中国古代化学史研究的拓荒者——张子高

全面介绍我国老一辈化学教育家和古代化学史研究的拓荒者——张子高教授.介绍他为我国早期化学教育作出的卓越贡献,介绍他开创性地使用现代化学研究方法对我国古代化学史进行研究以及所取得的标志性成果.     

中国化学史研究的开拓者——王琎

王琎是我国著名的分析化学家、化学史家与化学教育家。回顾了王琎教授的一生并着重介绍了王琎教授从事中国化学史研究、化学教育研究所取得的显著成果及他所开创的运用实验分析与历史考证相结合研究中国化学史的方法。     

导演“故事”须严谨聆听“故事”须用心——对化学实验的一点认识和思考

做化学实验是从事化学相关领域研究及开发工作的人所采用的最主要研究手段。将“化学实验”与“故事”进行类比：化学工作者做一个化学实验就好比是他导演了一个“故事”,而做此实验的整个过程也如同是他在聆听这一个“故事”。化学工作者进行化学实验的目的,就是要把“故事”听懂。就怎么样才能够更好地把“故事”听懂以保证化学实验成效的问题,以合成制备实验为例从几个方面进行了阐述。     

土壤胶体化学家虞宏正的学术思想与科学贡献

虞宏正是我国著名的胶体化学与物理化学家、教育家。他扎根西北,融汇世界思想,形成了颇具价值的学术思想,至今仍是当代科学研究的精髓与主导思想。他毕生致力于胶体化学、热力学研究,建立了新的分支学科,开创了土壤科学研究所,培育了几代化学科学家,为中国化学学科和农业科学的发展做出了重要的贡献。     

四访中国化学界

F.Basolo是美国西北大学教授,著名的无机化学家,美国科学院院士,美国化学会前任主席,我国兰州大学名誉教授。他的研究工作以配合物化学见长,先后发表学术论文370多篇。他自1979年以来曾四次访华,与我国化学界人士有广泛接触。他热情关注着我国近年来发生的巨大变化,为中美两国的文化、学术交流做了大量。作。这里发表他应本刊约请写的一篇专稿,供读者参考。     

学优生和学困生化学信息迁移题表征的差异研究

化学信息迁移题的表征层次主要有字面表征、模型表征、化学原理表征。本研究通过口语报告、访谈以及问卷调查的形式对高一学生解决化学信息迁移题的过程进行了调查,结果发现,学优生和学困生在解决化学信息迁移题的时候都要依次建立这3种表征层次,然而在建立的各个表征层次上又存在着差异,特别是学优生和学困生在信息提取能力、知识结构以及所采用的解题策略方面存在着显著的差异。     

中学生化学自学能力现状的调查与分析

自学能力是学生独立地探求新知识与新技能的能力,其直接影响着学生个人的可持续发展。本文从化学阅读、化学课后作业、复习、学习方式、化学课堂实验及家庭小实验等方面对武汉市3所中学部分学生进行了调查,并对中学生化学自学能力现状作了分析,试图为中学化学教育改革及教学工作提供一定的参考信息。     

Joe Breen博士与绿色化学

介绍JoeBreen博士为绿色化学发展所做出的杰出贡献和后人为缅怀他而设立的奖励和举行的会议     

杰出的化学家、教师和诗人——罗德·霍夫曼

罗德·霍夫曼(Roald Hoffmann)的名字将永载化学史册。在年仅28岁时,他的名字已为大学生所熟悉了,他就是“伍德沃德-霍夫曼     

鲍林获1984年普里斯特利奖

由于鲍林对化学的贡献,他已被提名为1984年的普里斯特利(priestley)奖的获得者。该奖是美国化学会的最高荣誉奖,这也将成为鲍林所获得的一系列奖中的最新荣誉,包括他在1954年获得的诺贝尔化学奖和1962年获得的诺贝尔和平奖。鲍林长期致力于研究化学键和分子结构的本质,近年来也开展了一些把化学应用于生物学和医学的课题。六十年的理论和实验的研究,使他成为化学史上     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.