On the positivity of linear weights in WENO approximations

High order accurate weighted essentially non-oscillatory （WENO） schemes have been used extensively in numerical solutions of hyperbolic partial differential equations and other convection dominated problems. However the WENO procedure can not be applied directly to obtain a stable scheme when negative linear weights are present. In this paper, we first briefly review the WENO framework and the role of linear weights, and then present a detailed study on the positivity of linear weights in a few typical WENO procedures, including WENO interpolation, WENO reconstruction and WENO approximation to first and second derivatives, and WENO integration. Explicit formulae for the linear weights are also given for these WENO procedures. The results of this paper should be useful for future design of WENO schemes involving interpolation, reconstruction, approximation to first and second derivatives, and integration procedures.     

Hybrid WENO schemes with different indicators on curvilinear grids

In {J. Comput. Phys. 229 (2010) 8105-8129}, we studied hybrid weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) schemes with different indicators for hyperbolic conservation laws on uniform grids for Cartesian domains. In this paper, we extend the schemes to solve two-dimensional systems of hyperbolic conservation laws on curvilinear grids for non-Cartesian domains. Our goal is to obtain similar advantageous properties as those of the hybrid WENO schemes on uniform grids for Cartesian domains. Extensive numerical results strongly support that the hybrid WENO schemes with discontinuity indicators on curvilinear grids can also save considerably on computational cost in contrast to the pure WENO schemes. They also maintain the essentially non-oscillatory property for general solutions with discontinuities and keep the sharp shock transition.     

An adaptive mesh method for 1D hyperbolic conservation laws

An adaptive method is developed for solving one-dimensional systems of hyperbolic conservation laws, which combines the rezoning approach with the finite volume weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme. An a posteriori error estimate, used to equidistribute the mesh, is obtained from the differences between respective numerical solutions of 5th-order WENO (WENO5) and 3rd-order ENO (ENO3) schemes. The number of grids can be adaptively readjusted based on the solution structure. For higher efficiency, mesh readjustment is performed every few time steps rather than every time step. In addition, a high order conservative interpolation is used to compute the physical solutions on the new mesh from old mesh based on the finite volume ENO reconstruction. Extensive examples suggest that this adaptive method exhibits more accurate resolution of discontinuities for a similar level of computational time comparing with that on a uniform mesh.     

A simple weighted essentially non-oscillatory limiter for the correction procedure via reconstruction (CPR) framework on unstructured meshes

In this paper, we adapt a simple weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) limiter, originally designed for discontinuous Galerkin (DG) schemes on two-dimensional unstructured triangular meshes [39], to the correction procedure via reconstruction (CPR) framework for solving nonlinear hyperbolic conservation laws on two-dimensional unstructured triangular meshes with straight or curved edges. This is an extension of our earlier work [4] in which the WENO limiter was designed for the CPR framework on regular meshes. The objective of this simple WENO limiter is to simultaneously maintain uniform high order accuracy of the CPR framework in smooth regions and control spurious numerical oscillations near discontinuities. The WENO limiter we adopt in this paper uses information only from the target cell and its immediate neighbors. Hence, it is particularly simple to implement and will not harm the conservativeness and compactness of the CPR framework. Since the CPR framework with this WENO limiter does not in general satisfy the positivity preserving property, we also extend the positivity-preserving limiters [36], [33] to the CPR framework. Numerical results for both scalar equations and Euler systems of compressible gas dynamics are provided to illustrate the good behavior of this procedure.     

WENO schemes with Lax–Wendroff type time discretizations for Hamilton–Jacobi equations

In this paper, a class of weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) schemes with a Lax–Wendroff time discretization procedure, termed WENO-LW schemes, for solving Hamilton–Jacobi equations is presented. This is an alternative method for time discretization to the popular total variation diminishing (TVD) Runge–Kutta time discretizations. We explore the possibility in avoiding the nonlinear weights for part of the procedure, hence reducing the cost but still maintaining non-oscillatory properties for problems with strong discontinuous derivative. As a result, comparing with the original WENO with Runge–Kutta time discretizations schemes (WENO-RK) of Jiang and Peng [G. Jiang, D. Peng, Weighted ENO schemes for Hamilton–Jacobi equations, SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 21 (2000) 2126–2143] for Hamilton–Jacobi equations, the major advantages of WENO-LW schemes are more cost effective for certain problems and their compactness in the reconstruction. Extensive numerical experiments are performed to illustrate the capability of the method.     

Relaxation WENO schemes for multidimensional hyperbolic systems of conservation laws

We present a class of high‐order weighted essentially nonoscillatory (WENO) reconstructions based on relaxation approximation of hyperbolic systems of conservation laws. The main advantage of combining the WENO schemes with relaxation approximation is the fact that the presented schemes avoid solution of the Riemann problems due to the relaxation approach and high‐resolution is obtained by applying the WENO approach. The emphasis is on a fifth‐order scheme and its performance for solving a wide class of systems of conservation laws. To show the effectiveness of these methods, we present numerical results for different test problems on multidimensional hyperbolic systems of conservation laws. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2007     

High order accurate semi-implicit WENO schemes for hyperbolic balance laws

In this paper we propose a family of well-balanced semi-implicit numerical schemes for hyperbolic conservation and balance laws. The basic idea of the proposed schemes lies in the combination of the finite volume WENO discretization with Roe’s solver and the strong stability preserving (SSP) time integration methods, which ensure the stability properties of the considered schemes [S. Gottlieb, C.-W. Shu, E. Tadmor, Strong stability-preserving high-order time discretization methods, SIAM Rev. 43 (2001) 89-112]. While standard WENO schemes typically use explicit time integration methods, in this paper we are combining WENO spatial discretization with optimal SSP singly diagonally implicit (SDIRK) methods developed in [L. Ferracina, M.N. Spijker, Strong stability of singly diagonally implicit Runge-Kutta methods, Appl. Numer. Math. 58 (2008) 1675-1686]. In this way the implicit WENO numerical schemes are obtained. In order to reduce the computational effort, the implicit part of the numerical scheme is linearized in time by taking into account the complete WENO reconstruction procedure. With the proposed linearization the new semi-implicit finite volume WENO schemes are designed.A detailed numerical investigation of the proposed numerical schemes is presented in the paper. More precisely, schemes are tested on one-dimensional linear scalar equation and on non-linear conservation law systems. Furthermore, well-balanced semi-implicit WENO schemes for balance laws with geometrical source terms are defined. Such schemes are then applied to the open channel flow equations. We prove that the defined numerical schemes maintain steady state solution of still water. The application of the new schemes to different open channel flow examples is shown.     

求解双曲守恒律方程的三阶修正模板WENO格式北大核心CSCD

为了降低经典的三阶加权本质无振荡(WENO)格式的数值耗散,提出了一种新的三阶WENO格式的修正模板近似方法.改进了经典WENO-JS格式中各候选模板上数值通量的一阶多项式逼近,通过加入二次项使模板逼近达到三阶精度.计算了相应的候选通量,并且通过引入可调函数φ(x),使得新的格式具有ENO性质.最后给出了一系列数值算例,证明了该方法的有效性.     

Low dissipative entropy stable schemes using third order WENO and TVD reconstructions

A low dissipative framework is given to construct high order entropy stable flux by addition of suitable numerical diffusion operator into entropy conservative flux. The framework is robust in the sense that it allows the use of high order reconstructions which satisfy the sign property only across the discontinuities. The third order weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) interpolations and high order total variation diminishing (TVD) reconstructions are shown to satisfy the sign property across discontinuities. Third order accurate entropy stable schemes are constructed by using third order WENO and high order TVD reconstructions procedures in the diffusion operator. These schemes are efficient and less diffusive since the diffusion is actuated only in the sign stability region of the used reconstruction which includes discontinuities. Numerical results with constructed schemes for various test problems are given which show the third order accuracy and less dissipative nature of the schemes.     

A class of the fourth order finite volume Hermite weighted essentially non-oscillatory schemes

In this paper, we developed a class of the fourth order accurate finite volume Hermite weighted essentially non-oscillatory (HWENO) schemes based on the work (Computers & Fluids, 34: 642–663 (2005)) by Qiu and Shu, with Total Variation Diminishing Runge-Kutta time discretization method for the two-dimensional hyperbolic conservation laws. The key idea of HWENO is to evolve both with the solution and its derivative, which allows for using Hermite interpolation in the reconstruction phase, resulting in a more compact stencil at the expense of the additional work. The main difference between this work and the formal one is the procedure to reconstruct the derivative terms. Comparing with the original HWENO schemes of Qiu and Shu, one major advantage of new HWENO schemes is its robust in computation of problem with strong shocks. Extensive numerical experiments are performed to illustrate the capability of the method. Corresponding author This work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10671097), the European project ADIGMA on the development of innovative solution algorithms for aerodynamic simulations, Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BK2006511)     

Effect of Flux Evaluation Methods on the Resolution and Robustness of the Two-Step Finite-Difference WENO Scheme

The resolution and the robustness of the weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme and two-step finite-difference WENO (TSFDWENO) schemes are compared by strictly using the same flux evaluation method and smoothness indicators. TSFDWENO schemes are defined to include a family of weighted compact nonlinear scheme (WCNS) and an alternative WENO scheme. Comparison results indicate that WCNS has a higher resolution than the WENO scheme, while the WENO scheme is more robust than WCNS. Additionally, various flux evaluation methods are combined with TSFDWENO schemes, and they are evaluated. Then, the effects of the flux evaluation methods on the resolution and robustness of the scheme are investigated, and the results show that the robustness and the resolution can be significantly altered by changing the flux evaluation method. This study reveals the advantage of being able to use various flux evaluation methods in the TSFDWENO scheme as well as the fair comparison of the WENO schemes and WCNS. On the other hand, these effects are marginalized when changing the interpolation and differencing method. Such knowledge can be important when selecting schemes for actual simulation and developing guidelines for scheme improvement.     

Numerical solution of a multi-class model for batch settling in water resource recovery facilities

In Torfs et al. (2017) a new unified framework to model settling tanks in water resource recovery facilities was proposed providing a set of partial differential equations (PDEs) modelling different settling unit processes in wastewater treatment such as primary and secondary settling tanks (PSTs and SSTs). The extension to a multi-class framework to deal with the distributed properties of the settling particles leads to a system of non-linear hyperbolic-parabolic PDEs whose solutions may contain very sharp transitions. This necessitates the use of a consistent and robust numerical method to obtain well-resolved and reliable approximations to the PDE solutions. The use of implicit–explicit Runge–Kutta (IMEX-RK) schemes, along with the weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) shock-capturing technology for the discretization of the set of equations, is advocated in this work. The versatility of the proposed unified framework is demonstrated through a set of numerical examples for batch settling occurring in both PSTs and SSTs, along with the efficiency and reliability of the numerical scheme.     

Symmetrical weighted essentially non‐oscillatory‐flux limiter schemes for Hamilton–Jacobi equations

In this paper, we propose a new scheme that combines weighted essentially non‐oscillatory (WENO) procedures together with monotone upwind schemes to approximate the viscosity solution of the Hamilton–Jacobi equations. In one‐dimensional (1D) case, first, we obtain an optimum polynomial on a four‐point stencil. This optimum polynomial is third‐order accurate in regions of smoothness. Next, we modify a second‐order ENO polynomial by choosing an additional point inside the stencil in order to obtain the highest accuracy when combined with the Harten–Osher reconstruction‐evolution method limiter. Finally, the optimum polynomial is considered as a symmetric and convex combination of three polynomials with ideal weights. Following the methodology of the classic WENO procedure, then, we calculate the non‐oscillatory weights with the ideal weights. Numerical experiments in 1D and 2D are performed to compare the capability of the hybrid scheme to WENO schemes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Survey of High Order Schemes for the Shallow Water Equations

In this paper, we survey our recent work on designing high order positivity-preserving well-balanced finite difference and finite volume WENO (weighted essentially non-oscillatory) schemes, and discontinuous Galerkin finite element schemes for solving the shallow water equations with a non-flat bottom topography. These schemes are genuinely high order accurate in smooth regions for general solutions, are essentially non-oscillatory for general solutions with discontinuities, and at the same time they preserve exactly the water at rest or the more general moving water steady state solutions. A simple positivity-preserving limiter, valid under suitable CFL condition, has been introduced in one dimension and reformulated to two dimensions with triangular meshes, and we prove that the resulting schemes guarantee the positivity of the water depth.     

High order Hybrid central—WENO finite difference scheme for conservation laws

In this article we present a high resolution hybrid central finite difference—WENO scheme for the solution of conservation laws, in particular, those related to shock–turbulence interaction problems. A sixth order central finite difference scheme is conjugated with a fifth order weighted essentially non-oscillatory WENO scheme in a grid-based adaptive way. High order multi-resolution analysis is used to detect the high gradients regions of the numerical solution in order to capture the shocks with the WENO scheme while the smooth regions are computed with the more efficient and accurate central finite difference scheme. The application of high order filtering to mitigate the dispersion error of central finite difference schemes is also discussed. Numerical experiments with the 1D compressible Euler equations are shown.     

基于新的参考光滑性指示子的改进的三阶WENO格式北大核心CSCD

针对计算流体力学对高精度高分辨率的需求,基于降低经典的三阶加权本质无振荡(WENO)格式的数值耗散特性,该文提出了一种新的参考光滑性指示子.其构造方法与经典的WENO-Z格式不同,它是通过候选子模板上重构多项式的导数的线性组合与整个全局模板上重构多项式的导数的L^(2)范数逼近获得的.采用该计算方法可以得到比WENO-Z格式更高阶的参考光滑性指示子,另外改变自由参数φ的取值,可以获得不同的参考光滑性指示子.该文通过一系列数值算例证明了该参考光滑性指示子的有效性.     

Mapped WENO schemes based on a new smoothness indicator for Hamilton–Jacobi equations

In this paper, we introduce an improved version of mapped weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) schemes for solving Hamilton–Jacobi equations. To this end, we first discuss new smoothness indicators for WENO construction. Then the new smoothness indicators are combined with the mapping function developed by Henrick et al. (2005) [31]. The proposed scheme yields fifth-order accuracy in smooth regions and sharply resolve discontinuities in the derivatives. Numerical experiments are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed schemes on a variety of one-dimensional and two-dimensional problems.     

High order finite volume schemes based on reconstruction of states for solving hyperbolic systems with nonconservative products. Applications to shallow-water systems

This paper is concerned with the development of high order methods for the numerical approximation of one-dimensional nonconservative hyperbolic systems. In particular, we are interested in high order extensions of the generalized Roe methods introduced by I. Toumi in 1992, based on WENO reconstruction of states. We also investigate the well-balanced properties of the resulting schemes. Finally, we will focus on applications to shallow-water systems.

     

基于ENO格式的三阶修正系数格式

不增加基点,仅摄动二阶ENO格式的系数(简记为MCENO),得到一类求解双曲型守恒律方程的三阶MCENO格式．由MCENO格式的构造过程可以看出,MCENO格式保留了ENO格式的许多性质,例如本质无振荡性、TVB性质等,且能提高一阶精度．进一步,利用MCENO格式模拟二维Rayleigh-Taylor(RT)不稳定性和Lax激波管的数值求解问题．数值结果表明,t=2.0时,MCENO格式的密度曲线处于三阶WENO格式和五阶WENO格式之间,是一个高效高精度格式．值得注意的是,三阶MCENO格式,三阶WENO格式和五阶WENO格式的CPU时间之比为0.62:1:2.19．表明相对于原始ENO格式,MCENO格式在光滑区域有较高精度,能提高格式精度．     

A Hybrid WENO Method with Modified Ghost Fluid Method for Compressible Two-Medium Flow Problems

In this paper, we develop a simplified hybrid weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) method combined with the modified ghost fluid method (MGFM) [31] to simulate the compressible two-medium flow problems. The MGFM can turn the two-medium flow problems into two single-medium cases by defining the ghost fluids state in terms of the predicted the interface state, which makes the material interface “invisible”. For the single medium flow case, we adapt between the linear upwind scheme and the WENO scheme automatically by identifying the regions of the extreme points for the reconstruction polynomial as same as the hybrid WENO scheme [55]. Instead of calculating their exact locations, we only need to know the regions of the extreme points based on the zero point existence theorem, which is simpler for implementation and saves computation time. Meanwhile, it still keeps the robustness and has high efficiency. Extensive numerical results for both one and two dimensional two-medium flow problems are performed to demonstrate the good performances of the proposed method.