密相气力输送颗粒静电波动信号多尺度分析

在加压密相气力输送实验装置上获得了不同操作条件下煤粉颗粒静电波动信号,并用Hilbert-Huang变换、功率谱进行分析.结果表明:随着表观速度的增加,静电波动信号主峰值的频率增大;静电波动信号希尔伯特-黄变换(Hilbert-Huang)揭示了气固两相流静电信号的非线性和非平稳特征,随气固两相流颗粒相浓度降低和颗粒及...     

加压高通量CFB上升管气固流动特性实验研究

通过实验的方法考察了加压下,平均粒径为137μm、密度为2490 kg·m^-3的Geldart B类颗粒在固体通量为183～773 kg·m^-2·s^-1的高通量循环流化床上升管内的流动特性。结果表明,加压下七升管压降曲线近似线性分布。随着操作压力的增加,上升管底部颗粒浓度先增大后减小,顶部颗粒浓度逐渐增大,密相区的范围也逐渐增大。加压下截面平均颗粒浓度随颗粒循环速率和操作气速的变化和常压相类似,即随颗粒循环速率的增加而增加,随操作气速的增加而降低。     

空气斜槽浓相煤粉输送的实验研究

在一个长7 m的空气斜槽内进行浓相输送煤粉的实验研究.实验结果表明,随着空气表观速度增加,煤粉饱和输送量先增加,随后达到稳定,约为0.25kg/s.槽倾角低于5°时,煤粉不流动.倾角在5°～7°内,煤粉的饱和输送量和最大固气质量比随角度变化不明显,但随倾角增大,处于最大固气比下的工作空气速度范围增大.输送槽高度对煤粉的...     

气液固三相浆态床流型转变特性的试验研究

建立了高0.8 m,截面为0.1 m×0.01m的可视化浆态床实验系统,采用空气、水和玻璃粉作为浆态床中气液固三相,研究了颗粒粒径为58~75μm和106~150μm,固相体积分数为3%和9%时的宏观流动特性。试验获得了不同物料体系下的床层压降随气体雷诺数的变化规律,同时得到了颗粒浓度对流型转变气速的影响。找到均匀流流型向过渡流型转变的第一转变点和从过渡流型向非均匀流型转变的第二转变点的取值范围。结果表明:三相体系的压差值随着气体雷诺数的增大而趋于一个稳定值,颗粒粒径增大会使体系压差值增大;固体颗粒浓度的增加,会使第二转变点取值减小,而颗粒粒径对流型转变气速影响很小.同相浓度的增加,会加快三相体系的失稳,在更低的气速下进入到非均相湍动流动状态中.     

颗粒物Mie散射对差分吸收光谱技术的影响

差分吸收光谱法(DOAS)应用于固定污染源烟气排放在线监测时,由于烟气中烟尘颗粒物含量较高,烟尘颗粒物Mie散射引起的消光对准确反演气体浓度应有一定影响,通过对1～10μm烟尘颗粒物Mie散射对DOAS影响的数值模拟和实验研究得出,烟尘颗粒物的散射光强与颗粒粒径分布、颗粒数密度有关,随着颗粒粒径和颗粒数密度增加,气体的差分吸收度随之而增加,差分吸收度曲线的频率特性发生变化,传统DOAS算法中的应用多项式滤波已无法消除颗粒物Mie散射对气体差分吸收度的影响,气体浓度的反演结果远远偏离真实值.     

脉冲电源与它在电晕荷电器中的作用

在电晕放电荷电器中，防止荷电颗粒沉积是一关键问题。用机械斩波的方法形成高压正负方波，其幅值、频率和脉宽均可调，并且波形不发生畸变，从而有效地控制了荷电颗粒在荷电器中的运动轨迹，并为荷电器荷电提供了准确的场强和荷电时间。本实验测试了颗粒荷电提供了准确的场强和荷电时间。本实验测试了颗粒荷电量和粒径的关系，实验值与理论计算值基本一致。结果表明，机械斩波的高压脉冲电源在颗粒荷电研究中是一种较好的装置。     

小通道内液氮流动沸腾的可视化研究

通过高速CCD可视化实验,在气体表观速度0.01～26.5m/s,液体表观速度0.01～1.2m/s范围内,对内径为1.931mm垂直向上圆管内液氮流动沸腾的流型特性进行了研究.所观测的主要流型为:泡状流,弹状流,搅拌流和环状流.并绘制了流型图,发现环状流占了大部分的区域,干度大于0.15的区域基本上都是环状流.分析了流量对流型转变的影响,流量越大,相应的流型转变干度越低,而且流量大于820kg/m2s时,没有发现泡状流.通过与相同水力直径的空气-水的流型图比较,发现本文中的弹状流区域要小很多.通用的流型转变模型预测结果与实验结果相差较大.     

用ELPI测量颗粒物的分级荷电量

提出了一种利用静电低压撞击器(ELPI)测量颗粒物分级荷电量的新方法,利用此方法可以将每种颗粒在 0．03-10μm范围内按其动力学粒径分为12级,然后可以获得每一级粒径的单个颗粒的平均荷电量。应用此方法首次实际测量了3种飞灰在自然荷电与强制荷电两种工况下的分级荷电量,获得了比较合理的结果,结果显示飞灰主要荷负电,且小于1 μm的飞灰颗粒的荷电量随粒径变化不大,而大于1 μm的颗粒的荷电量随粒径增加迅速增加。     

一种风沙运动的颗粒动力学静电起电模型

基于水的电离理论和颗粒动力学理论,提出了一种风沙运动颗粒碰撞的静电起电模型：颗粒表面覆盖有水分子薄层,颗粒间的碰撞导致能量转移和颗粒温度变化;水电离生成H₃O⁺和OH^-离子,当两个温度不同或水分子薄层正(负)离子浓度不同的颗粒相接触时,H₃O⁺比OH^-以更快地速度从浓度高的地方向浓度低的地方迁移. 在动力学的模拟计算中采用0.1mm,0.2mm和0.4mm三种粒径的沙粒以示沙 关键词： 风沙运动 静电 颗粒动力学 尘卷风     

快速流化床颗粒团絮的识别和表征研究

本文针对内径D=0.1m、高H=3 m的三维可视快速流化床上升管,建立了图像采集及处理系统,对平均粒径d_s=0.25 mm的石英砂(颗粒密度ρ_p=2650 kg/m~3,堆积密度ρ_(pa)=1590 kg/m~3)在颗粒循环量G_s=40～70 kg/(m~2s),流化风速U_g=4.35 m/s下形成的颗粒团絮进行了研究,提出了一套针对三维快速流化床近壁面颗粒团絮的识别和表征方法并优化了计算参数。结果表明,该方法能够准确识别不同类型("U"形、倒"U"形、条形)的颗粒团絮;颗粒团絮的尺寸随上升管高度增加和固体循环通过减小而增大,颗粒团絮数量随上升管高度增加和固体循环通量减小而减少;随固体循环通量变化,"U"形和倒"U"形的颗粒团絮下落速度的平均值均为1 m/s左右。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.