Em wave diffraction by a finite set of magnetized ferrite cylinders

The paper presents a rigorous solution of the diffraction problem by a finite set of magnetized ferrite cylinders. The main purpose of the research is to determine the steerability of scattering diagram of diffraction by several longitudinally magnetized ferrite cylinders. A plane wave scattering as well as main mode scattering by cylinders in the open end of rectangular waveguide are considered and numerical investigations are presented.     

FDTD Analysis of EW Wave Circulating by a Magnetized Ferrite Body in Free Space

An efficient numerical method has been devised for the study of wave circulating by a magnetised ferrite body of an arbitrary shape. It is a finite-difference time-domain formulation that incorporates Mur's absorbing boundary conditions and a perfectly matched layer. Several shapes of interest have been studied, including spheres, circular cylinders. The electromagnetic fields inside ferrite and the power-density distribution on the ferrite's surface normal to the bias external magnetic field are obtained. It is observed that an incident plane wave would circulate around the magnetised ferrite body in an open space as if the ferrite were placed inside a waveguide junction circulator.     

Plane electromagnetic wave scattering by transversely magnetized ferrite cylinder

The paper is devoted to the problem of scattering of plane electromagnetic wave by transversely magnetized ferrite cylinder. Exact analytical expressions for all partial cylindrical modes are obtained by solving Maxwell’s equations for transversely magnetized ferrite medium in cylindrical coordinate system. They are represented as the power series expansion and then are used to formulate and to solve the boundary problem. Numerical calculations of scattering patterns are also presented. Particular attention is paid to the possibility to control the scattering pattern by the external magnetic field.     

Comparison of light scattering from self assembled array of nanoparticle chains with cylinders

We use a magnetic field to generate array of linear chains of magnetic nanoparticles in a magnetically polarizable nanofluid. The scattered patterns by these chains are described by electromagnetic wave scattering from an infinite cylinder. Comparison of the incident angle dependent scattered patterns from the linear chains of nanoparticles and macroscopic cylinders show a striking similarity. But, unlike the diffraction fringes of different orders observed on the cone of scattered light from macroscopic cylinder, the observed scattered cone from the field induced nanostructures is diffused. The observed optical patterns for micron sized cylinder are a simultaneous manifestation of both scattering and diffraction due to the interaction of light with cylindrical surfaces, whereas for nanoparticle chains it is mainly due to scattering. The diameters of the cylinders are precisely calculated from the best fit on the experimental diffraction intensity pattern. These results are important for better understanding of self assembled nanostructures for applications.     

任意磁化方向铁氧体电磁散射时域有限差分分析的Z变换方法

利用坐标系转换矩阵给出实验室系中饱和磁化铁氧体的频域磁化率张量, 采用部分分式展开方法通过Z变换得到磁化率张量的Z域形式, 给出了任意磁化方向铁氧体电磁散射的Z变换-时域有限差分算法. 计算了饱和磁化铁氧体球的同极化和交叉极化后向雷达散射截面, 结果表明了算法的正确有效性. 关键词： Z变换 饱和磁化铁氧体 电磁散射 时域有限差分方法     

磁化铁氧体电磁散射的移位算子FDTD分析

将移位算子（shift operator,SO）-时域有限差分（fintie difference time domain,FDTD）方法推广到外磁场沿任意方向时磁化铁氧体的情形.从磁化铁氧体的相对磁导系数张量和各向异性情形下Maxwell旋度方程出发,推导出外磁场沿任意方向情形下磁化铁氧体电磁散射的SO-FDTD迭代公式.应用该方法计算了磁化铁氧体层、磁化铁氧体球及含磁化铁氧体涂层的Von Karman形雷达罩电磁散射,数值计算结果表明了该算法的正确有效性. 关键词： 磁化铁氧体 FDTD 移位算子法     

基于Newmark算法的任意磁化方向铁氧体电磁散射时域有限差分分析

利用坐标系转换矩阵给出实验室坐标系中饱和磁化铁氧体的频域磁导系数张量,再通过频域到时域的转换关系jω→?/?t得到一个二阶微分方程形式的时域本构关系.然后采用Newmark方法求解时域本构关系从而给出一种适用于处理任意磁化方向铁氧体电磁问题的Newmark时域有限差分算法.利用此算法计算了饱和磁化铁氧体层的反(透)射系数和饱和磁化铁氧体球的后向雷达散射截面,所获得的结果验证了此算法的正确有效性.     

Calculation of the near fields for the scattering of electromagnetic waves by multiple infinite cylinders at perpendicular incidence

The near field solution for the scattering of a plane monochromatic electromagnetic wave by an ensemble of parallel infinite dielectric cylinders at perpendicular incidence is presented in this paper. The solution is given for the calculation of the electric and magnetic near fields and the Poynting vector. A MATLAB program has been developed to solve the near field formulas which is introduced and validated. The near to far field transition as well as formation and transport of photonic nanojets have been calculated for multiple cylinder scattering.     

三维感应场率有限长柱体阵列高功率微波辐照特性分析

为了研究高功率微波对平行柱体阵列的辐照特性,提出一种分析有限长柱体阵列散射特性的三维感应场率法。基于矩量法分析柱体的散射场,建立了有限长柱体的三维感应场率模型,并反推出产生散射场的等效辐射电流。借鉴细线天线的阻抗分布规律,推导出柱体不同位置的分布电流,构成以柱体长度、半径以及观察角度为参数的感应场率矩阵。基于此,实现不同间距和长度的三根平行柱体的散射分析,并将计算结果与矩量法进行对比验证。结果表明,采用三维感应场率方法,只需计算单根柱体的感应场率矩阵,即可得出不同间距、不同长度柱体阵列的散射场,验证了三维感应场率法分析柱体阵列辐照特性的可行性。     

三维感应场率有限长柱体阵列高功率微波辐照特性分析

为了研究高功率微波对平行柱体阵列的辐照特性,提出一种分析有限长柱体阵列散射特性的三维感应场率法。基于矩量法分析柱体的散射场,建立了有限长柱体的三维感应场率模型,并反推出产生散射场的等效辐射电流。借鉴细线天线的阻抗分布规律,推导出柱体不同位置的分布电流,构成以柱体长度、半径以及观察角度为参数的感应场率矩阵。基于此,实现不同间距和长度的三根平行柱体的散射分析,并将计算结果与矩量法进行对比验证。结果表明,采用三维感应场率方法,只需计算单根柱体的感应场率矩阵,即可得出不同间距、不同长度柱体阵列的散射场,验证了三维感应场率法分析柱体阵列辐照特性的可行性。     

Study of LiTiMg-ferrite radome for the application of satellite communication

In this paper the characteristics of LiTiMg-ferrite radome are presented. A thin layer of LiTiMg-ferrite is used as superstrate or radome, which controls the radiation, reception, and scattering from a printed antenna or array by applying a dc magnetic bias field in the plane of the ferrite, orthogonal to the RF magnetic field. In this analysis absorbing and transmission power coefficients are calculated to obtain the power loss and transmitted power through the radome layer respectively. The absorbing power coefficient verifies the switching behavior of radome for certain range of applied external magnetic field (Ho), which depends on the resonance width parameter (ΔH) of ferrite material. By properly choosing the bias field, electromagnetic wave propagation in the ferrite layer can be made zero or negligible over a certain frequency range, resulting in switching behavior of the ferrite layer. In this communication we also show precise preparation of radome layer and present its electric and magnetic properties along with its Curie temperature, which shows the working efficiency of layer under extreme situation. This radome layer can be very useful for the sensitive and smart communication systems.     

Scattering Properties of Cylindrical Ferrite Posts and Their Applications

The scattering field of a ferrite post and a cylindrical ferrite post containing conducting post illuminated by a plane wave is analyzed. The special interest is the scattering property of the ferrite posts, which is resonating at certain modes such as TM₁₁ mode. We hope to know the speciality it shows and find its applications. It is found that the scattering field pattern of a resonating ferrite post is similar to the rotation of the scattering field pattern of a dielectric cylindrical post, which has the same dimension as ferrite. The scattering properties of the ferrite may give us some inspirations to explore its applications in microwave components. This property is utilized to explain the mechanism of the operation of the circulators. It also may be used in microstrip patch antenna, coupler and filter to control their properties. Other applications may be possible too. Some calculation results are presented.     

Scattering characteristics of conducting cylinder coated with nonuniform magnetized ferrite

An analytical technique, referred to as the scattering matrix method （SMM）, is developed to analyse the scattering of a planar wave from a conductolution for the nonuniform fering cylinder coated with nonuniform magnetized ferrite. The SMM srite coating can be reduced to the expressions for the scattering and penetrated coefficients in four particular cases： nonuniform magnetized ferrite cylinder, uniform magnetized ferrite-coated conducting cylinder, uniform ferrite cylinder as well as homogeneous dielectric-coated conducting cylinder. The resonant condition for the nonuniform ferrite coating is obtained. The distinctive differences in scattering between the nonuniform ferrite coating and the nonuniform dielectric coating are demonstrated. The effects of applied magnetic fields and wave frequencies on the scattering characteristics for two types of the linear profiles are revealed.     

磁化铁氧体材料电磁散射递推卷积-时域有限差分方法分析

根据递推卷积原理，将磁化铁氧体材料的频域磁导率过渡到时域，通过引入时域复数磁化率张量和时域复数磁感应强度矢量，提出了磁化铁氧体材料电磁散射的三维时域有限差分方法.为了验证该方法，用它计算了磁化铁氧体球的后向雷达散射截面，与文献结果符合很好.计算结果表明，该方法是分析磁化铁氧体材料电磁散射一种可行的方法. 关键词： 递推卷积 磁化铁氧体 电磁散射 时域有限差分方法     

Magnetic-field-induced microstructural features in a high carbon steel during diffusional phase transformation

In this work, a high purity, high carbon steel was heat treated without and with a 12-T magnetic field. The microstructural features induced by magnetic field during its diffusion-controlled austenite decomposition were investigated by means of optical microscopy and SEM/EBSD. It is found that the magnetic field increases the amount of the abnormal structure, which is composed of proeutectoid cementite along the prior austenite boundaries and ferrite around it, because magnetic field increases the austenite grain size and promotes the transformation of carbon-depleted austenite to ferrite. No specific orientation relationship between abnormal ferrite and cementite has been found in the non-field- or the field-treated specimens. Magnetic field evidently promotes the spheroidization of pearlite, due to its effect of enhancing carbon diffusion through raising the transformation temperature and its effect of increasing the relative ferrite/cementite interface energy. As magnetic field favors the nucleation of the high magnetization phase-pearlitic ferrite, the occurrence of the P-P2 OR that corresponds to the situation that ferrite nucleates prior to cementite during pearlitic transformation is enhanced by the magnetic field.     

Magnetic surface plasmon-induced tunable photonic bandgaps in two-dimensional magnetic photonic crystals

We experimentally studied magnetically controllable photonic band gaps (PBGs) in two-dimensional magnetic photonic crystals consisting of ferrite rods. Besides the conventional PBG that relates to Bragg scattering, two other types of PBG, resulting from magnetic surface plasmon (MSP) resonance and spin-wave resonance, respectively, are observed. The PBG due to MSP resonance is particularly interesting because of its analogy to surface plasmon in metal; furthermore, it is shown to be completely tunable by an external static magnetic field from both an experimental and a theoretical point of view.     

含有铁氧体圆杆的矩形波导的散射矩阵及其等效线路

本文尝试用四端网络法研究非互易微波铁氧体器件。首先,把一节含着一根铁氧体杆的三厘米波段的矩形波导看作四端网络,进行阻抗和散射系数的测量。由测得的散射矩阵求出了T形等效线路,结果表明,小直径铁氧体杆具有并联容性电纳的性质,电纳的数值随外磁场的变化范围很大,与可调螺钉的作用十分相似。其次,把两根铁氧体杆沿波导纵向排列,在实验中考察了这种相继阻碍物的等效线路,结果表示,只要相邻阻碍物的距离足够大,总的等效线路可用“单元”等效线路的串联表示。最后,以分析相移网络为例,说明了等效线路的应用。用这一方法研究波导中的多体散射,具有独特的优点。     

Existence, stability and structure of a hexagonal phase doped with nanoparticles

We describe and study by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) a new type of hybrid system. It is composed of a swollen lyotropic hexagonal phase into the cylinders of which solid magnetic particles of nanometric size have been incorporated. It has been found to be stable for volume fractions of particles up to 2% provided the cylinders are sufficiently large. A unidimensionnal magnetic liquid is thus realized. The structural properties of this colloidal assembly have been investigated by SAXS, and the specific features of the scattering spectra are analysed and interpreted. One of the remarkable results is the evidence of depletion interactions between the particles and the inner walls of the cylinders inside which particles are located. Received: 4 September 1997 / Revised: 14 October 1997 / Accepted: 19 November 1997     

Effect of electromagnetic field strength on Ni0.35Zn0.65Fe2O4 as performed by combustion synthesis

Ni_0.35Zn_0.65Fe₂O₄ ferrite is prepared through combustion synthesis in the external electromagnetic field. The highest magnetic field strength for the experiment is 1.1 T. Reactions temperatures were monitored by infrared radiation thermometer, the synthesized ferrite prepared in different magnetic fields is analyzed by XRD, SEM, and VSM. The results indicate that the coercivity of ferrite gradually decrease with the increase of magnetization. When the magnetic field strength is 0.54 T, the saturation magnetization is improved up to 56.05 emu/g (42%) as compared to that of ferrite in zero magnetic field. Through SEM analysis of Ni_0.35Zn_0.65Fe₂O₄ ferrite, homogeneous grains of the crystal are observed. With the increase of external magnetic field, the ferrite grain improved. This paper also systematically explores the effect of the electromagnetic field on ferrite by combustion synthesis.     

平行柱体对平面波/高斯波束电磁散射

基于等效原理和互易性定理，研究了N个相互平行二维柱体对平面波/高斯波束的电磁散射特性，给出了求解N阶散射场公式.一阶散射可通过求解单个柱体的散射场得到，但对于高阶散射场而言，由于耦合散射的复杂性，很难给出精确的解析解.为了解决这一问题，借助等效原理和互易性定理给出了求解N阶散射场的面积分公式.只要给出柱体的i-1阶散射场及相关目标表面上的等效电流和(或)等效磁流，就可应用此公式求解i阶散射场.应用该近似方法计算了相互平行非均匀等离子体涂层导体圆柱的单/双站散射宽度，讨论了束腰半径、等离子体涂层厚度、电子密度、碰撞频率及雷达频率等对散射结果的影响.