PbCl2分子的光解离

用YAG激光的四次谐波光解离PbCl₂分子。实验确认了这种光解过程是双光子过程。通过对激光诱导荧光的测量,发现这一光解过程造成了Pb原子的亚稳态6p^{2 3}P₂与基态6p^{2 3}P。间的粒子数反分布。同时观察到基于6p^{2 3}P₂能级的受激共振辐射及受激喇曼散射。 关键词：     

光纤中的紫外受激喇曼散射

用YAG∶Nd激光的三次谐波作激励光,我们在光纤维中观测了紫外受激喇曼散射。测定了受激喇曼散射的峰值波长,它们是3610(?)、3722(?)和3791(?)。指出了各受激喇曼线相应的散射元.     

准分子激光束的喇曼组束

受激喇曼散射可以将紫外准分子激光辐射频移到特定的近紫外或可见光波长,采用喇曼整形技术可以改善斯托克斯光的光束质量,本文报道喇曼组束提高喇曼整形效率的实验结果.     

高效率受激喇曼散射源

本文报道在有机溶液(CH₃)₂SO中,用宽带5314埃激光泵浦,得到强6296埃斯托克斯相干受激喇曼辐射的实验。在中等泵浦功率密度下,受激喇曼斯托克斯辐射前向波能量转换效率达38％,观察到了后向斯托克斯受激辐射,后向波强度是前向散射波强度的80％,测量了前向散射的增益为2.5×10^-3厘米/兆瓦,测量了前向、后向散射光束的空间分布。论证了后向散射光束方向性的改善。 关键词：     

部分离化激光等离子体的受激喇曼散射不稳定性

由于部分离化激光等离子体中存在束缚电子，它可显著改变其参量不稳定性。本文分析了部分离化激光等离子体的受激喇曼散射的非线性色散关系，计算了钕玻璃倍频和三倍频激光受激喇曼散射的增长率，结果表明，前向受激喇曼散射显著增强，后向受激喇曼散射影响不大。     

BaTiO3和Ce:BaTiO3晶体极性声子和电磁激元的喇曼散射研究

从声子-电磁激元频率色散关系的普遍公式出发,推导出了单轴晶体的Merten方程和电磁激元的频率色散关系。测量了BaTiO₃和Ce:BaTiO₃晶体的简正模和斜声子的喇曼散射谱,并根据Merten方程,拟合出了斜声子的方向色散曲线;记录了A₁类电磁激元在不同波矢值下的喇曼谱,观察到其频率色散现象.根据以上结果,对A₁(TO)模喇曼谱中两个宽的非对称峰的归属和BaTiO₃晶体的结构相变机制进行了讨论;计算出了这两种晶体的受夹介电常数;分析了掺Ce对BaTiO₃晶体结构的影响。 关键词：     

高压H2的SRS中的参量与非参量过程

本文报道了在数十气压H₂中输出三级Stokes和六级anti-Stokes受激喇曼散射。着重研究了SRS能量转移中的受激喇曼过程(SRP)和四波参量过程(FWPP)。对前人报道得很少的高压H₂中的离轴Stokes圆环与轴上anti-Stokes圆斑进行了较系统的实验研究,并用非线性光学参量与非参量过程的有关理论对实验结果进行了讨论。 关键词：     

准分子激光束的喇曼整形

受激喇曼散射可以将紫外准分子激光辐射频移到特定的近紫外和可见光波长.采用喇曼整形技术还可以获得衍射极限发散角的斯托克斯输出.本文研究了注入光束质量对喇曼整形的影响,并求得不同氢压力下的喇曼增益系数和饱和参量.     

XeCl激光泵浦高压氢的衍射极限SRS斯托克斯光输出

利用XeCl准分子激光在高压氢中产生受激喇曼散射获得峰值功率为0.2MW、衍射极限发射角的一阶(353nm)斯托克斯输出,井研究了泵浦激光发散角对受激喇曼散射转换效率的影响.     

反斯托克斯喇曼激光

人们对发展紫外及真空紫外波段的激光器 十分重视.其主要原因是它在凝聚态物理、原 子和分子物理、光化学及半导体工业上有着广 泛的应用. 强激光在非线性晶体和原子蒸气中高次谐波的产生以及混频过程是获得短波辐射的一个 重要途径.但这些过程的截面一般都相当小, 限制了短波长辐射产生的效卒. 近年来,用原子的亚稳能级和基能级之间的反斯托克斯喇曼散射得到了相当强的紫外受激辐射.这个过程如图1所示.图中的a,b,c表示原子能级,其中b,a是喇曼散射的上、下能级,c是可能的中间能级.　　p是诱导光频率,　　As是反斯托克斯喇曼频率.当b相对于a…     

德拜特征温度的各向异性与非均匀性

由于德拜特征温度标识着原子或离子在晶体内的平均振动能量,而不同原子在晶体内的振动模式,或同一原子在非立方晶体内的振动模式显然不同,这就发生了特征温度的非均匀性及各向异性问题。本文提出了从粉末X射线衍射强度测定晶体特征温度的非均匀性及各向异性的方法。测定了CaF₂的特征温度。结果发现:Ca²⁺离子在CaF₂晶体内的特征温度为400K,而F^-离子的特征温度为476K,二者相差76K。 关键词：     

Heat capacity, structural disorder, and the phase transition in cryolite (NH4)3Ti(O2)F5

The heat capacity, T-p phase diagrams, and unit cell parameters of cryolite (NH₄)₃Ti(O₂)F₅ were studied over a wide temperature range. A phase transition was found near 226 K, and its thermodynamic characteristics and their dependence on the crystallization conditions were determined. The coordinates and thermal parameters of atoms in the Fm3m phase were refined. An analysis of the electron density distribution and the transition entropy showed that the mechanism of the structural transition involves, above all, rotation of the Ti(O₂)F₅ octahedra. Possible models of disordering of tetrahedral ammonium groups are considered.     

Electronic structure of ZrTiO4 and HfTiO4: Self-consistent cluster calculations and X-ray spectroscopy studies

Total and partial densities of states of the constituent atoms of ZrTiO₄ and HfTiO₄ titanates have been calculated using a self-consistent cluster method as incorporated in the FEFF8 code. The calculations reveal the similarity of the electronic structure of both titanates and indicate that the valence band of the compounds under consideration is dominated by contributions of O 2p states. These states contribute throughout the whole valence-band region; however their maximum contributions occur in the upper portion of the band. Other significant contributors in the valence-band region are Ti 3d and Zr 4d states in ZrTiO₄ and Ti 3d and Hf 5d states in HfTiO₄. All the above d-like states contribute throughout the whole valence-band region of the titanates; however maximum contributions of the Ti 3d states occur in the upper portion, whilst those of the Zr 4d (Hf 5d) states are in the central portions of the valence band. The FEFF8 calculations render that the bottom of the conduction band of ZrTiO₄ and HfTiO₄ is dominated by contributions of Ti 3d^? states, with also smaller contributions of Zr 4d^?/Hf 5d^? and O 2p^? states. To verify the above FEFF8 data, the X-ray emission bands, representing the energy distributions of mainly O 2p, Ti 3d and Zr 4d states, were measured and compared on a common energy scale. These experimental data are found to be in agreement with the theoretical FEFF8 results for the electronic structure of ZrTiO₄ and HfTiO₄ titanates. Additionally, X-ray photoelectron valence-band and core-level spectra were recorded for the constituent atoms of the titanates under study.     

Surface state of TiO2 treated with low ion energy plasma

The effect of low pressure radio frequency (rf) plasma treatment on TiO₂ surface states has been studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Three different oxidation states of oxygen in untreated TiO₂ powder were observed, which suggests the existence of adsorbed water and carbon on the surface. The ratio of oxygen to titanium (O/Ti) was decreased for the low ion dose plasma treated samples due to desorption of water from the surface. In the case of Ti 2p about 20% of surface states were converted to Ti³⁺ 2p_3/2 state after plasma treatment with a very good stability, whereas untreated TiO₂ remained mostly as Ti⁴⁺ state. A rapid decrease in the ratio of carbon to titanium (C/Ti) at TiO₂ surface was also observed after plasma treatment and more than 90% of carbon atoms were removed from the surface. Therefore, the plasma treatment of TiO₂ has advantages to surface carbon cleaning, increasing O⁻ and Ti³⁺ surface states, hence improving the activity of TiO₂ for different environmental, energy and biological applications.     

Far-infrared spectra of Strontium Fluoride doped with rare earth

Far-infrared measurements (17–170 cm⁻¹) are reported for SrF₂:RE³⁺ (RE = Pr, Nd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm).The vibrations of the F⁻_i compensation ions reveal the local symmetry (Oh, C_4v, C_3v). The concentration of ions in each local site and the frequencies of the F⁻_i vibrations in the C_4v site show a regular evolution vs RE ionic radii.The study of electronic transitions within the ground manifold of the RE ions shows a similar evolution. For Dy³⁺ we detect lines already attributed to C_3v (F⁻_i) sites. New lines observed with Er³⁺ and Dy³⁺ can be attributed to C_4v (F⁻_i) sites, and the crystal field parameters that we have calculated are close to those of the C_4v (F⁻_i) site in CaF₂.For Nd³⁺ the electronic line is close to a C_4v level observed by EPR.     

Effect of composition on the spontaneous emission probabilities, stimulated emission cross-sections and local environment of Tm in TeO2-WO3 glass

Effect of composition on the structure, spontaneous and stimulated emission probabilities of various 1.0 mol% Tm₂O₃ doped (1−x)TeO₂+(x)WO₃ glasses were investigated using Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared (UV/VIS/NIR) absorption and luminescence measurements.Absorption measurements in the UV/VIS/NIR region were used to determine spontaneous emission probabilities for the 4f-4f transitions of Tm³⁺ ions. Six absorption bands corresponding to the absorption of the ¹G₄, ³F₂, ³F₃ and ³F₄, ³H₅ and ³H₄ levels from the ³H₆ ground level were observed. Integrated absorption cross-section of each band except that of ³H₅ level was found to vary with the glass composition. Luminescence spectra of the samples were measured upon 457.9 nm excitation. Three emission bands centered at 476 nm (¹G₄→³H₆ transition), 651 nm (¹G₄→³H₄ transition) and 800 nm (¹G₄→³H₅ transition) were observed. Spontaneous emission cross-sections together with the luminescence spectra measured upon 457.9 nm excitation were used to determine the stimulated emission cross-sections of these emissions.The effect of glass composition on the Judd-Ofelt parameters and therefore on the spontaneous and the stimulated emission cross-sections for the metastable levels of Tm³⁺ ions were discussed in detail. The effect of temperature on the stimulated emission cross-sections for the emissions observed upon 457.9 nm excitation was also discussed.     

Zur Hyperfeinstruktur des Eu-II

By means of a Fabry-Pérot-interferometer the hyperfine structure of 10 lines of the Eu-II-spectrum was analysed and from the results splitting factors and isotope shifts were calculated. When evaluating the magnetic momentμ, of Eu_{1 1} it was found that the two ground states (a⁹S ₄ ⁰ and a⁷S ₃ ⁰ ) of the Eu-II yield two distinctly different values for μ. This discrepancy can be removed assuming that a different electronic splitting factor (a_{6 s}) has to be attributed to the 6s-electron in each of these two states.     

Radiative lifetimes of some excited CoI states

The lifetimes of atomic CoI states have been determined using the delayed coincidence technique. A tunable dye laser pumped by a nitrogen laser was employed for the excitation of cobalt atoms in an atomic beam. The lifetimes were derived from the time dependent fluorescence intensity of the observed lines after the excitation. For the measurement of the lifetimes of thee ⁴ F _9/2,f ⁴ F ^9/2 andf ⁴ F _7/2 levels a two step excitation was applied. In case of overlapping measurement we find our results to be in good agreement with those reported by Becker [1].     

Optical emission spectroscopy by Ar ion sputtering of Ti surface under O2 environment

Visible light emission from atoms and ions sputtered on a polycrystalline Ti surface was observed under irradiation of 30 keV Ar³⁺ ions. A number of atomic lines of Ti I and II were observed in the wavelength of 250-850 nm. The intensity of Ti II emission increased 1.3-5.6 times by introducing oxygen molecules at a pressure of 5.8 × 10⁻⁵ Pa, whereas that of Ti I decreased 0.5-0.8 times. Factors enhancing or reducing photon intensities were plotted as a function of energy of the corresponding electrons in the excited states for Ti atoms and Ti⁺ ions.     

Multimode saturation resonances in optogalvanic spectroscopy: Application to the determination of lande g-factors in zirconium

Resonances corresponding to the matching of laser mode intervals with Lapmor precessional frequencies have been oberved in the discharge current for four transitions in the spectrum of atomic Zr, introduced into a gas discharge by cathodic sputtering. Signals were observed for lower as well as for upper levels. The measured g-factors for the states 4d²5s(a⁴F)5p ³F_2,3,4 and 4d²5s(a²P)5P ³P₂ are symmetrically higher than values given in the literature.