接枝聚硅氧烷环糊精固定相溶胶-凝胶毛细管气相色谱柱分离内酯对映体

参照文献方法合成了4种以环糊精为侧链的含氢聚甲基硅氧烷。在4种不同的合成物中,环糊精或是以本身不同的位置与主链相连,或是连接臂的结构不同,亦或是连接臂的长短各异。分别用合成的4种化合物为固定相,首次采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了气相色谱手性毛细管柱。在这些色谱柱上,以手性化合物(±)γ-苯基-γ-丁内酯为探测物对4种色谱柱的柱效率、手性选择性、容量因子、分离度及固定相的极性等各种色谱参数进行了测定,并将测定的数值进行了比较。发现环糊精以圆台较小的一端与含氢硅油相连,连接臂中不含苯氧基而含有醚键,连接臂较短(含4个亚甲基)的固定相是所合成的4种固定相中的最佳选择。     

β-环糊精黄原酸酯引发的RAFT聚合用于β-环糊精改性

碱性条件下β-环糊精(β-CyD)与二硫化碳反应生成黄原酸盐,随后与α-溴丁酸甲酯反应制得β-环糊精黄原酸酯,并以此为可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合(RAFT)的链转移剂,制备了3种不同接枝链长的共聚物β-环糊精-聚(N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺)(β-CyD-PDMA).用核磁共振对β-环糊精黄原酸酯及其接枝共聚物进行了结构表征,考察了β-CyD-PDMA水溶液的黏度、表面张力随接枝链长的变化.通过圆二色谱研究了分子结构的不对称性.使用高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、动态光散射(DLS)研究了β-CyD-PDMA在水溶液中的自组装行为.结果表明:β-环糊精上3个6位羟基参与了黄原酸化反应,生成的共聚物为不对称的皇冠状结构;β-CyD-PDMA分子量分布较窄,表现出很好的可控活性聚合特征;接枝共聚物可以进行类胶束聚集,而含有较长PDMA链的共聚物在低浓度下自组装形成直径为280 nm的胶束结构,在高浓度下形成6 nm的新聚集结构.     

桥联β-环糊精液相色谱键合固定相研究

合成了两种桥联β-环糊精固定相,将其用于芳香烃位置异构体、氨基酸的对映异构体的拆分,同时比较了其与β-CD固定相的手性拆分效果。研究结果表明,桥联环糊精固定相对一些对映异构体具有较好的选择性;其对普通的环糊精固定相的选择性具有一定的补充或者改进作用。     

全烷基化β-环糊精混合固定相上一些取代苯类手性化合物的气相色谱分离研究

将全甲基-β-环糊精分别与全乙基-β-环糊精、全丁基-β-环糊精和全戊基-β-环糊精混合作为气相色谱固定相,并以全甲基-β-环糊精单一固定相作为对照,测试了这4根毛细管柱的柱效、极性和手性分离性能,探讨了固定相和溶质的结构和性质对手性分离结果的影响.结果表明:4根毛细管柱在100 ℃时的麦氏常数平均值分别为180.5、163.3、149.9和146.6,表明随着与全甲基-β-环糊精混涂的环糊精的烷基链长加长,固定相的极性逐渐降低;16种含苯环的手性化合物在这4根柱上均得到了较好地分离,但随着固定相的极性减弱,其手性分离能力减小;溶质分子中取代基的位置、碳链长度和结构对分离结果具有一定的影响.     

两种β-环糊精单臂键合固定相液相色谱法拆分三唑类手性农药

以有序介孔材料SBA-15为基质,β-环糊精和氨基β-环糊精为配体,通过环糊精端口的羟基和氨基与3-异氰酸丙基三乙氧基硅烷偶联剂上活泼的异氰酸酯基之间的加成反应,制备了2种不同单键合臂的β-环糊精修饰SBA-15手性固定相(CDSP和NCDSP),它们分别含有稳定的氨基甲酸酯基和脲基键合臂.在反相高效液相色谱模式下,以灭菌唑、烯唑醇、己唑醇和戊唑醇等10种常见的三唑类手性农药为探针,考察了CDSP和NCDSP的基本手性色谱性能.研究结果表明,2种新固定相对三唑类农药对映体均有较好的快速拆分能力,所需分离时间较短(30 min),其中灭菌唑和烯唑醇的选择性因子(α)分别为1.29和1.28,分离度分别达到3.84和3.23.采用甲醇、乙腈和水组成的简单流动相,室温下在CDSP和NCDSP上分别拆分了9种和8种三唑类手性农药对映体.研究发现拥有适当大小和手性碳连接羟基的三唑类农药在上述2种新固定相上有较好的拆分效果,说明固定相上的环糊精配体对溶质的包结、氢键和空间位阻等协同作用对空间手性识别有重要贡献.不同批次CDSP和NCDSP的键合量分别为0.139~0.156和0.120~0.137μmol/m2,表明2种固定相的制备方法有较好的重现性.与涂覆型纤维素商品柱相比,新的脲基环糊精固定相性能更稳定,反相色谱实用性更强,且制备方法简便,成本较低,在三唑类手性农药对映体残留量检测中具有良好的应用前景.     

新型靛红衍生化β-环糊精键合SBA-15液相色谱固定相的制备与表征

利用靛红的羰基与β-环糊精单取代乙二胺的缩合反应,合成得到种靛红衍生化β-环糊精Schiff碱类化合物。以3-异氰酸丙基三乙氧基硅烷为偶联剂,将其键合到自制的有序介孔二氧化硅材料SBA-15表面,制得种新型的靛红衍生化β-环糊精键合SBA-15液相色谱固定相(ISCDP)。分别对β-环糊精衍生物、SBA-15及固定相进行必要的结构表征。在反相色谱条件下,以卤代尿嘧啶类极性化合物和二取代苯位置异构体为探针,评价新固定相的基本色谱性能。在极性有机溶剂和反相模式下,将新固定相分别用于β-受体阻滞剂药物和丹磺酰化氨基酸对映体的拆分,探讨了相关色谱分离机理。实验表明,靛红吲哚环的引入,增强了环糊精类固定相对卤代尿嘧啶的反相色谱分离能力,分析时间小于7 min。固定相分离硝基苯胺、氨基苯酚和苯二酚的位置异构体时也表现出较高的立体选择性,其中对位异构体均后被洗脱,这与包结作用相关;靛红衍生化β-环糊精配体也提高了固定相的手性分离能力,除疏水作用外,靛红衍生化β-环糊精配体还能提供偶极、氢键、π-π和包结等作用,多种协同作用力有利于提高新固定相的手性和非手性分离的选择性。SBA-15作为键合基质,其有序的孔结构有利于保持色谱柱的良好渗透性和小的传质阻力,在快速高效分离分析中具有应用潜能。     

环糊精-冠醚用作毛细管气相色谱手性固定相的研究

合成了一种新型的气相色谱固定相６－（１－苯并氮杂－１５－冠－５）－２,３,６－Ｏ－全甲基－β－环糊精,并用于一些对映体与芳香族位置异构体的分离。结果表明,新型固定相具有良好的选择性和拆分能力,显示了环糊精与冠醚对化合物分离的协同作用。     

两种β-环糊精单臂键合固定相液相色谱法拆分三唑类手性农药

以有序介孔材料SBA-15为基质, β-环糊精和氨基β-环糊精为配体, 通过环糊精端口的羟基和氨基与3-异氰酸丙基三乙氧基硅烷偶联剂上活泼的异氰酸酯基之间的加成反应, 制备了2种不同单键合臂的β-环糊精修饰SBA-15手性固定相(CDSP和NCDSP), 它们分别含有稳定的氨基甲酸酯基和脲基键合臂. 在反相高效液相色谱模式下, 以灭菌唑、 烯唑醇、 己唑醇和戊唑醇等10种常见的三唑类手性农药为探针, 考察了CDSP和NCDSP的基本手性色谱性能. 研究结果表明, 2种新固定相对三唑类农药对映体均有较好的快速拆分能力, 所需分离时间较短(< 30 min), 其中灭菌唑和烯唑醇的选择性因子(α)分别为1.29和1.28, 分离度分别达到3.84和3.23. 采用甲醇、 乙腈和水组成的简单流动相, 室温下在CDSP和NCDSP上分别拆分了9种和8种三唑类手性农药对映体. 研究发现拥有适当大小和手性碳连接羟基的三唑类农药在上述2种新固定相上有较好的拆分效果, 说明固定相上的环糊精配体对溶质的包结、 氢键和空间位阻等协同作用对空间手性识别有重要贡献. 不同批次CDSP和NCDSP的键合量分别为0.139~0.156和0.120~0.137 μmol/m², 表明2种固定相的制备方法有较好的重现性. 与涂覆型纤维素商品柱相比, 新的脲基环糊精固定相性能更稳定, 反相色谱实用性更强, 且制备方法简便, 成本较低, 在三唑类手性农药对映体残留量检测中具有良好的应用前景.     

功能化苯甲酰胺基-β-环糊精手性固定相的制备及其对黄烷酮对映体的拆分

为了探讨功能基团对苯甲酰胺基-β-环糊精手性固定相手性拆分性能的影响,本文采用点击化学制备了两种手性固定相:全取代-4-氯-3-甲基苯甲酰氨基-6A-三唑基-β-环糊精键合硅胶手性固定相(CSP1)和全取代-5-氯-2-甲基苯甲酰氨基-6A-三唑基-β-环糊精键合硅胶手性固定相(CSP2)。利用核磁共振、红外光谱及元素分析等手段对固定相的结构进行了表征;在反相高效液相色谱条件下,通过对9种黄烷酮消旋体的拆分,对比研究了两种固定相的手性拆分性能。研究结果表明CSP1的拆分性能优于CSP2。这两种手性固定相仅在水与甲醇体系下即可实现对黄烷酮的手性拆分,展现了较好的应用前景。     

不同气相色谱固定相对酚类和苯系物的分离

选择一种最佳的分析酚类和苯系物的毛细管气相色谱固定相，比较不同色谱固定相对酚类和苯系物的分离特性；结果发现用环糊精接枝聚硅氧烷作气相色谱固定相可同时分析酚类和苯系物；自制的环糊精毛细管柱有独特的位置异构体分离能力，经济，实用，适用于当前环境污染物的分析。     

Sol-gel technique for the preparation of beta-cyclodextrin derivative stationary phase in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography

A novel open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC) column coated with 2,6-dibutyl-beta-cyclodextrin (DB-beta-CD) was prepared using sol-gel technique. In the sol-gel approach, owing to the three-dimensional network of sol-gel and the strong chemical bond between the stationary phase and the surface of capillary columns, good chromatographic characteristics and unique selectivity in separating isomers were shown. We achieved high efficiencies of 5-14 x 10(4) plates/m for the isomeric nitrophenols using the sol-gel-derived DB-beta-CD columns. The migration time reproducibility of the separation of the isomeric nitrophenols was better than 2.2% over five runs and 4.5% from column to column. These sol-gel-coated DB-beta-CD columns have shown improved separations of isomeric aminophenols, isomeric dihydroxybenzenes and isomeric nitrophenols, in comparison with the sol-gel matrix capillary column. The influences of buffer pH and methanol solvent on separation were investigated. The chiral resolution of enantiomers such as ibuprofen and binaphthol was explored primarily.     

分子印迹聚合物在毛细管电色谱拆分手性药物中的研究进展

手性药物通过与生物体内生物大分子之间的手性匹配与分子识别来发挥药理作用。两个对映体与体内手性环境相互作用的不同导致每个对映体表现出不同的药理活性、代谢过程、代谢速率及毒性等药代动力学特征。因此发展手性药物的拆分方法,对于手性药物的开发和生产过程的质量监控具有重要意义。分子印迹聚合物（MIPs）是以目标分子作为模板而制备的高分子聚合物,它具有特定的空间分子结构和官能团,对目标分子具有高度的特异性识别能力。基于该特点,MIPs非常适合于手性药物的拆分和纯化。毛细管电色谱（CEC）可同时基于毛细管电泳和液相色谱的分离机理对目标物进行分离,因此具有高分离效率和高选择性的特点。将MIPs材料作为CEC的固定相,可将这两种技术的优势结合,从而实现对手性药物的高效拆分。MIPs材料在1994年首次应用于CEC手性拆分,此后该研究领域开始获得关注和发展。MIPs材料主要通过4种模式在CEC中实现手性拆分,分别是作为开管柱、填充柱和整体柱的固定相以及分离介质中的准固定相。该综述以这4种模式作为分类基准,根据MIPs制备所需的材料和分离对象对其在CEC手性拆分中的应用进行了总结,揭示了MIPs在CEC手性拆分中的潜力,同时评述了这4种模式各自的优势与不足,并对将来MIPs在CEC手性拆分中的发展进行了展望。     

Advances in sol-gel based columns for capillary electrochromatography: sol-gel open-tubular columns

The development of sol-gel open-tubular column technology in capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is reviewed. Sol-gel column technology offers a versatile means of creating organic-inorganic hybrid stationary phases. Sol-gel column technology provides a general approach to column fabrication for microseparation techniques including CEC, and is amenable to both open-tubular and monolithic columns. Direct chemical bonding of the stationary phase to the capillary inner walls provides enhanced thermal and solvent stability to sol-gel columns. Sol-gel stationary phases inherently possess higher surface area, and thus provide an effective one-step alternative to conventional open-tubular column technology. Sol-gel column technology is applicable to both silica-based and transition metal oxide-based hybrid stationary phases, and thus, provides a great opportunity to utilize advanced material properties of a wide range of nontraditional stationary phases to achieve enhanced selectivity in analytical microseparations. A wide variety of stationary phase ligands can be chemically immobilized on the capillary inner surface using a single-step sol-gel procedure. Sol-gel chemistry can be applied to design stationary phases with desired chromatographic characteristics, including the possibility of creating columns with either a positive or a negative charge on the stationary phase surface. This provides a new tool to control electroosmotic flow (EOF) in the column. Column efficiencies on the order of half a million theoretical plates per meter have been reported for sol-gel open-tubular CEC columns. The selectivity of sol-gel stationary phases can be easily fine-tuned by adjusting the composition of the coating sol solution. Open-tubular columns have significant advantages over their packed counterparts because of the simplicity in column making and hassle-free fritless operation. Open-tubular CEC columns possess low sample capacity and low detection sensitivity. Full utilization of the analytical potential of sol-gel open-tubular columns will require a concomitant development in the area of high-sensitivity detection technology.     

Chiral covalent organic framework incorporated organic polymer monolithic capillary column for enantioseparations

A chiral covalent organic framework was synthesized, characterized, and incorporated into organic polymer monolithic capillary columns to provide chiral stationary phases for enantioseparations. The prepared monolithic capillary columns were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis. To obtain better enantioseparations, the columns’ preparation conditions, and enantioseparation conditions were optimized. Baseline resolutions of several chiral compounds were obtained with good reproducibility and stability. Furthermore, the mechanism of chiral recognition was investigated using molecular docking with AutoDock. Docking results showed that the enantioselectivity factor rather than resolution is correlated with the binding free energy difference between enantiomers with the chiral covalent organic framework. And abundant acetoxy and nitrile groups as well as benzene rings in the chiral covalent organic framework are responsible for the enantioseparation ability of the chiral monolithic capillary columns.     

Separation and determination synchronously by multichannel mode-filtered light capillary electrochromatography

Mode-filtered light capillary electrophoresis (CE) was developed for capillary electrochromatography (CEC) by applying annular columns of different size (250, 320, and 530 micro m) and a bovine serum albumin (BSA)-modified chiral stationary phase. BSA was encapsulated on the pretreated surface of an optic fiber and the inner wall of a capillary using sol-gel technique with a resultant larger active stationary phase area. The coating was examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). The separation of DL-tryptophan (10 mM) was investigated under different voltage/current conditions.     

手性化合物的气相色谱分析: 采用手征性固定相直接分离

采用涂布手性固定相的毛细管柱在气相色谱上进行手性化合物对映体的分离是近年发展起来的一种简便、快速分析的新方法。本文就分离机理,手性化合物的衍生化,构型分析和光学活性固定相等四个方面的新进展进行综述和讨论。     

A novel ionic liquids grafted polysiloxane for capillary gas chromatography

A new ionic liquids grafted polysiloxane used as stationary phase for capillary gas chromatography(CGC) is described.The stationary phase of 1-vinyl-3-hexylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate anchored to polysiloxane(PMHS-[VHIm][PF_6]) was synthesized, characterized and coated onto capillary columns by static coating.The results show that the present stationary phase exhibits a very good chromatographic resolution and selectivity for Grob test mixture and alcohols with baseline resolution and symmetry peaks....     

Simultaneous Chiral Separation Using a Combinatorial Molecular Imprinting Phase

Molecular imprinting is a technology by which specific recognition sites can be producedby using a template molecule in the polymerization procedure. In recent years,molecular imprinting has become an important approach for the preparation of chiralstationary phase with predetermined selectivity'-'. So far, the commonly atilizedfunctional monomers include methacrylic acid', acrylamide' and 4-vinylpyridine',combined functional monomers such as methacrylic acid 2-vinylpyridine'-' andacrylamide…     

Coatings of one monomer molecularly imprinted polymers for open tubular capillary electrochromatography

One monomer molecularly imprinted polymer coatings were first synthesized in fused silica capillary columns with 2-methacrylamidopropyl methacrylate (MAM) as single functional monomer in addition to a cross-linking monomer. Since MAM may generate no or little EOF, a strategy of precursor of polymerization, which does not interfere with the formation of defined imprints, was used to introduce an ionizable functional monomer to generate a stable electroosmotic flow for electrochromatography (CEC) by post-polymerization hydrolization. The resulting MAM-based open-tubular imprinted capillary was able to separate enantiomers by means of CEC. The resolution of enantiomers separation achieved on S-amlodipine-imprinted capillary was up to 16.1. The strong recognition ability (selectivity factor was 3.23) and high column performance (theory plates was 26,053 plates m(-1)) of template were obtained. The MIP coatings were also prepared using either S-naproxen or S-ketoprofen as template molecule. The resolutions of enantiomers separation were 2.20 and 4.56, respectively. The results illustrate that the synthesis of MIP using one monomer is not only an experimental-simplified process, but also an approach to producing chiral stationary phase with high efficiency and selectivity.     

Synthesis and evaluation of a new biselector s-triazine based chiral stationary phase for enantioselective HPLC: potentiality of the approach and perspectives

A s-triazine scaffold bearing a free and a protected amino group was used for connecting two different chiral auxiliaries, whose enantiodiscriminating capabilities in enantioselective chromatography are well documented. A biselector system was synthesized and, after linkage to silica gel, used for the chromatographic resolution of different racemic analytes, chosen among the compounds resolved by the two different isolated chiral auxiliaries. The obtained chromatographic results were compared with literature data related to the use of the two chiral stationary phases (CSPs) whose chiral moieties constitute the biselector CSP, allowing us to gain useful information about potentialities and limitations of this approach for obtaining independent CSPs having broader applicability with respect to the classical independent monoselector CSPs.