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1.
Electrosynthesis and electrochromic properties of free‐standing copolymer based on oligo(oxyethylene) cross‐linked 2,2’‐bithiophene and 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene
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Yongjing Hu Zhipeng Wang Kaiwen Lin Jingkun Xu Xuemin Duan Feng Zhao Jian Hou Fengxing Jiang 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2016,54(11):1583-1592
Oligo(oxyethylene) chains cross‐linked 2,2’‐bithiophene (BT‐E5‐BT) has been synthesized successfully. A free‐standing copolymer film based on BT‐E5‐BT and 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (P(BT‐E5‐BT‐co‐EDOT)) has been synthesized by electrochemical polymerization. The electrical conductivity of P(BT‐E5‐BT‐co‐EDOT) copolymer (16 S m?1) has improved by four orders of magnitude compared to the homopolymer of BT‐E5‐BT (P(BT‐E5‐BT), 5 × 10?3 S m?1) at room temperature. Both homopolymer and copolymer films exhibit well‐defined redox and satisfied coloration efficiency. Spectroelectrochemistry studies indicate that the P(BT‐E5‐BT‐co‐EDOT) has a lower band gap in the range of 1.83–1.90 eV and shows more plentiful electrochromic colours (green, blue, purple and salmon pink) compared with the homopolymer P(BT‐E5‐BT). The Copolymer P(BT‐E5‐BT‐co‐EDOT) shows the moderate optical contrast (26% of 480 nm) and coloration efficiency (205.41 cm?1 C?2). The copolymer method provides a novel way to fabricate a free‐standing organic electrochromic device. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 54, 1583–1592 相似文献
2.
Takahiro Gunji Yuki Hayashi Akemi Komatsubara Koji Arimitsu Yoshimoto Abe 《应用有机金属化学》2012,26(1):32-36
Acid‐catalyzed controlled hydrolytic polycondensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) provided polyalkoxysiloxanes PEOS and PMOS, with high molecular weight of 1100–12 000 or 2700–31 000, respectively. They were stable to self‐condensation, soluble in organic solvents, and especially characterized by high silica content of up to 62% (PEOS) and 72% (PMOS). Flexible and transparent free‐standing films with tensile strength of 1.6–5.2 MPa (PEOS) or 3.6–11.8 MPa (PMOS) were prepared by heating polyalkoxysilanes at 80°C for one to several days. They are also regarded to be a potential precursor for coatings and binders. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
3.
An ultrathin poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) buffer layer was developed to improve the performance of n‐channel organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs). The 8 nm‐thick PMMA film, prepared by spin‐coating, provided a very smooth surface and a uniform coverage on SiO2 surface reproducibly, which was confirmed by X‐ray reflectivity (XR) measurement. Then, we fabricated N,N′‐ditridecyl‐3,4,9,10‐perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI‐C13) thin‐film transistors with and without this 8 nm‐thick PMMA insulating layer on SiO2 gate insulators and achieved one‐order increase of field‐effect mobility (up to 0.11 cm2/(Vs) in a vacuum), one‐half decrease of threshold voltage, and reduction of current hysteresis with the PMMA layer. Only TFTs with the PMMA layer displayed n‐channel operation in air and showed field‐effect mobility of 0.10 cm2/(Vs). We consider that electrical characteristics of n‐channel OTFTs were considerably improved because the ultrathin PMMA film could effectively passivate the SiO2 insulator surface and decrease interfacial electron traps. This result suggests the importance of the ultrathin PMMA layer for controlling the interfacial state at the semiconductor/insulator interface and the device characteristics of OTFTs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
4.
Synthesis of organic sulfobetaine‐based polymer gel electrolyte for dye‐sensitized solar cell application
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We have synthesized eco‐friendly, economic, and equally efficient polysulfobetaine‐based gel electrolyte to the alternative of liquid electrolyte in the fabrication of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) for the first time. This nitrogen‐rich and highly conductive polysulfobetaine was synthesized by an easy and facile method without the use of any catalyst and explored for its DSSC application. The synthesized polymer gel electrolyte exhibited good ionic conductivity about 6.8 × 10?3 Scm?1 at ambient temperatures. DSSCs were fabricated based on this polysulfobetaine gel electrolyte and studied for their performance based on photovoltaic parameters. The DSSC photovoltaic results were appreciable and are Voc = 0.82 V, Jsc = 11.49 mA/cm2, FF = 66%, and PCE = 6.26% at 1 sun intensity. These values are slightly lower than conventional liquid electrolyte‐based DSSC shown as Voc = 0.78 V, Jsc = 12.90 mA/cm2, FF = 69%, and PCE = 7.07%, both at 100 mWcm?2. Conductivity and photovoltaic parameters of the device reveals that as prepared polysulfobetaine‐based polymer gel electrolyte may be useful in the fabrication of DSSC and other electrochemical devices. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
5.
Joseph W. Rumer Sheng‐Yao Dai Matthew Levick Laure Biniek David J. Procter Iain McCulloch 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2013,51(6):1285-1291
Two novel dihydropyrroloindoledione (DPID)‐based copolymers have been synthesized in a two directional approach and characterized (gel permeation chromatography (GPC), ultraviolet‐visible (UV–vis), cyclic voltammetry, and computational models). These planar, broad absorption copolymers show promise for use in organic electronics, with deep energy levels and low bandgaps. The two‐directional Knoevenagel condensation used demonstrates the versatility of DPID as a useful yet underexploited conjugated unit. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013 相似文献
6.
Ville Saarimaa Jere Manni Esko Kauppinen Antti Markkula Jyrki Juhanoja Bengt‐Johan Skrifvars 《Surface and interface analysis : SIA》2014,46(9):620-624
Hexavalent chromium containing pretreatments and primers for coil coating are soon to be entirely prohibited, which sets new demands for Cr‐free alternatives. Most of the presently used Cr‐free pretreatment layers operate predominantly via barrier formation and adhesion promotion mechanisms and lack the self‐healing effect typical for Cr6+‐pretreatments. This sets new demands also for the formation and monitoring of these layers. The barrier thickness and chemical composition of Cr‐free pretreatment layers on hot dip galvanized steel were studied using cross sections from broad ion beam (BIB) sample preparation and ultramicrotome cutting. BIB milling provided finely polished cross sections of pretreated samples. Film thicknesses of 20–50 nm were accurately determined for Cr‐free pretreatments containing 4–10 mg Ti/m2 using BIB milling and scanning electron microscopy imaging. Scanning transmission electron microscopy, integrated with aberration correctors and X‐ray energy dispersive spectrometry, of an ultramicrotome cut pretreated and painted samples provided detailed chemical information. Metal complexes were detected close to the pretreatment/zinc interface, while the polymeric part of the pretreatment layer prevailed closer to paint. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
7.
Michinari Kohri Yoshihiro Shinoda Hiroto Kohma Yuri Nannichi Mitsuaki Yamauchi Shiki Yagai Takashi Kojima Tatsuo Taniguchi Keiki Kishikawa 《Macromolecular rapid communications》2013,34(15):1220-1224
A free‐standing polymer brush film with tailored thicknesses based on a colorless polydopamine (PDA) thin layer is prepared and characterized. The surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) is performed on a PDA layer with thickness of ca. 6 nm, which generated an optically transparent and colorless free‐standing PHEMA brush film (1.5 cm × 1.5 cm). Because the cross‐linked PDA layer is used as the base for the polymer brushes, the reported method does not require cross‐linking the polymer brushes. The free‐standing film thicknesses of ≈16–75 nm are controlled by simply changing the ATRP reaction time. The results show that the free‐standing PHEMA brush film transferred onto a plate exhibits a relatively smooth surface and is stable in any solvent.
8.
Herein, three ionic liquid random copolymers (P) containing 1‐vinyl‐3‐butylimidazolium bromide (VBImBr) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) with various molar ratios were prepared using conventional free radical polymerization. Afterward, their corresponding chemically cross‐linked copolymers (XP) were formed similarly in the presence of polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEGDMA). The synthesized copolymers were characterized using FT‐IR, 1H NMR, and GPC. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that the rigidity and thermal stability of the copolymers depended on the ionic liquid content as well as the degree of cross‐linking. Gel polymer electrolytes were then prepared via obtained copolymers in the presence of a constant amount of synthesized imidazolium‐based ionic liquid. Among the copolymers, the P3 with in feed VBImBr:MMA molar ratio of 70:30 and the cross‐linked 1%‐XP3 copolymer prepared with 1 mol% of PEGDMA exhibited the highest conductivity and diffusion coefficients for I3¯ and I¯. The power conversion efficiency of the optimized linear and cross‐linked copolymers (P3 and 1%‐XP3) under the simulated AM 1.5 solar spectrum irradiation at 100 mW cm?2 were 3.49 and 4.13% in the fabricated dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), respectively. The superior long‐term stability and high performance of the gel electrolyte containing 1%‐XP3 suggested it as commercial gel electrolyte for future DSSCs. 相似文献
9.
《Surface and interface analysis : SIA》2018,50(7):705-712
We report the influence of 100 keV H+ ion beam irradiation on the surface morphology, crystalline structure, and transport properties of as‐deposited Al‐doped ZnO (Al:ZnO) thin films. The films were deposited on silicon (Si) substrate by using DC sputtering technique. The ion irradiation was carried out at various fluences ranging from 1.0 × 1012 to 3.0 × 1014 ions/cm2. The virgin and ion‐irradiated films were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Hall probe measurements. Using X‐ray diffraction spectra, 5 points Williamson‐Hall plots were drawn to deduce the crystallite site and strain in Al:ZnO films. The analysis of the measurements shows that the films are almost radiation resistant in the structural deformation under chosen irradiation conditions. With beam irradiation, the transport properties of the films are also preserved (do not vary orders of magnitude). However, the surface roughness and the crystallite size, which are crucial parameters of the ZnO film as a gas sensor, are at variation with the ion fluence. As ion fluence increases, the root‐mean‐square surface roughness oscillates and the surface undergoes for smoothening with irradiation at chosen highest fluence. The crystallite size decreases initially, increases for intermediate fluences, and drops almost to the value of the pristine film at highest fluence. In the paper, these interesting experimental results are discussed in correlations with ion‐matter interactions especially energy losses by the ion beam in the material. 相似文献
10.
Lijun Fan Hou Chen Zhihai Hao Zhi Tan 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2012,50(23):4871-4878
A novel high oil‐absorbing crosslinked gel was synthesized by copolymerization of butyl methacrylate (BMA) with a small amount of pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) crosslinker using single electron transfer‐living radical polymerization (SET–LRP) initiated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and catalyzed by Cu(0)/hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) in N, N‐dimethylformamide (DMF). The polymerization followed first‐order kinetics as indicated by linear increase of monomer concentration with reaction time. Effects of reaction temperature, crosslinker, initiator, and catalyst on the oil‐absorbing properties of the crosslinked gel were investigated in detail. The oil absorptions of the crosslinked gel to chloroform, toluene could reach 51.9, 34.5 g/g, respectively. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012 相似文献
11.
Lijun Fan Hou Chen Gaojian Lv Jinli Cao Yidong Fu 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2013,51(15):3233-3239
Crosslinking copolymerization of butyl methacrylate with a small amount of divinylbenzene (DVB) was carried out using single‐electron transfer‐living radical polymerization initiated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and catalyzed by Cu(0)/N‐ligand in N,N‐dimethylformamide to produce a highly oil‐absorbing gel. The polymerization, gelation process, and oil‐absorbing properties were studied in detail. Analysis of monomer conversion with reaction time showed that the polymerization followed first‐order kinetics for both linear and crosslinking polymerization before gelation. Higher levels of DVB led to earlier gelation and the influence of N‐ligand on gelation was also significant. Under optimal conditions, oil absorption of the prepared gel to chloroform could reach 42.1 g·g?1. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3233–3239 相似文献
12.
Mei‐Hsiu Lai Chu‐Chen Chueh Wen‐Chang Chen Jyh‐Lih Wu Fang‐Chung Chen 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2009,47(3):973-985
Synthesis, properties, and optoelectronic device applications of four new bis‐[4‐(2‐ethyl‐hexyloxy)‐phenyl]quinoxaline( Qx(EHP) )‐based donor‐acceptor conjugated copolymers are reported, in which the donors are thiophene( T ), dithiophene( DT ), dioctylfluorene( FO ), and didecyloxyphenylene( OC10 ). The optical band gaps (Eg) of PThQx(EHP) , PDTQ(EHP) , POC10DTQ(EHP) , and PFODTQ(EHP) estimated from the onset absorption are 1.57, 1.65, 1.77, and 1.92 eV, respectively. The smallest Eg of PThQx(EHP) among the four copolymers is attributed to the balanced donor/acceptor ratio and backbone coplanarity, leading to a strong intramolecular charge transfer. The hole mobilities obtained from the thin film transistor (TFT) devices of PThQx(EHP) , PDTQ(EHP) , POC10DTQ(EHP) , and PFODTQ(EHP) are 2.52 × 10?4, 4.50 × 10?3, 4.72 × 10?5, and 9.31 × 10?4 cm2 V?1 s?1, respectively, with the on‐off ratios of 2.00 × 104, 1.89 × 103, 4.07 × 103, and 2.30 × 104. Polymer solar cell based on the polymer blends of PFODTQ(EHP) , PThQx(EHP) , POC10DTQ(EHP) , and PDTQ(EHP) with [6, 6]‐phenyl C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) under illumination of AM1.5 (100 mW cm?2) solar simulator exhibit power conversion efficiencies of 1.75, 0.92, 0.79, and 0.43%, respectively. The donor/acceptor strength, molecular weight, miscibility, and energy level lead to the difference on the TFT or solar cell characteristics. The present study suggests that the prepared bis[4‐(2‐ethyl‐hexyloxy)‐phenyl]quinoxaline donor‐acceptor conjugated copolymers would have promising applications on electronic device applications. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 973–985, 2009 相似文献
13.
《中国化学》2017,35(8):1299-1304
A novel lath‐shaped CuO microassemble consisting of well‐crystalized ultrafine nanocrystals was prepared by an ionothermal method with the assistance of ionic liquids (ILs , 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate). As anode material of lithium ion batteries, the ILs‐CuO exhibits high specific capacity, durability and good rate performance, superior to bare CuO . At a high current density of 1000 mA •g−1, after 100 cycles, ILs‐CuO still retains a discharge capacity of 483.2 mAh •g−1. The improved electrochemical performances could be ascribed to the unique microscale lath‐shape CuO assembles composed of ultrafine nanostructure. 相似文献
14.
15.
Seon‐Kyoung Son Yoon‐Suk Choi Woo‐Hyung Lee Yongtaek Hong Jae‐Ryoung Kim Won‐Suk Shin Sang‐Jin Moon Do‐Hoon Hwang In‐Nam Kang 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2010,48(3):635-646
A series of new phenothiazylene vinylene‐based semiconducting polymers, poly[3,7‐(4′‐dodecyloxyphenyl)phenothiazylene vinylene] ( P1 ), poly[3,7‐(4′‐dodecyloxyphenyl)phenothiazylene vinylene‐alt‐1,4‐phenylene vinylene] ( P2 ), and poly[3,7‐(4′‐dodecyloxyphenyl)phenothiazylene vinylene‐alt‐2,5‐thienylene vinylene] ( P3 ), have been synthesized via a Horner‐Emmons reaction. FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopies confirmed that the configurations of the vinylene groups in the polymers were all‐trans (E). The weight‐averaged molecular weights (Mw) of P1 , P2 , and P3 were found to be 27,000, 22,000, and 29,000, with polydispersity indices of 1.91, 2.05, and 2.25, respectively. The thermograms for P1 , P2 , and P3 each contained only a broad glass transition, at 129, 167, and 155 °C, respectively, without the observation of melting features. UV–visible absorption spectra of the polymers showed two strong absorption bands in the ranges 315–370 nm and 450–500 nm, which arose from absorptions of the phenothiazine segments and the conjugated main chains. Solution‐processed field‐effect transistors fabricated from these polymers showed p‐type organic thin‐film transistor characteristics. The field‐effect mobilities of P1 , P2 , and P3 were measured to be 1.0 × 10?4, 3.6 × 10?5, and 1.0 × 10?3 cm2 V?1 s?1, respectively, and the on/off ratios were in the order of 102 for P1 and P2 , and 103 for P3 . Atomic force microscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis of thin films of the polymers show that they have amorphous structures. A photovoltaic device in which a P3 /PC71BM (1/5) blend film was used as the active layer exhibited an open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.42 V, a short circuit current (JSC) of 5.17 mA cm?2, a fill factor of 0.35, and a power conversion efficiency of 0.76% under AM 1.5 G (100 mW cm?2) illumination. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 635–646, 2010 相似文献
16.
Mingjian Yuan Matthew M. Durban Peter D. Kazarinoff David F. Zeigler Andrew H. Rice Yukari Segawa Christine K. Luscombe 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2013,51(19):4061-4069
Naphthalene diimide copolymers are attractive n‐type materials due to their high electron affinities, high electron mobilities, and exceptional stability. Herein, we report a series of NDI‐fused‐thiophene based copolymers with each copolymer differing in the number of fused thiophenes in the donor monomer. Increasing the number of fused‐thiophene moieties within an NDI‐copolymer backbone is shown to not only enable tuning of the electronic structure but also improve charge mobilities within the active layer of organic field‐effect transistors. Electron mobilities and on/off ratios as high as 0.012 cm2 V?1 s‐1 and Ion/Ioff > 105 were measured from n‐channel thin‐film transistors fabricated using NDI‐xfTh copolymers. Bulk heterojunction solar cell devices were also fabricated from the NDI‐xfTh copolymer series in blends with poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) with PNDI‐4fTh ‐ based devices yielding the largest Jsc (0.57 mA cm?2) and fill factor (55%) in addition to the highest measured PCE for this series (0.13%). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013 , 51, 4061–4069 相似文献
17.
Mitsuro Kato Toshihiko Ito Yoshitaka Aoyama Koji Sawa Takeshi Kaneko Noboru Kawase Hiroshi Jinnai 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2007,45(6):677-683
A three‐dimensional (3D) lamellar structure of a poly(styrene‐block‐isoprene) block copolymer was observed at submicrometer and micrometer levels by scanning electron microscopy combined with a focused ion beam (FIB–SEM). The 3D lamellar structure with an exceptionally large periodicity, about 0.1 μm, was successfully reconstructed, and the size of the reconstructed image by FIB–SEM was 6.0 × 6.0 × 4.0 μm3, which was greater than the transmission electron microtomography data, 3.8 × 3.9 × 0.24 μm3, by a factor of about 40. This result indicates that 3D reconstruction using FIB–SEM is quite useful for direct 3D observations, especially analyses of polymeric materials at the submicrometer and micrometer levels. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 677–683, 2007 相似文献
18.
In this study, an efficient and green procedure is explained for the preparation of 1‐amidoalkyl‐2‐naphthols applying one‐pot condensation reaction of 2‐naphthol, amide and aromatic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2@IL‐PVP) as a novel solid acid catalyst under solvent‐free conditions. The remarkable features of this method are short reaction time, high conversions, and high yield of product, easy workup procedures and solvent‐free conditions. The Fe3O4@SiO2@IL‐PVP catalyst was characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction patterns (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). Also, nanocatalysts could be easily recovered by a simple magnet and reused for the next reactions without significant loss of its catalytic activity. 相似文献
19.
Semicarbazide functionalized with chlorosulfonic acid on the surface of silica‐coated magnetic nanoparticles, {Fe3O4@SiO2@(CH2)3Semicarbazide‐SO3H/HCl}, as a novel magnetic Brønsted acid catalyst according to the aims of green chemistry was synthesized and fully characterized using Fourier transform infrared, UV–visible and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopies, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron, transmission electron and atomic force microscopies and thermogravimetric analysis. The capability and excellent activity of this nanoparticle catalyst were exhibited in the synthesis of two series of compounds with important biological activities, namely 3,3′‐(arylmethylene)bis(4‐hydroxycoumarin) and 1‐carbamato‐alkyl‐2‐naphthol derivatives, under mild, green and solvent‐free conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of the synthesis and application of {Fe3O4@SiO2@(CH2)3Semicarbazide‐SO3H/HCl} as Brønsted acid solid magnetic nanoparticles. Consequently the present study can open up a novel and promising intuition in the sequence of logical design, synthesis and applications of task‐specific Brønsted acid magnetic nanoparticle catalyst with favourable properties as a full‐fledged efficient material for sustainable approaches. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
M. Ohrlander A. Wirsn A.‐C. Albertsson 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1999,37(11):1643-1649
Poly(ε‐caprolactone) films (TONE® 787) were irradiated by electron beam in air prior to grafting in aqueous solutions of acrylamide. The grafting kinetics and molecular weight of the grafted poly(acrylamide) chains were studied with irradiation doses between 2.5 and 20 Mrad and in the Mohr's salt concentration range of 0.0025–1 wt %. The grafting rate and yield were strongly dependent on the Mohr's salt concentration. By molecular weight analysis of grafted poly(acrylamide) chains, it was shown that the molecular weight is approximately proportional to the mass of the grafted PAAm. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 1643–1649, 1999 相似文献