欧盟化学品分类及标签法案即将出台

随着欧盟即将对欧盟的化学物质及制剂贸易商实施《化学品注册、评估及许可法规》（简称REACH法规）,有关化学品分类及标签方法的法规将会出台。新法规将与联合国的全球化学品分类及标签协调制度一致。欧委会已通过一项关于化学物质和混合剂分类、标签及包装的法规议案,并已纳入了联合国认可的分类准则及标签规则。     

陕西省土壤污染调查工作全面启动

根据国家环保总局的统一部署及省环保局《关于开展全省土壤污染状况调查工作的通知》精神，陕西省环保局不久前在西安召开了全省土壤污染调查工作安排及培训会议。全省11个市环保局及环境监测站负责土壤污染工作的负责人及相关技术人员40余人参加了此次会议。会上安排了陕西省土壤污染调查工作实施方案及各市承担的任务，提出了相关要求。省环境监测站就此次土壤污染调查工作及土壤污染调查中的采样技术，质量控制及仪器使用等技术进行了培训，并对各市提出的问题进行了解答。     

碳氢化合物的活化及氧化理论研究*

通过理论方法研究碳氢化合物的活化及氧化,可以对不同催化剂及氧化剂的反应机理形成深刻认识,从而指导设计合成更加高效的碳氢化合物活化及氧化催化剂。本文总结了近几年在碳氢化合物的活化及氧化领域的一些新进展,涉及的底物包括从甲烷到碳原子数等于6的烃类,而催化剂及氧化剂包括有机金属化合物和无机化合物（如分子筛催化剂、金属团簇和金属氧化物等）。文章底物的碳原子数为依据进行分类编排,对每一类底物的活化及氧化介绍不同催化剂及氧化剂的反应过程,着重比较了各类催化剂及氧化剂的异同。     

农林高校无机及分析化学基础课教学改革探索与实践

化学课程为农林专业不可或缺的基础课,无机及分析化学是化学课程的必要基础。无机及分析化学的教学质量对促进化学类课程质量提高,进而促进农林专业课程的提升甚为重要。本文分析比较了当前无机及分析化学线上线下教学方法,探讨了浙江农林大学无机及分析化学教学中存在的一些不足,提出无机及分析化学加强教学内容设计、交叉融合化学课程及专业课,缩小个体差异、满足学生个性化需求,改进教学模式、加强课程思政建设等解决方案。并在无机及分析化学教学中实践,教学效果得到明显改善,学生的学习效率、学习能力及化学思维能力明显提升。     

铝在阿尔茨海默氏病和帕金森氏病及透析病发病中的毒性及减轻铝负荷的药物研究进展

本文综述了近年来铝在阿尔茨海默氏病和帕金森氏病及透析脑、骨及血病发病中的毒性及减轻人体铝负荷的药物研究的进展。介绍了该类病的病理学及病源学的研究成果。减轻铝负荷的药物主要涉及了去铁胺、羟基吡啶酮、儿茶酚类、肌醇或其衍生物等铝的螫合剂。讨论了血中铁转移蛋白在铝的存储及传输中的作用。     

抗冲共聚聚丙烯结构研究进展

综述了已广泛应用于汽车及家电行业的抗冲共聚聚丙烯结构的研究进展,重点介绍了抗冲共聚聚丙烯组成、链结构及聚集态结构的研究方法及研究进展。阐述了典型抗冲共聚聚丙烯的组成、链结构及聚集态结构,总结了研究抗冲共聚物组成、链结构以及聚集态结构的研究方法。同时还回顾了聚合工艺条件对抗冲共聚聚丙烯的组成及链结构的影响规律以及组成及链结构对材料聚集态相结构的影响规律。最后重点回顾了异质多相体系的组成、链结构及聚集态相结构与性能之间的关系,展望了抗冲共聚聚丙烯领域的某些可能发展方向。     

多组分乳胶IPN′s体系的相容性和阻尼性能

用动态粘弹谱仪研究多组分乳胶ＩＰＮ’ｓ 体系网络的组成、配比、交联剂品种及用量等因素对体系相容性及阻尼性能的影响。结果表明：上述诸因素对多组分乳胶ＩＰＮ′ｓ 体系的相容性及阻尼性能均有较明显影响; 适当选择各网络的组成及配比、交联剂品种及用量,可得到综合性能优良的多组分乳胶ＩＰＮ′ｓ。     

2013年《色谱》征订启事

《色谱》是色谱领域的专业期刊,主要报道色谱学科的基础性研究成果,色谱及其交叉学科的重要应用科研成果及最新研究进展。适于科研院所及分析测试领域等从事色谱基础和应用技术研究的科研人员、色谱及其相关学科的硕士及博士研究生、色谱器件及仪器的开发人员阅读。     

第三届全国原子光谱及相关技术学术会议(第二轮通知)

由中国仪器仪表学会分析仪器分会原子光谱专业委员会主办,广西师范大学承办的第三届全国原子光谱及相关技术学术会议定于2014年9月13-15日在广西桂林市阳朔召开。这是我国原子光谱及相关技术领域的一次学术盛会,将为我国原子光谱及相关技术领域的科技人员和分析仪器厂商提供一个良好的交流机会。江桂斌院士任会议主席,会议将邀请院士、知名教授作大会报告,分析讨论原子光谱及相关技术领域的发展趋势和前沿动向。与会科技人员将交流展示各自在原子光谱及相关技术研究工作中的新成果、新技术、新经验。热诚欢迎全国从事原子光谱及相关技术工作的科     

2015年《色谱》征订启事

《色谱》是中国唯一的色谱专业期刊,主要报道色谱学科的基础性研究成果,色谱及其交叉学科的重要应用科研成果及最新研究进展。适于科研院所及分析测试领域等从事色谱基础和应用技术研究的科研人员、色谱及其相关学科的硕士及博士研究生、色谱器件及仪器的开发人员阅读。     

Preparation and properties of polyurethane networks based on α,ω-difunctional poly(hexafluoropropylene oxide)

Poly(hexafluoropropylene oxide), poly(HFPO), networks were prepared from functional polymers by end linking via urethane groups. The prepolymers were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and GPC. The networks were characterized by determination of the number of network chains from the shear modulus, and were snown to contain both trifunctional crosslinks and difunctional links. The properties of the networks were investigated by a range of techniques. Compared with fully-fluorinated networks formed via triazine cross-links, investigated previously, the urethane-linked networks were more readily prepared but were poorer elastomers, were less thermally stable, and were less resistant to swelling by common polar solvents. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

系列甘露糖醛酸寡糖的制备与鉴定

用酸降解法制备了系列甘露糖醛酸寡糖(聚合度2～8),并分析测定了寡糖的结构. 褐藻胶经部分酸水解,于pH=2.85处分级获得聚甘露糖醛酸. 继续用酸降解法降解聚甘露糖醛酸,经凝胶柱层析分离纯化,获得系列甘露糖醛酸寡糖. 用荧光标记糖电泳(FACE)对寡糖进行了分析,并用电喷雾离子化质谱(ESI-MS)、 核磁共振波谱(NMR)及红外光谱(FTIR)进行了结构表征. 本研究用酸降解法制备饱和甘露糖醛酸寡糖,用凝胶柱层析法分离获得系列聚合度的寡糖,为褐藻胶大分子构效关系研究和药物的筛选与发现提供了重要的基础资料.     

CO2加氢合成二甲醚的催化剂的制备

先采用均匀沉淀法制备出CuO—ZnO催化剂,然后以CuO—ZnO催化剂作为晶核采用水热合成法制备出CuO—ZnO／HZSM-5（氢型ZSM-5分子筛）复合催化剂．利用X射线衍射和氨程序升温脱附手段对复合催化剂进行表征,并应用于CO2催化加氢合成二甲醚的反应．研究结果表明,在相同的反应条件下,这种CuO—ZnO／HZSM-5复合催化剂与采用物理混合法制备出的复合催化剂相比具有更好的催化效果,不但提高了CO2的转化率、二甲醚的选择性以及二甲醚和甲醇的总选择性,同时还改善了催化剂的稳定性．     

苯丙烯类葡萄糖氧苷的合成及其抗缺氧活性

以取代苯甲醛(1a~1t)为原料,通过Knoevenagel缩合、酯化和LiAlH₄还原等反应制得苯丙烯醇衍生物(3a~3t);以取代肉桂醛(1u~1x)为原料,经NaBH₄还原制得苯丙烯醇衍生物(3u~3x); 3a~3x与全乙酰化溴代葡萄糖经Koenigs-Knorr偶联反应及MeONa/MeOH体系脱除乙酰保护基反应,合成了24个苯丙烯类葡萄糖氧苷(5a~5x),其中5c,5f ~ 5x为新化合物,其结构经¹H NMR和ESI-MS表征。采用MTT法测定了5对缺氧损伤的内皮细胞(EA.hy926)的抗缺氧活性。实验结果表明： 5b, 5e, 5g, 5p, 5q, 5s, 5t和5y对EA.hy926的抗缺氧活性均高于经景天苷。     

Rigid-rod polymers with polysiloxane side chains. I. Synthesis and characterization of rigid-rod polyimides with polysiloxane side chains and their compatibility with linear polysiloxanes

Rigid-rod aromatic polyimdies having polydimethylsiloxane side chains were prepared for the purpose of dispersing rigid-rod molecules in silicone matrices for molecular reinforcement. The polyimides were obtained by imidizing the polyamide-acids bearing the side chains either thermally or chemically, which were synthesized by reacting 4,4′-diaminobiphenyl-terminated polysiloxane macromonomers with pyromellitic dianhydride in THF. The polyamide-acid films obtained by removing the solvent were soluble in THF, but the polyimides were insoluble in any common solvent. The polyimides showed no melting transition below 350°C on DSC analysis, at which temperature the side chain started decomposing. Although all the polyimides were anisotropic as observed by a polarizing microscope, x-ray diffraction analysis suggested the presence of only limited chain organization. Blends with linear polydimethylsiloxanes were prepared by casting the THF solution containing the polyamide-acid and the polydimethylsiloxane, followed by solvent evaporation and thermal imidization. With relatively longer side chains, the polyimides were proved to be compatibilized with polydimethylsiloxanes. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Fermented Oyster Extract Attenuated Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy by Decreasing Oxidative Stress

It is well known that oxidative stress induces muscle atrophy, which decreases with the activation of Nrf2/HO-1. Fermented oyster extracts (FO), rich in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and lactate, have shown antioxidative effects. We evaluated whether FO decreased oxidative stress by upregulating Nrf2/HO-1 and whether it decreased NF-κB, leading to decreased IL-6 and TNF-α. Decreased oxidative stress led to the downregulation of Cbl-b ubiquitin ligase, which increased IGF-1 and decreased FoxO3, atrogin1, and Murf1, and eventually decreased muscle atrophy in dexamethasone (Dexa)-induced muscle atrophy animal model. For four weeks, mice were orally administered with FO, GABA, lactate, or GABA+Lactate, and then Dexa was subcutaneously injected for ten days. During Dexa injection period, FO, GABA, lactate, or GABA+Lactate were also administered, and grip strength test and muscle harvesting were performed on the day of the last Dexa injection. We compared the attenuation effect of FO with GABA, lactate, and GABA+lactate treatment. Nrf2 and HO-1 expressions were increased by Dexa but decreased by FO; SOD activity and glutathione levels were decreased by Dexa but increased by FO; NADPH oxidase activity was increased by Dexa but decreased by FO; NF-κB, IL-6, and TNF-α activities were increased by Dexa were decreased by FO; Cbl-b expression was increased by Dexa but restored by FO; IGF-1 expression was decreased by Dexa but increased by FO; FoxO3, Atrogin-1, and MuRF1 expressions were increased by Dexa but decreased by FO. The gastrocnemius thickness and weight were decreased by Dexa but increased by FO. The cross-sectional area of muscle fiber and grip strength were decreased by Dexa but increased by FO. In conclusion, FO decreased Dexa-induced oxidative stress through the upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1. Decreased oxidative stress led to decreased Cbl-b, FoxO3, atrogin1, and MuRF1, which attenuated muscle atrophy.     

分子三维投影法在苯酚类化合物构效关系研究中的应用

对苯酚类化合物进行三维投影得到了5个形状参数,将其与3个Am指数及8个量子化学参数相结合.由最佳变量子集回归法对变量进行了压缩与选择,运用多元回归分析和人工神经网络法分别构造了预测数学模型,得到了满意的结果.     

污泥中常规生物指标的检测

介绍了污泥中三种常规生物检测指标,即细菌总数、粪大肠菌群和蛔虫卵的检测方法。污泥中细菌总数的检测采用平皿计数法,先将污泥样品稀释后选取2~3个适宜的稀释度进行培养;污泥中粪大肠菌群的检测采用多管发酵法,分别将稀释后的污泥混悬液接种于乳糖蛋白胨培养基和EC培养液中进行初发酵和复发酵实验;污泥中蛔虫卵的检测采用漂浮法,利用饱和硝酸钠溶液的比重大于蛔虫卵的原理,通过分离、离心、洗涤等步骤将样品中的蛔虫卵集中于载物玻片上镜检计数。文章对污水处理厂检测及排放污泥有一定的指导意义。     

蒸馏-萃取法与溶剂萃取法提取杏果实香气成分的比较

采用水蒸气蒸馏一萃取法和溶剂萃取法提取杏果香成分,用气相色谱一质谱联用测定其化学成分和质量分数,并对两种提取方法进行了比较。水蒸气蒸馏一萃取法提取的杏果香成分是74种,占总峰面积的73．604％;溶剂萃取法提取的杏果香成分是32种,占总峰面积的44．677％,两者相同的成分有21种。溶剂萃取法提取的主要是烷烃类化合物,水蒸气蒸馏萃取法提取的主要化合物为G醛类、C6醇类、内酯类、萜烯醇类、酮类、烷烃类等。结果表明：水蒸气蒸馏-萃取法能较好地提取杏果实香气成分。     

新型取代苯甲胺葡萄糖氮苷的合成及其抗缺氧活性

以取代苯甲醛(1a~1s)为原料,通过三条路线［A:1a~1o为起始原料,经硼氢化钠还原和溴代反应制得苄基溴衍生物(3a~3o); 3a~3f与邻苯丁二酰亚胺经Gabriel反应制得N-苯甲基邻苯丁二酰亚胺衍生物(4a~4f); 4a~4f与水合肼反应后与D-吡喃葡萄糖反应合成了N-β-D吡喃葡萄糖苯甲胺类化合物(6a~6f)。 B: 3g~3o与全乙酰化D-吡喃葡萄糖胺反应制得全乙酰化葡萄糖氮苷5g~5o; 5g~5o在MeONa-MeOH中脱除乙酰基合成了6g~6o。 C: 1p~1s与全乙酰化D-吡喃葡萄糖胺反应制得全乙酰化葡萄糖氮苷5p~5s; 5p~5s经MeONa-MeOH脱除乙酰基合成了6p~6s］合成了19个取代苯甲胺N-β-D吡喃葡萄糖氮苷类似物(6a~6s,其中6a, 6b, 6e, 6f, 6j, 6n~6q, 6s为新化合物),其结构经¹H NMR和ESI-MS表征。采用MTT法研究了6a~6s对缺氧内皮细胞代谢活力的影响。结果表明： 6a, 6g, 6h和6l的抗缺氧活性优于红景天苷。