一种Q态纳米CdS的新型制备法——聚合物分散法

采用一种Q态CdS的新型制备法——聚合物分散法, 即用水溶性聚合物溶液作为分散剂, 用2-巯基乙醇(或十二硫醇)作表面修饰剂, 在聚合物网络中构筑出四种粒径的、单分散性的Q-CdS. 通过UV-Vis光谱和TEM考察了Q-CdS的粒径及分布情况, 并用FL光谱研究了不同尺寸的Q-CdS的荧光性能. 结果表明, 采用聚合物分散法可以方便、快捷地得到粒径小且分布窄的Q-CdS纳米粒子, 这些粒子在紫外光谱及荧光光谱上均表现出明显的量子尺寸效应.     

CdS纳米粒子的表面修饰及其对光学性质的影响

用反胶束法合成了用表面活性剂分子磺基焉珀酸双－２－乙基已酯钠盐（ＡＯＴ）进行表面修饰的ＣｄＳ纳米粒子（记为ＣｄＳ／ＡＯＴ－ＳＯ３＾－）,研究了这种纳米粒子在正庚烷（ｈｅｐｔａｅ）和吡啶（Ｐｙ）溶剂中的荧肖及光解行为,发现其在正庚烷中荧光很强,而Ｐｙ却强烈地猝灭ＣｄＳ纳一子的荧光,用电荷转移猝灭机制进行了解释,这种解释为ＣｄＳ纳米粒子在Ｐｙ中光解实验进一步证实。     

Pt／CdS光催化剂表面修饰和表面结构

Ｐｔ／ＣｄＳ光催化剂表面修饰和表面结构张虎勤陈开勋＊金振声（西北大学化工系西安７１００６９）（中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所兰州）关键词光催化剂，半导体，表面组成，表面修饰１９９６－０５－２０收稿，１９９６－０９－２８修回近年来对在Ｐｔ／ＣｄＳ催化剂上...     

用硫脲分子表面修饰的CdS纳米粒子的合成和表征

报道了用硫脲分子进行表面化学修饰的CdS纳米粒子的合成方法,并引入了AOT(磺基琥珀酸双-2-乙基己基酯钠盐)作为平衡反离子,进一步对CdS表面作了修饰,增加了CdS纳米粒子在有机溶剂中的稳定性和可分散性。我们还探讨了温度、浓度、pH等因素对合成的影响,并通过TEM、XRD、FT-IR等手段对产物结构进行了表征。所得微粒粒径为5 nm左右,呈球形,硫脲分子与CdS纳米粒子富Cd²⁺表面通过形成Cd-S配位键而修饰在粒子表面。这种表面修饰的CdS纳米粒子将在非线性光学及自组装方面具有优     

表面修饰纳米二氧化硅及其与聚合物的作用

本文综述了近几年国内外对纳米二氧化硅的表面化学修饰及其在聚合物基纳米复合材料中与基体作用方式的研究工作。对纳米SiO₂进行表面修饰可以改善纳米颗粒与聚合物基体间的亲和性,同时可以使纳米SiO₂表面功能化,有利于SiO₂与聚合物基体间形成强的结合力。纳米SiO₂与聚合物基体间可以以吸附力、氢键、共价键等方式结合,不同的结合方式对材料性能也会产生不同程度的影响。     

聚合物表面金属化修饰研究进展

聚合物表面的金属化修饰是一项应用十分广泛的技术,其在保持了聚合物材料质轻易加工特点的同时赋予制品表面美观、耐磨、机械强度高、电学、热学等新的特点,已成为聚合物表面精细化加工的重要手段。经过表面金属化修饰的聚合物材料,具有极高的应用价值和广阔的市场前景,在生产和生活的各个领域都发挥着重要的作用,近年来发展很快。本文从聚合物表面金属化的工艺方法、表征手段和金属化后的作用三个方面对聚合物表面金属化修饰的研究进展进行了综述。     

荧光纳米晶制备及其与聚合物的复合组装

纳米尺寸无机晶体(纳米晶)具有特殊的光、电和磁等性能, 但这类材料通常以胶体溶液或固体粉末的状态存在, 稳定性和分散性较差. 实现这类材料的应用, 需要将其与一些惰性介质复合, 从而提高稳定性和加工性. 聚合物材料作为一种有机惰性介质, 具有良好的材料兼容性和可加工性, 是稳定纳米晶材料的首选介质. 此外, 很多聚合物材料本身也具备特殊的性能, 可以对纳米晶性能进行有益的补充和调节. 因此, 功能纳米晶材料与聚合物复合, 将成为开启材料性能宝库的钥匙. 我们研究组结合自己的相关研究, 系统总结了荧光纳米晶材料与聚合物的复合组装方法, 着重阐述不同方法的优势及意义, 希望对从事这一前沿领域研究的人们有所启发.     

修饰硅胶表面印迹牛血红蛋白及其识别性能的研究

本文选用马来酸酐修饰后的硅胶作为载体,丙烯酰胺为功能单体,N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,牛血红蛋白为模板分子,采用氧化还原悬浮聚合法,合成了具有选择性识别的牛血红蛋白分子印迹聚合物。并用红外光谱(IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对聚合物进行了表征,结果表明载体表面成功接枝了分子印迹聚合物薄层。同时,选择性吸附实验表明分子印迹聚合物的具有良好的识别性能,能成功的实现水溶液中牛血红蛋白的富集。     

基于表面修饰聚丙烯酸合成超顺磁/荧光纳米复合粒子

在聚丙烯酸修饰的Fe₃O₄纳米粒子表面共价结合罗丹明B, 获得分散性和荧光信号均得到改善的超顺磁/荧光复合纳米材料. 分别用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、热重分析仪、荧光光谱仪、X射线衍射仪(XRD) 和振动样品磁强计(VSM) 对合成的粒子进行了表征. 结果表明, 羧基化的Fe₃O₄纳米粒子和Fe₃O₄-荧光纳米复合材料的粒径基本相同, 为6～10 nm. Fe₃O₄-荧光纳米复合材料的饱和磁化强度为39.2 A•m²/kg, 室温下呈现超顺磁性, 具有较强的荧光信号.     

胃蛋白酶对CdTe纳米粒子的表面修饰及分析应用

以巯基乙酸为稳定剂和表面修饰剂, 在有机相中合成了平均粒径为3 nm左右的CdTe纳米粒子, 用胃蛋白酶改变纳米粒子的表面修饰状态并研究其系列特性. CdTe纳米粒子在320 nm处有强的紫外吸收, 在524.8 nm处有荧光发射. 经胃蛋白酶对其表面修饰后, 紫外吸收峰位不变, 但吸光强度升高, 荧光峰位蓝移至467.2 nm, 荧光强度降低. 温度、pH值及离子强度均对表面修饰产生影响. 在最佳实验条件下, 胃蛋白酶质量浓度在4—40 mg/L范围内与荧光降低值之间呈线性关系, 检测限(3σ)为0.28 mg/L(n=10), 该方法已被用于人体胃液胃蛋白酶的测定.     

Cds纳米微粒的聚四氟乙烯多孔膜法制备及其表面修饰

硫化镉;Cds纳米微粒的聚四氟乙烯多孔膜法制备及其表面修饰;纳米粒;多孔膜;表面修饰;聚四氟乙烯     

氧化铽团簇的表面修饰及对其荧光特性影响的研究

采用脉冲激光轰击浸于流动相中的氧化铽固体靶，考察了流动相及其流速、脉冲激光输出功率、修饰剂、添加修饰剂顺序等对所获得的氧化铽有机溶胶荧光性能的影响。UV-Vis和荧光光谱的测试表明：以含有修饰剂的无水乙醇作为流动相，可得到良好荧光性能的氧化铽乙醇溶胶，而环己酮与醋酸乙酯均不适合作为该体系的流动相;最佳流速为0.15 mL·s^-1；脉冲激光输出功率大有利于其荧光性能；最佳修饰剂为乙酰丙酮(acac)和2，2′-联吡啶(2，2′-bipy)，且应原位修饰。     

医用高分子材料表面的润滑改性进展

综述了医用高分子材料表面的润滑改性方法,对影响表面润滑性的因素进行了讨论,简述了材料表面润滑性的测定方法,润滑机理及润滑表面的形态,概述了表面润滑的医用高分子材料在临床中的应用。     

CdS/PPA纳米溶胶荧光探针同步荧光光度法测定水溶液中牛血清白蛋白

同步荧光光谱;CdS/PPA纳米粒子;牛血清白蛋白     

聚乙烯烷酮修饰CdS纳米微粒的制备及其光电转移特性

以聚乙烯烷酮（PVP）为修饰剂,制备了CdS纳米微粒。实验结果表明PVP与CdS纳米微粒间存在着强的相互作用,PVP和CdS纳米微粒的荧光都在很大程度上发生淬灭。其原因在于作为修饰剂的PVP与CdS纳米微粒子间发生了特殊缔合．受激时形成共振激发态,电子能量弛豫被延迟。     

Ascorbic Acid Sensor Based on CdS QDs@PDA Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer

An ascorbic acid (AA) sensor was constructed based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between CdS quantum dots (CdS QDs) and polydopamine (PDA) to detect trace AA sensitively. FRET occurred due to the broad absorption spectrum of PDA completely overlapped with the narrow emission spectrum of CdS QDs. The fluorescence of CdS QDs was quenched and in the “off” state. When AA was present, the conversion of DA to PDA was hindered and the FRET disappeared, resulting in the fluorescence of CdS QDs in an “on” state. Importantly, the degree of fluorescence recovery of CdS QDs displayed a desirable linear correlation with the concentration of AA in the range of 5.0–100.0 μmol/L, the linear equation is y=0.0119cAA+0.3113, and the detection limit is 1.16 μmol/L (S/N = 3, n = 9). There was almost no interference with common amino acid, glucose and biological sulfhydryl small molecules to AA. Trace amount of AA in vitamin C tablets were determined and satisfactory results were obtained; the recoveries were observed to be 98.01–100.7%.     

Preparation,morphology, size quantization effect and photocatalytic properties of CdS Q-nanocrystals

Intercommunity of lots of molecules and perturbation of few molecules have been shown in bulk materials because the intermolecular force is very much smaller than that of intramolecules. So, macroscopic solid theories have been applied to investigating their properties. On the other hand, microscopic quantum mechanical theory (or molecular orbital theory) has enabled the study of single molecule. However, it becomes much more complicated to the study on the small-parti- cle species representin…     

Determination of Albumin Using CdS/SiO2 Core/shell Nanoparticles as Fluorescence Probes

CdS quantum dots (QD) were capped with SiO₂ via a microemulsion method for reducing the toxicity and imparting the biocompatibility of the CdS QD. The resulting CdS/SiO₂ core/shell nanoparticles (NP) showed an improved water‐solubility and stability even in pH 4.0 acidic medium. Their fluorescence could be effectively enhanced in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA), due to the passivation effect of BSA on the surface of the NP. Furthermore, the concentration dependence of the fluorescence intensity obeys the Langmuir‐type binding isotherm. Thus a novel fluorescence enhancement method for the determination of BSA has been developed using the less‐toxic CdS/SiO₂ core/shell NP as probes. Under optimal conditions, the linear range of calibration curve is 0.6–30 µg·mL^?1, and the detection limit is 0.18 µg·mL^?1. Compared with the water‐soluble CdS NP without SiO₂ shell, the CdS/SiO₂ core/shell NP exhibited slightly lower fluorescence response to BSA as well as other coexisting substances, such as heavy and transition metals, due to the inhibition of SiO₂ shell. The proposed method was applied to the quantification of BSA in synthetic and serum samples with satisfactory results.     

Effect of Surface Modification on Semiconductor Nanocrystal Fluorescence Lifetime

Semiconductor nanocrystals, namely, quantum dots (QDs), present a set of unique photoluminescence properties, which has led to increased interest in using them as advantageous alternatives to conventional organic dyes. Many applications of QDs involve surface modification to enhance the solubility or biocompatibility of the QDs. One of the least exploited properties of QDs is the very long photoluminescence lifetime that usually has complex kinetics owing to the effect of quantum confinement. Herein, we describe the effect of different surface modifications on the photoluminescence decay kinetics of QDs. The different surface modifications were carefully chosen to provide lipophilic or water‐soluble QDs with either positive or negative surface net charges. We also survey the effect on the QD lifetime of several ligands that interact with the QD surface, such as organic chromophores or fluorescent proteins. The results obtained demonstrate that time‐resolved fluorescence is a useful tool for QD‐based sensing to set the basis for the development of time‐resolved‐based nanosensors.