AuPd/SiO_2催化剂用于无溶剂条件下分子氧液相氧化甲苯

采用浸渍法和溶胶负载法制备了一系列Au-Pd双金属催化剂,用氮吸附法,X光粉末衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(TPR),扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对催化剂进行了表征.以分子氧为氧化剂,在无任何其它溶剂存在的条件下,考察了催化剂制备方法、不同类型载体、Au/Pd原子比、浸渍顺序、活化温度、催化剂用量及反应时间等多种因素对甲苯选择氧化反应的影响.实验结果表明:对SiO_2载体,以共浸渍法制备的催化剂活性和选择性最好;TiO_2载体,以溶胶负载法制备的催化剂活性和选择性较好;Au Pd双金属催化剂比单金或者单钯催化剂具有更好的催化活性.其中Au Pd/SiO_2-I催化剂使甲苯转化率达到56.8%,苯甲酸苄酯的选择性为9 1.3%,TON值为3692.Au Pd/SiO_2-I催化剂中氧化态的钯和零价金更利于催化剂中的电子传递从而利于催化氧化反应的进行.     

负载钴催化剂的合成及其催化环己烷和甲苯选择氧化的研究

 采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了系列负载型钴催化剂,并将其用于催化环己烷和甲苯选择氧化制备环己醇、环己酮和苯甲酸的反应. 考察了不同钴含量、催化剂焙烧温度、反应温度、反应时间和压力对催化剂活性的影响. 结果表明,在3%Co/Al(OH)x-150上环己烷的转化率为15.1%,环己醇和环己酮的选择性为91.2%; 在V(乙酸)∶V(甲苯)＝1∶8的条件下,在1%Co/Al(OH)x-150上甲苯的转化率为48.9%,苯甲酸的选择性为96.1%. 采用AES,BET,XRD及XPS等技术对催化剂进行了表征.     

多壁碳纳米管负载铂的甲苯加氢脱芳催化剂

以多壁碳纳米管(CNTs)为载体制备了负载型Pt催化剂Pt/CNTs并将其用于催化甲苯加氢脱芳(HDA)反应.结果表明,在1.0%Pt/CNTs催化剂上,在0.4MPa,373K,PhCH3/H2摩尔比=6/94和GHSV=120L/(h.g)的反应条件下,甲苯转化率可达100%,比反应速率为0.0523mmol/(s.m2),分别是γ-Al2O3和AC负载各自最佳Pt负载量催化剂1.4%Pt/γ-Al2O3和2.4%Pt/AC上相应值的1.17和1.18倍.甲苯加氢产物全部为甲基环己烷,其他可能的加氢产物均在气相色谱检测限以下.催化剂的表征研究揭示,用CNTs代替γ-Al2O3或AC作为载体并不会引起所负载Pt催化剂上甲苯HDA反应的表观活化能发生明显变化.与γ-Al2O3或AC负载的相应催化剂相比,一方面,CNTs负载的Pt催化剂易于在较低温度下还原活化,并且其工作态催化剂表面催化活性Pt物种(Pt0)所占表面Pt摩尔分率有所提高;另一方面,CNTs负载的Pt催化剂对H2具有较高的吸附/活化和储存能力.这些促进效应对催化剂HDA活性的提高都有重要贡献.     

组合型Pt/TiO_2催化剂用于低温催化甲苯完全氧化

将均匀分布的纳米Pt粒子直接吸附到TiO2载体上,即制得了组合型Pt/TiO2催化剂(Pt/TiO2-AS).与浸渍法制备的Pt/TiO2催化剂(Pt/TiO2-WI)比较,Pt/TiO2-AS催化剂在催化甲苯完全氧化反应中表现出了很好的催化性能,甲苯转化率为100%时的反应温度低至150°C,而且即使在较高甲苯浓度和较高气体空速下,该催化剂也能保持较好的催化性能.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、N2吸附-脱附(BET)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、氢气程序升温还原(H2-TPR)及傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱等对两种Pt/TiO2催化剂的结构和表面性能进行了表征.结果表明组合型Pt/TiO2-AS催化剂粒径小(2.5 nm),活性组分主要以Pt0形式存在且分布在载体表面,而且载体表面Ti―O键活化使催化剂具有较强的催化氧化能力.另外,活性中心的价态变化(Pt0→Ptδ+)是导致Pt/TiO2-AS催化剂失活的主要原因.     

Polymeric Carbon Nitride/Mesoporous Silica Composites as Catalyst Support for Au and Pt Nanoparticles

Small and homogeneously dispersed Au and Pt nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared on polymeric carbon nitride (CN_x)/mesoporous silica (SBA‐15) composites, which were synthesized by thermal polycondensation of dicyandiamide‐impregnated preformed SBA‐15. By changing the condensation temperature, the degree of condensation and the loading of CN_x can be controlled to give adjustable particle sizes of the Pt and Au NPs subsequently formed on the composites. In contrast to the pure SBA‐15 support, coating of SBA‐15 with polymeric CN_x resulted in much smaller and better‐dispersed metal NPs. Furthermore, under catalytic conditions the CN_x coating helps to stabilize the metal NPs. However, metal NPs on CN_x/SBA‐15 can show very different catalytic behaviors in, for example, the CO oxidation reaction. Whereas the Pt NPs already show full CO conversion at 160 °C, the catalytic activity of Au NPs seems to be inhibited by the CN_x support.     

Pd-Sn-K/SiO2催化剂上甲苯气相氧乙酰化反应

 在常规固定床流动反应体系中研究了Pd-Sn-K/SiO2催化剂上气/固相氧化条件下甲苯与乙酸一步合成乙酸苄酯的反应. 结果表明,金属态钯是催化甲苯氧乙酰化合成乙酸苄酯的高活性组分,锡化合物的存在可明显提高催化剂的活性. 催化剂的活性与制备方法密切相关,用H2将SiO2上负载的钯化合物还原之后再负载锡化合物所得催化剂的活性较高. XRD分析结果表明,钯还原前负载锡化合物所得催化剂的活性大幅度降低的原因在于Pd和Sn形成了金属间化合物. 使用Pd/SiO2质量比为0.015, K∶Sn∶Pd摩尔比为27∶3∶1的Pd-Sn-K/SiO2催化剂,在反应温度为180 ℃,混合原料气甲苯∶乙酸∶氧气∶氮气摩尔比为1∶4∶1∶4以及空速为 1680 h-1的条件下,甲苯转化率可达25.3%, 乙酸苄酯选择性为91%. 以TiO2和ZrO2代替SiO2载体,或以其它变价金属氧化物代替Sn氧化物助剂或金属钯,均未发现有更好的催化效果.     

Pt/MgO 催化剂上甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应

用浸渍法制备了Pt/MgO催化剂,并采用X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、透射电子显微镜和程序升温表面反应等技术对催化剂进行了表征.考察了催化剂对甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应的催化性能.结果表明,Pt/MgO催化剂具有较高的催化活性和选择性,甲烷转化率与合成气选择性在120 h内保持稳定.以金属状态存在的Pt对甲烷分解具有较高的活性,从而使催化剂对甲烷部分氧化反应具有较高的催化活性.活性组分Pt的存在状态和分散状态非常稳定,而Pt/MgO催化剂具有较强的抗积碳能力,使得催化剂在甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应中具有较高的稳定性.     

Au/ZrO2催化CO氧化反应中ZrO2纳米粒子的尺寸效应

从同一ZrO(OH)2出发制备了三种不同尺寸的ZrO2纳米颗粒(ZrO2-CP：40-200nm,ZrO2-AN;18～25nm,ZrO2-AD：10～15nm),采用沉积-沉淀方法制备了相应的Au/ZrO2催化剂,用XRD,XRF,TEM和低温N2吸附对ZrO2和Au/ZrO2进行了表征．XRD和TEM分析表明Au/ZrO2样品中Au粒子的平均尺寸为4～5nm,而Zr02的晶相和颗粒大小没有因为“负载”Au粒子而发生变化．CO催化氧化反应的结果表明,Au／ZrO2催化活性随着ZrO2纳米粒子尺寸的减小活性明显增加．TEM／HRTEM结果表明,Au／ZrO2催化剂中Au粒子与ZrO2颗粒接触界面随ZrO2颗粒尺寸的减小而明显增加,这很可能是含有更小尺寸ZrO2纳米粒子的Au／ZrO2催化剂具有更高催化活性的重要原因。     

Pt／NM,Pd／NM催化剂上甲苯深度氧化反应动力学

在氧气过量的条件下，考察了Ｐｔ／ＮＭ、Ｐｄ／ＮＭ催化剂上甲苯深度氧化反应动力学及反应活性。Ｐｔ／ＮＭ催化剂对甲苯的氢化活性高于Ｐｄ／ＮＭ，深度氧化反应服从反应物强吸附双分子反应Ｌｔａｎｇｍｕｉｒ－Ｈｉｎｓｈｅｌｗｏｏｄ机理，其动力学方程为：相应的动力学参数，Ｐｔ／ＮＭ为：活化能△Ｅ＝４９．９ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，吸附热Ｑ＝－２９．６ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ；Ｐｄ／ＮＭ为：△Ｅ＝９４．２ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，Ｑ＝－１９．１ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ．     

High-Loading Pt Single-Atom Catalyst on CeO2-Modified Diatomite Support

Single-atom catalysis has become a new branch in heterogeneous catalysis. Although the naturally produced SiO₂-based materials are abundant and stable, fabrication of single-atom catalysts on such supports with high loading remains as a formidable challenge due to the lack of bonding sites to anchor the isolated metal species. Herein, modifying the diatomite, a kind of pure SiO₂ mineral, with CeO₂ nanoparticles is demonstrated to increase the defect sites on the support. The enhanced metal-support interaction maintains the atomic dispersion of Pt species with above 1 wt.% loading, exhibiting good performance in the selective hydrogenation of phenylacetylene to styrene.     

Surfactant‐Encapsulated Polyoxometalates as Immobilized Supramolecular Catalysts for Highly Efficient and Selective Oxidation Reactions

A type of interesting immobilized supramolecular catalysts based on surfactant‐encapsulated polyoxometalates has been developed for oxidation reactions. Through a sol‐gel process with tetraethyl orthosilicate, hydroxyl‐terminated surfactant‐encapsulated polyoxometalate complexes have been covalently and uniformly bound to a silica matrix with unchanged complex structure. The formed hybrid catalysts possess a defined hydrophobic nano‐environment surrounding the inorganic clusters, which is conducive to compatibility between the polyoxometalate catalytic centres and organic substrates. The supramolecular synergy between substrate adsorption, reaction, and product desorption during the oxidation process has been found to have an obvious influence on the reaction kinetics, with the activity of the catalyst being greatly improved. The supramolecular catalysts performed effectively in the selective oxidation of several different kinds of organic compounds, such as alkenes, alcohols, and sulfides, and the main products were the corresponding epoxides, ketones, sulfoxides, and sulfones. More significantly, the catalyst could be easily recovered by simple filtration, and the catalytic activity was well retained for at least five cycles. Finally, the present strategy has proved to be a general route for the fabrication of supramolecular hybrid catalysts containing common polyoxometalates suitable for various purposes.     

超细Fe-V-O催化剂上甲苯液相氧化制苯甲醛

分别采用共沉淀法,凝胶自燃烧法和水热法制备了Fe-V-O复合氧化物催化剂用于催化过氧化氢液相氧化甲苯制苯甲醛反应中,并采用N2等温吸附-脱附法,粉末X射线衍射,红外光谱,扫描电子显微镜,能量弥散X射线光谱和H2程序升温还原等方法对催化剂性质进行了表征.结果表明,制备方法显著影响催化剂的结构,比表面积,形貌,表面元素组成和还原性.Fe-V-O催化剂颗粒的超细化调变了其比表面积和还原性,从而改善了催化剂上甲苯液相氧化制苯甲醛反应性能.其中水热法制备的超细Fe-V-O催化剂具有最高的苯甲醛收率和较好的重复使用性能.这主要归因于该催化剂颗粒尺寸小,比表面积大,以及表面较多的活性钒氧物种和适宜的还原性.     

Pt/Al2O3/WO3/ZrO2催化剂对正己烷异构化反应的催化性能

 通过浸渍法制备了系列Pt/Al2O3/WO3/ZrO2催化剂样品,采用X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱和程序升温还原等方法表征了催化剂的结构、表面酸性和氧化还原性能,考察了不同反应条件下催化剂对正己烷异构化反应的催化性能. 结果表明, Pt的加入显著改变了WO3/ZrO2载体的氧化还原性,并使催化剂由单一的酸中心催化变成由酸中心与金属中心共同催化; Al2O3的加入增强了WO3与ZrO2之间的相互作用,增加了催化剂的Lewis酸位. 在n(H2)/n(n-C6H14)=1.5, WHSV=0.7 h-1, m(cat)=2.0 g, p=1.0 MPa, θ=220 ℃和t=3 h的反应条件下, Pt/Al2O3/WO3/ZrO2催化剂上正己烷的转化率和2,2-二甲基丁烷的选择性分别达到84.9%和22.9%,裂解反应产物的收率低于1.5%. 经 1000 h的寿命试验,催化剂没有出现失活.     

Merging N-Hydroxyphthalimide into Metal-Organic Frameworks for Highly Efficient and Environmentally Benign Aerobic Oxidation

Two highly efficient metal-organic framework catalysts TJU-68-NHPI and TJU-68-NDHPI have been successfully synthesized through solvothermal reactions of which the frameworks are merged with N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) units, resulting in the decoration of pore surfaces with highly active nitroxyl catalytic sites. When t-butyl nitrite (TBN) is used as co-catalyst, the as-synthesized MOFs are demonstrated to be highly efficient and recyclable catalysts for a novel three-phase heterogeneous oxidation of activated C−H bond of primary and secondary alcohols, and benzyl compounds under mild conditions. Based on the high efficiency and selectivity, an environmentally benign system with good sustainability, mild conditions, simple work-up procedure has been established for practical oxidation of a wide range of substrates.     

Pt/TiO2催化剂的制备及其在氨催化氧化中的应用

二氧化钛具有优良的光催化性能,以其为载体通过光催化还原沉积可在其表面实现单质金属活性组分负载。本研究选择二氧化钛颗粒为载体,通过紫外光照射在二氧化钛颗粒表面还原沉积铂单质,形成Pt/ TiO2核壳结构,并将该新型催化剂用于氨催化氧化反应。所制备的Pt/TiO2催化剂铂负载量减为0.2 gPt/ gTiO2,比表面积增达10 m2/ g。以该催化剂催化氨氧化反应,氨转化率在600-700 篊即可达100 %,低于目前硝酸工业中氨氧化反应温度800-900 篊,也低于PtO2升华温度850 篊。该催化剂经400 h连续反应,其铂载量、及催化活性均无降低,具有工业应用前景。     

金溶液pH值及浸泡处理对Au/Al2O3催化剂上CO氧化反应活性的影响

 采用阴离子浸渍法制备了Au/Al2O3催化剂,考察了溶液pH值及浸泡处理对催化剂上CO氧化反应的影响. 结果表明,催化剂的活性随着浸渍液氯金酸溶液pH值的升高而升高. 对于经300 ℃下H2还原处理的Au/Al2O3催化剂,无论用水浸泡还是用氨水浸泡,室温下CO转化率均可达到100%, 且催化剂具有良好的稳定性. 用氨水浸泡的催化剂经氧化处理后依然保持高活性,但用水浸泡的催化剂活性大幅度下降. XPS结果表明,用氨水浸泡的Au/Al2O3催化剂表面含有Al, O, C, N, Na和Au原子,但没有Cl原子存在. 这说明用氨水浸泡催化剂可有效除去Cl-离子而提高其催化活性.     

Co-N-Si/AC Catalyst for Aerobic Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohols to Esters under Mild Conditions

A stable, earth-abundant, reusable cobalt-based heterogeneous catalyst is developed for the oxidative esterification of alcohols under ambient conditions, featuring broad substrate scope, providing good to excellent product yields. This protocol enables easy recyclability of the catalyst, measured up to five times without significant loss of efficiency. The active sites of Co-N-Si/AC are proposed to be Co-N species.     

MCM‐41‐Supported Bidentate Phosphine Rhodium Complex: An Efficient and Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Hydrosilylation of Olefins

MCM‐41‐supported bidentate phosphine rhodium complex (MCM‐41‐2P‐RhCl₃) was conveniently synthesized from commercially available and cheapγ‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane via immobilization on MCM‐41, followed by reacting with diphenylphosphinomethanol and rhodium chloride. It was found that the title complex is a highly efficient catalyst for the hydrosilylation of olefins with triethoxysilane and can be recovered and recycled by a simple filtration of the reaction solution and used for at least 10 consecutive trials without any decreases in activity.