Li4SiO4对CO2捕集性能的实验研究

以Li₂CO₃和SiO₂为原料,通过高温固相合成法合成了CO₂捕集剂Li₄SiO₄,并用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所合成的材料在CO₂捕集前后的晶相变化以及微观结构进行了表征。通过热重分析仪(TGA)研究了Li₄SiO₄材料吸附CO₂的性能,并在小型热态实验台架上进行了CO₂热态捕集实验。实验结果表明,Li₄SiO₄对CO₂的捕集性能受Li₄SiO₄合成温度、CO₂的吸附温度以及气体中CO₂含量的影响,在700 ℃下制得的Li₄SiO₄具有最佳的CO₂吸附特性,最大吸附增量可达34%。Li₄SiO₄的吸附能力随着CO₂含量和吸附时间的增加而增加,当CO₂浓度分别为75%、67%、60%时,700 ℃ Li₄SiO₄对CO₂最大吸附量分别可达6.68 mmol/g、3.37 mmol/g、2.02 mmol/g (理论量8.33 mmol/g)。     

聚[吡咯-2,5-二(3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲烷)]的吸附性能研究

合成了具有类似开环卟啉结构的高分子——聚[吡咯-2,5-二(3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲烷)]。研究了该聚合物对Cu^2 和Mg^2 的吸附性能,讨论了吸附时间、吸附温度和体系pH对吸附量的影响。通过红外光谱分析对聚合物-金属络合物的结构进行了表征。     

N,N-双(二硫代羧基)二乙烯三胺乙基聚合物的合成及其吸附性能

以二乙烯三胺与二硫化碳反应生成中间体[N,N-双(二硫代羧基)二乙烯三胺],进而与1,2-二氯乙烷聚合生成N,N-双(二硫代羧基)二乙烯三胺乙基聚合物,用红外光谱确认了中间体和聚合物的结构.测定了聚合物对一部分重金属离子的吸附性能.结果表明,聚合物能定量地吸附某些重金属离子,对Ag+、Cu2+等离子有较高的吸附容量.     

二(β-氨基乙基)胺型聚苯乙烯树脂的合成和性能研究

以二乙烯三胺和氯甲基化聚苯乙烯树脂微球为起始原料,通过伯胺保护、树脂胺化、脱保护等3个步骤,合成了以二(β-氨基乙基)胺为功能基的聚苯乙烯树脂,分析了该树脂的结构,研究了其对Cu2+的螯合性能。与二乙烯三胺型树脂相比,本文合成的树脂具有吸附速度快、吸附容量大,脱附完全,易于重复使用等优点,对Cu2+吸附量达2.42mmol/g,脱附率为99.8%,吸附-脱附3次后,活性仍达95.0%。     

聚丙烯腈树脂基固态胺吸附剂的制备及其对CO_2吸附性能研究

以丙烯腈(AN)为单体,二乙烯苯(DVB)为交联剂,采用悬浮聚合法制备了多孔聚丙烯腈聚合物(PAN),进一步通过胺化反应制备了含有较高密度胺基的固态胺吸附材料.利用N2吸附-脱附等温线、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析(TG)等方法表征了吸附材料的结构和形貌.研究了有机胺化试剂类型对所制备的材料结构的影响,以及吸附温度、湿度等对其CO_2吸附性能的影响.研究结果表明,当吸附温度为25°C、流速为30 m L/min、CO_2浓度为10%、有机胺为四乙烯五胺(TEPA)时,固态胺吸附材料PAN-TEPA对CO_2的吸附量可达1.87 mmol/g.水的存在能显著提高PAN-TEPA的吸附量,饱和水蒸气下,其对CO_2的平衡吸附量为2.97 mmol/g.动力学研究发现,Avrami模型能很好地拟合PAN-TEPA在不同温度下的吸附过程,揭示PAN-TEPA对CO_2的吸附过程是物理吸附和化学吸附共同作用的效果.经过10次循环再生吸附后,PAN-TEPA的吸附量仍可以达到初始吸附量的98%.上述研究结果表明,PANTEPA对CO_2具有良好的吸附性能和稳定的再生性能,其在CO_2的捕集方面具有重要的应用前景.     

二乙烯三胺桥联聚倍半硅氧烷的合成及其对Au(Ⅲ)的吸附性能研究

以3-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷(CPTS)和二乙烯三胺(DETA)为原料,合成二乙烯三胺桥联单体;通过二乙烯三胺桥联单体的自凝胶及其在以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为致孔剂条件下的溶胶-凝胶反应中,分别合成了两种DETA桥联聚倍半硅氧烷吸附材料。比表面及孔径分析结果表明,CTAB的加入使材料的比表面积略有增加,而累积孔体积和平均孔径则显著增大。吸附实验结果表明,两种DETA桥联聚倍半硅氧烷材料对Au(Ⅲ)表现出优异的吸附能力,静态饱和吸附量高达5~6mmol/g,吸附动力学符合拟二级模型;等温吸附符合Langmuir吸附模型。     

以交联聚丙烯酸甲酯为载体的二乙烯三胺/铜(Ⅱ)络合物的合成及其对尿素的吸附性能

以大孔交联聚丙烯酸甲酯为原料,通过二乙烯三胺胺化和铜络合反应,合成了以交联聚丙烯酸甲酯为载体的二乙烯三胺/铜(Ⅱ)络合物,研究了这类高分子铜络合物在不同条件下对尿素的吸附性能.结果表明,高分子铜络合物对尿素的吸附主要是通过铜(Ⅱ)与尿素之间的配位作用进行的.在尿素浓度为130mg/dL,于pH为7的NaH₂PO₄-Na₂HPO₄缓冲溶液中,28℃时吸附4h,以交联聚丙烯酸甲酯为载体的二乙烯三胺/铜(Ⅱ)络合物对尿素的最大吸附量可达71.5mg/g.     

改性蓝藻基活性炭的制备及常压下对CO_2的捕集性能

以蓝藻为前驱体,采用KOH活化法制备了一系列蓝藻基活性炭;探讨了活化时间、活化温度以及碱炭比等活化参数对其孔结构的影响;进一步分别用HNO_3,HPO_4和NH_3·H_2O进行二次改性,制备了N或P原子掺杂的改性蓝藻基活性炭,研究了不同改性活性炭在25℃和1.01×10~5Pa条件下对CO_2的吸附捕集性能.结果表明,KOH活化的最佳活化时间为2 h,活化温度800℃,碱炭比为2.样品ACK-2-8在该条件下对CO_2的吸附量达到3.85 mmol/g.二次改性后的样品ACK-2-8-1,ACK-2-8-2和ACK-2-8-3对CO_2的吸附量分别高达4.41,3.97和4.63 mmol/g.N的掺杂有利于CO_2的吸附捕集.多批次重复再生实验结果表明,本材料对CO_2吸附再生具有较稳定的重复利用性.     

双底物诱导脂肪酶构象的固定及对底物的吸附特性

以聚乙二醇400二丙烯酸酯和三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯为原料,加入底物月桂酸和正丁醇对脂肪酶进行活性构象诱导,再经紫外光引发聚合、抽提和干燥后,获得了双底物诱导脂肪酶构象的聚合物(DSLP),对DSLP在30~60℃对配体的吸附能力进行研究。结果表明,DSLP对月桂酸和正丁醇的吸附能力大于空白聚合物(BP)和固定化酶聚合物(ILP),显示底物诱导使DSLP对其配体具有较好的吸附能力。升温有利于增加DSLP对配体吸附量,当温度从30℃升高到40℃时,DSLP对月桂酸的平衡吸附量由25.83mg/g提高到36.08mg/g,DSLP对正丁醇的平衡吸附量由16.82mg/g提高到20.46mg/g。但随着温度的进一步上升,吸附量增加不明显。     

尼莫地平分子印迹聚合物的制备及热力学性能研究

采用本体聚合法,以甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯(TMPTA)为交联剂、尼莫地平为模板分子,制备了分子印迹聚合物。运用平衡结合实验,研究了印迹聚合物对尼莫地平、尼群地平、非洛地平药物分子的选择性识别能力。3种药物的静态吸附分配系数KD值分别为0.221 4、0.197 2、0.051 4。结果表明分子印迹聚合物对尼莫地平有较高的选择性。测定了不同温度下印迹聚合物的吸附等温曲线,表明吸附等温线为Ⅰ型吸附等温线,且随着温度的升高吸附量降低,说明吸附过程是放热过程。为了进一步研究印迹聚合物的吸附机理,进行了热力学性质的研究,测定了不同温度下吸附过程的熵变、焓变和吉布斯自由能变化,实验结果表明吸附是焓控制过程。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.