对量子力学中角动量的一点认识

指出了角动量算符Ｊ不存在本征值和本征矢量完全集,角动量算符Ｊ不描写一个可观察量以及角动量Ｊ不宜作为整体来讨论。     

Canonical momentum,angular momentum,and helicity of circularly polarized Airy beams

We report a study of the momentum, angular momentum, and helicity of circularly polarized Airy beams propagating in free space. By using the vector angular spectrum representation, the explicit analytical expressions for the electric and magnetic field components of circularly polarized Airy beams are derived in detail. To overcome the drawbacks of classical kinematics formulae when applied to structured light beams, a general canonical approach is introduced to describe the momentum, angular momentum and helicity of Airy beams. Numerical simulation results for the spatial distributions of the canonical momentum, spin and orbital angular momentum, as well as the helicity densities are presented and discussed. This study may provide useful insights into the dynamical properties of Airy beams that may be important in several applications, including the optical control, micromanipulation, and information processing.     

通用的角动量阶梯算符

利用最新发展的非线性代数理论,给出了一般角动量阶梯算符所应满足的代数方程,并具体构造出了这些算符,所构造的北算符能对所有角动量本征态的解量子数和磁量子数起升降作用,具有很好的通用性。     

电磁场角动量守恒定律的简明推导

对电磁场角动量守恒定律作了一种简明的推导。     

角动量演示仪器的设计

设计了角动量演示装置 ,该装置结构简单 ,便于携带 ,可较好的演示角动量守恒和决定转动惯量的因素等 .     

A simple scheme for quantum networks based on orbital angular momentum states of photons

We propose a new quantum network scheme using orbital angular momentum states of photons to route the network and spin angular momentum states to encode the information. A four-user experimental scheme based on this efficient quantum network is analyzed in detail, which is particularly appealing for the free space quantum key distribution. Users can freely exchange quantum keys with each other.     

Energy, momentum and angular momentum in the dyadosphere of a charged spacetime in teleparallel equivalent of general relativity

We apply the energy momentum and angular momentum tensor to a tetrad field, with two unknown functions of radial coordinate, in the framework of a teleparallel equivalent of general relativity (TEGR). The definition of the gravitational energy is used to investigate the energy within the external event horizon of the dyadosphere region for the Reissner-Nordström black hole. We also calculate the spatial momentum and angular momentum.     

声子角动量与手性声子

在经典的物理学理论中,声子广泛地被认为是线极化的、不具有角动量的.最近的理论研究发现,在具有自旋声子相互作用的磁性体系(时间反演对称性破缺)中,声子可以携带非零的角动量,在零温时声子除了具有零点能以外还带有零点角动量;非零的声子角动量将会修正通过爱因斯坦-德哈斯效应测量的回磁比.在非磁性材料中,总的声子角动量为零,但是在空间反演对称性破缺的六角晶格体系中,其倒格子空间的高对称点上声子具有角动量,并具有确定的手性;三重旋转对称操作给予声子量子化的赝角动量,赝角动量的守恒将决定电子谷间散射的选择定则;此外还理论预测了谷声子霍尔效应.     

自制角动量守恒演示仪

利用微型平面推力球轴承和简易的旋转装置,代替茹科夫斯基转椅,能方便地定性演示角动量守恒规律.     

On the gravitational angular momentum of rotating sources

The gravitational energy–momentum and angular momentum satisfy the algebra of the Poincaré group in the full phase space of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity. The expression for the gravitational energy–momentum may be written as a surface integral in the three-dimensional spacelike hypersurface, whereas the definition for the angular momentum is given by a volume integral. It turns out that in practical calculations of the angular momentum of the gravitational field generated by localized sources like rotating neutron stars, the volume integral reduces to a surface integral, and the calculations can be easily carried out. Similar to previous investigations in the literature, we show that the total angular momentum is finite provided a certain asymptotic behaviour is verified. We discuss the dependence of the gravitational angular momentum on the frame, and argue that it is a measure of the dragging of inertial frames.     

汉克-贝塞尔光束在海洋湍流信道中的螺旋相位谱分析

携带轨道角动量的汉克-贝塞尔(Hankel-Bessel,HB)光束具有无衍射和自聚焦特性,用来作为信息传输的载体有望增大信息传输容量.基于Rytov近似理论,推导得到了HB涡旋光束经过海洋水平弱湍流信道后的螺旋相位谱的解析表达式,并利用数值仿真方法研究了海洋湍流参数对轨道角动量模式探测概率的影响.结果表明,海洋湍流导致发射轨道角动量模式的探测概率下降,出现模式串扰和螺旋相位谱扩展.海洋湍流对HB涡旋光束的负面影响随着轨道角动量模式数、传输距离、温度方差耗散率的增加而增强,随湍流动能耗散率的增加而减弱.HB涡旋光束受以盐度波动驱动的海洋湍流的负面影响更大.另外,在弱湍流及几十米传输距离条件下,HB涡旋光束的传输性能要差于最佳束腰大小设置的拉盖尔-高斯涡旋光束.这些结果有望为海洋环境水下光通信链路的实现提供一定的参考价值.     

基于光子轨道角动量的密码通信方案研究

设计了一个基于两个正交的光子轨道角动量态的量子密码通信方案.在该方案中,Alice使用具有独特设计的激光器,随机发送有确定轨道角动量的光子;Bob采用由两个达夫棱镜组成的光束旋转器,对光子的轨道角动量态进行测量.对系统安全性的讨论表明,Eve采用截获重发、攻击单臂等攻击手段,其窃听行为都会被发现.理论证明,该方案不需要通信双方实时监测和调整参考系,同时避免了BB84,B92协议因发送基和测量基不一致而丢弃一半信息的问题,从而提高了密钥生成效率. 关键词： 量子保密通信 轨道角动量     

一种新的角动量守恒演示实验仪

介绍了新研制成功的一种物理演示实验仪,它是以进动过程中突然除去进动的原因而使进动中止的方式来演示角动量守恒的．实验仪结构简单,操作方便,反映的物理原理深刻．     

圆柱型光纤螺线圈轨道角动量模式

传统的沿z轴光纤传输光线的轨道角动量(orbital angular momentum,OAM)光束的制备方法共同之处都是从内部结构着想,光束的主光线基本上不变,只是波面在变.但要获得携带高mh的光有一定的难度.针对上述问题,本文建立以波面不变,光束主光线变化为基础的理论框架,利用微分几何理论验证不沿z轴圆柱型光纤螺线圈传输的光线可以携带高mh OAM的理论设想.研究发现:利用流动坐标(α,β,γ)计算光线在绕圆柱体的光纤中传输时光纤截面的衍射分布图呈现涡旋特征,有高阶OAM模式.当θ=θ0时,圆柱形轨道光纤过渡到直线轨道光纤.计算光线沿直线传输时光纤截面的衍射分布图是Airy斑,即圆孔衍射斑,无高阶OAM模式.     

长周期多芯手征光纤轨道角动量的调制

基于矢量模式耦合理论,在多模光纤中引入手性耦合纤芯结构,设计了一种光纤型光轨道角动量调制器.使用单根光纤,无需施加扭转或应力,可以实现任意光轨道角动量的调制.通过理论分析与数值仿真,研究了不同结构参数对轨道角动量模式纯度、传输损耗和有效折射率的影响.在中心纤芯和旁纤芯传播常数不变的前提下,旁纤芯数量对损耗影响较大,通过相位匹配条件计算得到的螺距可以在一定数值范围内浮动变化,两种纤芯的间距受限于模式损耗和光纤集成度.     

Influence of angular momentum in axially symmetric potentials with octupole deformation

The chaotic classical single-particle motion in an oblate octupole deformed potential with a non-zero z-component of angular momentum Lz is investigated. The stability analysis of the trajectories shows that with increasing rotation of the system, the unstable negative curvature regions of the effective potential surface decrease, which converts the chaotic motion of the system into a regular one.     

一种多功能的角动量定理演示仪

介绍了一种用于课堂的多功能角动量定理演示仪,结构简单,操作方便,能演示出多种角动量定理相关实验,揭示刚体定点转动中深刻的物理规律,并采用在"自然坐标系"下的角动量定理对实验现象加以理论分析.     

Influence of angular momentum in axially symmetric potentials with octupole deformation

The chaotic classical single-particle motion in an oblate octupole deformed potential with a nonzero z-component of angular momentum Lz is investigated. The stability analysis of the trajectories shows that with increasing rotation of the system, the unstable negative curvature regions of the effective potential surface decrease, which converts the chaotic motion of the system into a regular one.     

Extraordinary photons with unusual angular momentum

A series of novel state-vector functions (SVFs), which is the general solution of the Schrödinger equation for a photon, are constructed. Each set of these functions consists of a triplet of eigen-SVFs: The triplet can be broken down into a pair of nonzero l-order functions and a single zero-order function. The photons, described with a triplet of eigen-SVFs, possess all the quantum characteristics of a photon: In addition to common attributes like energy E = ? _ω , and momentum p _z = ? _κ , they also exhibit different angular momenta (AM) L _z+ = l?, L _z? = l?, and L _z0 = 0, where l?1. In other words, in addition to usual eigenvalues L _z±= ±?, there are unusual nonzero l-order eigenvalues L _z± = ±l? and a zero-order eigenvalue L _z0 = 0 for AM of a photon. By a series of SVFs, the pattern from nonzero l-order and zero-order Laguerre-Gaussian modes of a laser beam is explained well from a quantum mechanical point of view.