Reflection of plane waves in generalized thermoelasticity of type III with nonlocal effect

The generalized thermoelasticity theory based upon the Green and Naghdi model III of thermoelasticity as well as the Eringen's nonlocal elasticity model is used to study the propagation of harmonic plane waves in a nonlocal thermoelastic medium. We found two sets of coupled longitudinal waves, which are dispersive in nature and experience attenuation. In addition to the coupled waves, there also exists one independent vertically shear-type wave, which is dispersive but experiences no attenuation. All these waves are found to be influenced by the elastic nonlocality parameter. Furthermore, the shear-type wave is found to face a critical frequency, while the coupled longitudinal waves may face critical frequencies conditionally. The problem of reflection of the thermoelastic waves at the stress-free insulated and isothermal boundary of a homogeneous, isotropic nonlocal thermoelastic half-space has also been investigated. The formulae for various reflection coefficients and their respective energy ratios are determined in various cases. For a particular material, the effects of the angular frequency and the elastic nonlocal parameter have been shown on phase speeds and the attenuation coefficients of the propagating waves. The effect of the elastic nonlocality on the reflection coefficients and the energy ratios has been observed and depicted graphically. Finally, analysis of the various results has been interpreted.     

Propagation of plane waves in microstretch fluid

The propagation of plane harmonic waves are studied in a microstretch fluid medium. It is found that five basic waves can propagate at distinct speeds in an infinite linear homogeneous isotropic microstretch fluid. Out of these five waves, one is a longitudinal micro-rotational wave, two are coupled longitudinal waves and remaining two are coupled transverse waves. The longitudinal micro-rotational wave travels independently and is not influenced by the microstretching of the medium, while the coupled longitudinal waves arise due to the presence of microstretching and coupled transverse waves arise due to the presence of micro-rotation in the medium. Speed of propagation of all the waves are found to be complex valued and dispersive at low frequency, but almost non-dispersive at high frequency. Due to complex valued speeds of propagation, all the waves are attenuating but differently. Coupled sets of longitudinal waves reduce to a longitudinal wave of micropolar fluid in the absence of microstretching. Reflection phenomena of a set of coupled longitudinal waves incident obliquely at the free surface of a microstretch fluid half-space has been investigated. Closed formulae for the reflection coefficients are presented and computed numerically for a particular medium. The real and imaginary parts of the complex speeds of all the waves and their corresponding attenuation coefficients have also been studied numerically and depicted graphically against frequency parameter.     

Reflection and refraction of P-, SV- and thermal wave,at an initially stressed solid–liquid interface in generalized thermoelasticity

We have investigated the problem of reflection and refraction of thermoelastic wave at a solid–liquid interface in presence of initial stress. Using the theory of generalized thermoelasticity the problem has been solved in the context of various linear theories of thermoelasticity namely Lord–Shulmon, Green–Lindsay and coupled thermoelasticity. The appropriate expressions to find the amplitude ratios for all the three cases of P-wave incidence, SV-wave incidence and thermal wave incidence have been developed. However the ratios of amplitudes of reflected and refracted waves to that of incident wave are computed numerically for earth’s crust-water interface, for incident P-wave only, considering the initial stress to be tensile as well as compressional both. The results obtained are discussed and compared in the three models of thermoelasticity. The variations of the amplitude ratios with initial stress in G–L model have also been shown.     

Wave propagation in an initially stressed transversely isotropic thermoelastic solid half-space

The governing equations of thermoelasticity of transversely isotropic solid with initial stresses are formulated at uniform temperature. These equations are solved analytically in two-dimensions to show the existence of three plane quasi waves, namely, Quasi-Longitudinal (QL), Thermal (T-mode) and Quasi-Transverse (QT) waves. Reflection from a thermally insulated stress free surface of an initial stressed transversely isotropic thermoelastic solid half-space is studied. A particular model is chosen for the numerical computations of the propagation speeds, attenuation coefficients and reflection coefficients. Effects of initial stress parameter and thermal disturbances are observed on speeds of propagation, attenuation coefficients and reflection coefficients.     

Effect of micro-inertia in the propagation of waves in micropolar thermoelastic materials with voids

The effect of micro-inertia in the propagation of waves in micropolar thermoelastic materials with voids has been investigated. Elastic waves are reflected due to incident coupled longitudinal and coupled shear waves from a plane free boundary of micropolar thermoelastic materials with voids. The amplitude ratios corresponding to the reflected coupled longitudinal and coupled shear waves are derived by using appropriate boundary conditions. Energy partition in the free surface has been presented. The amplitude and energy ratios of the reflected waves are also computed numerically for a particular model.     

Extensional wave motion in homogenous isotropic thermoelastic plate by using asymptotic method

The present investigation is concerned with the study of extensional wave motion in an infinite homogenous isotropic, thermoelastic plate by using asymptotic method. The governing equation for the extensional wave motions have been derived from the system of three-dimensional dynamical equations of linear coupled theory of thermoelasticity. All coefficients of the differential operator are expressed as explicit functions of the material parameters. The velocity dispersion equation for the extensional wave motion is deduced from the three-dimensional analog of Rayleigh–Lamb frequency equation for thermoelastic plate waves. The approximations for long and short waves and expression for group velocity are also derived. The thermoelastic Rayleigh–Lamb frequency equations for the considered plate are expanded in power series in order to obtain polynomial frequency and velocity dispersion relations whose equivalence is established to that of asymptotic method. The dispersion curves for phase velocity and attenuation coefficient are shown graphically for extensional wave motion of the plates.     

Reflection and transmission of couple longitudinal waves at a plane interface between two dissimilar half-spaces of thermo-elastic materials with voids

The problem of reflection and transmission of elastic waves due to incident plane couple longitudinal waves at a plane interface between two dissimilar half-spaces of thermo-elastic materials with voids has been investigated. Using the theory of Iesan (1986), the propagation of couple longitudinal waves in the thermo-elastic materials with voids has been explained. The expressions of the reflection and transmission coefficients and energy ratios corresponding to reflected and transmitted waves are obtained. These coefficients and energy ratios of the various reflected and transmitted waves are computed numerically for a specific model.     

Wave propagation in single-walled carbon nanotube under longitudinal magnetic field using nonlocal Euler–Bernoulli beam theory

In the present work, the effect of longitudinal magnetic field on wave dispersion characteristics of equivalent continuum structure (ECS) of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) embedded in elastic medium is studied. The ECS is modelled as an Euler–Bernoulli beam. The chemical bonds between a SWCNT and the elastic medium are assumed to be formed. The elastic matrix is described by Pasternak foundation model, which accounts for both normal pressure and the transverse shear deformation. The governing equations of motion for the ECS of SWCNT under a longitudinal magnetic field are derived by considering the Lorentz magnetic force obtained from Maxwell’s relations within the frame work of nonlocal elasticity theory. The wave propagation analysis is performed using spectral analysis. The results obtained show that the velocity of flexural waves in SWCNTs increases with the increase of longitudinal magnetic field exerted on it in the frequency range; 0–20 THz. The present analysis also shows that the flexural wave dispersion in the ECS of SWCNT obtained by local and nonlocal elasticity theories differ. It is found that the nonlocality reduces the wave velocity irrespective of the presence of the magnetic field and does not influences it in the higher frequency region. Further it is found that the presence of elastic matrix introduces the frequency band gap in flexural wave mode. The band gap in the flexural wave is found to independent of strength of the longitudinal magnetic field.     

Reflection at the free surface of fiber-reinforced thermoelastic rotating medium with two-temperature and phase-lag

The present investigation is concerned with the reflection of plane waves from the free surface of a homogeneous, anisotropic, fiber-reinforced thermoelastic rotating medium under two-temperature and dual-phase-lag model. It has been observed that three coupled plane waves travel in the medium with distinct speeds. Using appropriate boundary conditions, the amplitude and energy ratios for the reflected waves are derived and the numerical computations have been carried out with the help of MATLAB programming. The numerical values of the modulus of reflection coefficients are presented graphically to exhibit the two-temperature, phase lag and rotation parameter effects. The expressions of energy ratios have also been obtained in explicit form and are shown graphically as functions of angle of incidence. It has been verified that during reflection phenomena, the sum of energy ratios is equal to unity at each angle of incidence.     

Reflection of magneto-thermoelastic waves with two relaxation times and temperature dependent elastic moduli

The model of the equations of generalized magneto-thermoelasticity with two relaxation times in an isotropic elastic medium under the effect of reference temperature on the modulus of elasticity is established. The modulus of elasticity is taken as a linear function of reference temperature. Reflection of magneto-thermoelastic waves under generalized thermoelasticity theory is employed to study the reflection of plane harmonic waves from a semi-infinite elastic solid in a vacuum. The expressions for the reflection coefficients, which are the relations of the amplitudes of the reflected waves to the amplitude of the incident waves, are obtained. Similarly, the reflection coefficients ratios variations with the angle of incident under different conditions are shown graphically. A comparison is made with the results predicted by the coupled theory and with the case where the modulus of elasticity is independent of temperature.     

Wave propagation in thermo-chiral elastic medium

The propagation of time harmonic waves through an infinite thermo-chiral elastic material has been investigated. The elastic field of thermo-chiral medium has been described by extending the governing equations and constitutive relations of hemitropic micropolar material to include temperature field. Seven basic waves consisting of three coupled dilatational waves and four coupled shear waves traveling with distinct speeds may exist in the medium. All the waves are found to be dispersive, however the coupled dilatational waves are attenuating and temperature dependent, while the coupled shear waves are independent of temperature field. The phase speeds and corresponding attenuation quality factors of all the coupled dilatational waves have been computed numerically for a specific model. The effect of chirality and temperature field have been shown graphically.     

具有两个驰豫时间的热弹性立方晶体材料中平面波的传播

研究具有两个驰豫时间的、两个不同弹性和热性质的、广义传热立方晶体固体半空间的有缺陷结合面上,热弹性平面波的反射和折射问题.具有两个驰豫时间的广义热弹性理论,是1972年由Green和Lindsay提出并应用于问题的研究.对有缺陷边界,给出了反射系数和折射系数(即反射波和折射波振幅与入射波振幅之比)的表达式,并推演了法向刚性边界、横向刚性边界、接触传热边界、滑动边界和结合面边界时的表达式.给出了在不同边界条件及出射角时,不同的反射波和折射波的振幅比,在不同的入射波时的变化图.发现反射波和折射波振幅比受到介质刚性和热性质的影响.     

3D dynamic coupled thermoelastic solution for constant thickness disks using refined 1D finite element models

This paper deals with the generalized coupled thermoelastic solution for disks with constant thickness. It is a sequel to the authors’s previous work in which refined 1D Galerkin finite element models with 3D-like accuracies are developed for theories of coupled thermoelasticity. Use of the reduced models with low computational costs may be of interest in a laborious time history analysis of the dynamic problems. In this paper, the developed models are applied and evaluated for a 3D solution of the dynamic generalized coupled thermoelasticity problem in the disk subjected to thermal shock loads. Comparison of the obtained result with the results available in the literature verified the proposed finite element models are quite efficient with very high rate of convergence and able to provide results with analytical accuracy. In addition, propagation of the thermoelastic waves, the wave reflection from the boundaries and the Poisson effect in an axisymmetric and asymmetric disk problem are represented as contour plots to demonstrate 3D capabilities of the models.     

A novel model of nonlocal thermoelasticity with time derivatives of higher order

The objective of this work is to introduce a new system of differential equations describing the nonlocal thermoelasticity theory with higher time derivatives and two-phase lags. In order to obtain this model, we used the nonlocal continuum theory proposed by Eringen and the methodology of the Taylor series expansion of higher-order time derivatives. Some generalized thermoelasticity theories follow as limited cases. This model is used to study the thermoelastic interaction in a nonlocal medium. The medium is exposed to an applied magnetic field and a periodic time heat source with a constant strength. Some comparisons have been displayed in figures to estimate the influences of the nonlocal parameter and magnetic field as well as the parameters of higher-order on all the field quantities.     

The Structure of Dispersion Relation in Hyperbolic Thermoelasticity

For a system of field equations of hyperbolic thermoelasticity we derive a propagation condition for a thermoelastic disturbance in a form of homogeneous plane wave in deformation and temperature. The corresponding dispersion relation is given in an explicit form, together with the discussion of di.erent types of homogeneous thermoelastic plane waves that may emerge from the resulting system of coupled PDEs.     

Variable electrical and thermal conductivity in the theory of generalized thermoelastic diffusion

This paper deals with the problem of a thermoelastic half-space with a permeating substance in contact with the bounding plane in the context of the theory of generalized thermoelastic diffusion with one relaxation time and with variable electrical and thermal conductivity. The bounding surface of the half-space is taken to be traction free and subjected to a time dependent thermal shock. The solution is obtained in the Laplace transform domain by a direct approach. A numerical technique is employed to obtain the solution in the physical domain. It is found that there exist two coupled waves, one of which is elastic and the other is thermal, and a third wave affects diffusion mainly. A comparison is made with the results obtained in a thermoelastic medium with and without diffusion in the following cases : (a) the electrical and thermal conductivities have constant values, (b) the presence of magnetic field and (c) the generalized theory in thermoelasticity. Received: June 1, 2005     

Variable electrical and thermal conductivity in the theory of generalized thermoelastic diffusion

This paper deals with the problem of a thermoelastic half-space with a permeating substance in contact with the bounding plane in the context of the theory of generalized thermoelastic diffusion with one relaxation time and with variable electrical and thermal conductivity. The bounding surface of the half-space is taken to be traction free and subjected to a time dependent thermal shock. The solution is obtained in the Laplace transform domain by a direct approach. A numerical technique is employed to obtain the solution in the physical domain. It is found that there exist two coupled waves, one of which is elastic and the other is thermal, and a third wave affects diffusion mainly. A comparison is made with the results obtained in a thermoelastic medium with and without diffusion in the following cases : (a) the electrical and thermal conductivities have constant values, (b) the presence of magnetic field and (c) the generalized theory in thermoelasticity.     

Propagating waves in elastic material with voids subjected to electro-magnetic interactions

Constitutive relations and field equations are developed for an elastic solid with voids subjected to electro-magnetic field. The linearized form of the relations and equations are presented separately when medium is subjected to a large magnetic field and when it is subjected to a large electric field. The possibility of propagation of time harmonic plane waves in an infinite elastic solid with voids has been explored. It is found that when the medium is subjected to large magnetic field, there exist two coupled longitudinal waves propagating with distinct speeds and a transverse wave mode. However, when the medium is subjected to a large electric field, there may propagate five basic waves comprising of four coupled longitudinal waves propagating with distinct speeds and a lone transverse wave. The effects of magnetic and electric fields are observed on the propagation characteristics of the existing waves. Under the limiting cases of frequency and for different electric conductive materials, the speeds of various waves are investigated. The phase speeds of different waves and their corresponding attenuations have been computed against the frequency parameter and depicted graphically for a specific material.     

Modelling of circumferential waves in cylindrical thermoelastic plates with voids

The propagation of thermoelastic waves along circumferential direction in homogeneous, isotropic, cylindrical curved solid plates with voids has been investigated in the context of linear generalized theory of thermoelasticity. The plate is subjected to stress free or rigidly fixed, thermally insulated or isothermal boundary conditions. Mathematical modeling of the problem for the considered cylindrical curved plate with voids leads to a system of coupled partial differential equations. The model has been simplified by using the Helmholtz decomposition technique and the resulting equations are solved by using the method of separation of variables. The formal solution obtained by using Bessel’s functions with complex arguments is utilized to derive the secular equations which govern the wave motion in the plate with voids. The longitudinal shear motion and axially symmetric shear vibration modes get decoupled from the rest of the motion in contrast to non-axially symmetric plane strain vibrations. These modes remain unaffected due to thermal variations and presence of voids. In order to illustrate theoretical developments, numerical solutions have been carried out for a stress free, thermally insulated or isothermal magnesium plate and are presented graphically. The obtained results are also compared with those available in the literature.     

平面P波在弹性介质和非饱和多孔弹性介质分界面上的传播

使用线性粘滞的多孔弹性介质模型,解决在弹性介质和非饱和多孔弹性介质分界面上平面P波的反射与透射问题,这里的非饱和多孔介质中固体骨架被两种相互耦合的流体（液体和气体）所充满．通过势函数的方法得到了振幅反射系数与振幅透射系数．然后推导得到入射波与反射波、透射波之间能量转换情况．研究发现:用振幅比和能量比所表示的反射系数与透射系数是与入射角度、饱和度、入射频率以及上下层介质的弹性常数有关的方程式．数值计算通过图形的形式表达出来,而且入射角度、频率及饱和度对振幅和能量的反射与透射系数的影响分别进行了讨论．证明了在整个波的传播过程中分界处并没有发生能量的耗散．