Structural and magnetic properties of three one-dimensional azido-bridged copper(II) and manganese(II) coordination polymers

Three one-dimensional (1D) azido-bridged coordination polymers of formula [Cu(L)(N3)2]n (1), [Cu2(Me-L)(N3)4]n (2), and [Mn(L)(N3)2]n (3) have been synthesized and structurally characterized, and their magnetic properties studied, where L and Me-L are 2-(pyrazol-1-ylmethyl)pyridine and 2-(3-methylpyrazol-1-ylmethyl)pyridine, respectively. Compound 1 consists of 1D chains in which the Cu(II) ions with a square pyramidal geometry are alternately bridged by an end-to-end (EE) and an end-on (EO) azido ligands, both adopting a basal-apical disposition. Compound 2 exhibits an unprecedented chain topology built via three different kinds of EO azido bridges. Four Cu(II) ions in the square pyramidal environment are alternately bridged by single and double EO bridges to form a tetranuclear cyclic ring, and neighboring rings are interlinked by double EO bridges to generate a "chain of rings". The intraannular double azido ions are disposed between metal ions in a basal-basal fashion, and the other two kinds of azido ions adopt the basal-apical disposition. Compound 3 consists of 1D concave-convex chains in which cis-octahedrally coordinated Mn(II) ions are alternately bridged by double EE and double EO bridges. There exist pi-pi interactions between the ligands bound to the neighboring Mn(II) ions bridged by the EO bridges. Temperature- and field-dependent magnetic analyses reveal alternate ferromagnetic interactions for 1, dominating ferromagnetic interactions for 2, and alternating ferro- and antiferromagnetic interactions through the EO and EE azido bridges for 3, respectively.     

From achiral ligands to chiral coordination polymers: spontaneous resolution, weak ferromagnetism, and topological ferrimagnetism

Using the achiral diazine ligands bearing two bidentate pyridylimino groups as sources of conformational chirality, five azido-bridged coordination polymers are prepared and characterized crystallographically and magnetically. The chirality of the molecular units is induced by the coordination of the diazine ligands in a twisted chiral conformation. The use of L(1) (1,4-bis(2-pyridyl)-1-amino-2,3-diaza-1,3-butadiene) and L(2) (1,4-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,4-diamino-2,3-diaza-1,3-butadiene) induces spontaneous resolution, yielding conglomerates of chiral compounds [Mn(3)(L(1))(2)(N(3))(6)](n) (1) and [Mn(2)(L(2))(2)(N(3))(3)](n)(ClO(4))(n).nH(2)O (2), respectively, where triangular (1) or double helical (2) chiral units are connected into homochiral one-dimensional (1D) chains via single end-to-end (EE) azido bridges. The chains are stacked via hydrogen bonds in a homochiral fashion to yield chiral crystals. When L(3) (2,5-bis(2-pyridyl)-3,4-diaza-2,4-hexadiene) is employed, a partial spontaneous resolution occurs, where binuclear chiral units are interlinked into fish-scale-like homochiral two-dimensional (2D) layers via single EE azido bridges. The layers are stacked in a heterochiral or homochiral fashion to yield simultaneously a racemic compound, [Mn(2)(L(3))(N(3))(4)](n) (3a), and a conglomerate, [Mn(2)(L(3))(N(3))(4)](n).nMeOH (3b). On the other hand, the ligand without amino and methyl substituents (L(4), 1,4-bis(2-pyridyl)-2,3-diaza-1,3-butadiene) does not induce spontaneous resolution. The resulting compound, [Mn(2)(L(4))(N(3))(4)](n) (4), consists of centrosymmetric 2D layers with alternating single diazine, single EE azido, and double end-on (EO) azido bridges, where the chirality is destroyed by the centrosymmetric double EO bridges. These compounds exhibit very different magnetic behaviors. In particular, 1 behaves as a metamagnet built of homometallic ferrimagnetic chains with a unique "fused-triangles" topology, 2 behaves as a 1D antiferromagnet with alternating antiferromagnetic interactions, 3a and 3b behave as spin-canted weak ferromagnets with different critical temperatures, and 4 also behaves as a spin-canted weak ferromagnet but exhibits two-step magnetic transitions.     

New one-dimensional azido-bridged manganese(II) coordination polymers exhibiting alternating ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic interactions: structural and magnetic studies

Five Mn(II)[bond]azido coordination polymers of formula [Mn(L)(N(3))(2)](n) have been synthesized and crystallographically characterized, and their magnetic properties studied, where L's are the bidentate Schiff bases obtained from the condensation of pyridine-2-carbaldehyde with aniline (1) and its derivatives p-toluidine (2), m-toluidine (3), p-chloroaniline (4), and m-chloroaniline (5). All the complexes consist of the zigzag Mn(II)[bond]azido chains in which the Mn(II) ions are alternately bridged by two end-to-end (EE) and two end-on (EO) azido ligands, the cis-octahedral coordination being completed by the two nitrogen atoms of the Schiff base ligands. Compound 2 is unique in that the Mn[bond](EE-N(3))(2)[bond]Mn ring adopts an unusual twist conformation with the two linear azido bridges crossing each other. By contrast, the rings in the other compounds take the usual chair conformation with the two azido bridges parallel. The double EO bridging fragments in the complexes are similar with the bridging angles (Mn[bond]N[bond]Mn) ranging from 99.6 degrees to 104.0 degrees. Magnetic analyses reveal that alternating ferro- and antiferromagnetic interactions are mediated through the alternating EO and EE azido bridges with the J(F) and J(AF) parameters in the ranges of 4.1-8.0 and -11.8 to -15.4 cm(-1), respectively. Finally, the magnetostructural correlations are investigated. The present complexes follow the general trend that the ferromagnetic interaction through the double EO bridge increases with the Mn[bond]N[bond]Mn bridging angle, while the antiferromagnetic interaction through the double EE bridge is dependent on the distortion of the Mn[bond](N(3))(2)[bond]Mn ring from planarity toward the chair conformation and the Mn[bond]N[bond]N angle.     

Magnetic systems with mixed carboxylate and azide bridges: slow relaxation in Co(II) metamagnet and spin frustration in Mn(II) compound

Two coordination polymers formulated as [{[Co(2)(L)(N(3))(4)]·2DMF}(n) (1) and [Mn(2)(L)(H(2)O)(0.5)(N(3))(8)](n) (2) (L = 1,4-bis(4-carboxylatopyridinium-1-methyl)benzene) were synthesized and structurally and magnetically characterized. In compound 1, the anionic uniform Co(II) chains with mixed (μ-EO-N(3))(2)(μ-COO) triple bridges (EO = end-on) are cross-linked by the cationic bis(pyridinium) spacers to generate 2D coordination layers. It was demonstrated that the triple bridges mediate ferromagnetic coupling and that the compound represents a new example of the rare systems exhibiting the coexistence of antiferromagnetic ordering, metamagnetism, and slow magnetic dynamics. Compound 2 features the magnetic Δ-chain formed from isosceles triangular units with single μ-EE-N(3) and double (μ-EO-N(3))(μ-COO) bridges (EE = end-to-end). The Δ-chains are interlinked by long organic ligands into a 3D framework with novel net topology and 3-fold interpenetration. The magnetic properties of 2 indicate the presence of spin frustration characteristic of Δ-chains with antiferromagnetic interactions.     

Spin canting and metamagnetism in 2D and 3D cobalt(II) coordination networks with alternating double end-on and double end-to-end azido bridges

By employing an N,N'-ditopic spacer 2-aminopyrazine (ampyz), two-dimensional (2D) (1) and three-dimensional (3D) (2) azido-bridged cobalt(II) coordination networks with the identical formula [Co(N(3))(2)(ampyz)](n) have been synthesized and characterized structurally and magnetically. Compound 1 was prepared by the layer diffusion method in ambient temperature and crystallized in the high symmetric space group Immm. The 2D square-grid structure of 1 contains the perfect symmetric linear of alternating double end-on (EO) and double end-to-end (EE) azido-bridged Co(II) chains which are linked together by an ampyz spacer in trans-arrangement. The intralayer π-π stacking interactions among ampyz spacers additionally stabilize this layer. The adjacent 2D layers are assembled by the intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the NH(2) of the ampyz and the EE azido ligands building a 3D structure. Compound 2 was prepared by a hydrothermal technique and shows a 3D framework containing a zigzag chain of similarly alternating double EO and double EE azido-bridged Co(II) center. In contrast, this chain is linked by two ampyz spacers in cis-fashion giving rise to a 3D structure. The magnetic investigation of 1 shows the coexistence of a big spin canting angle and metamagnetism having magnetic ordering at 10 K, whereas the magnetic behavior of 2 simply exhibits spin-canted antiferromagnetism below T(N) of 16 K.     

Synthesis, structures, and magnetism of copper(II) and manganese(II) coordination polymers with azide and pyridylbenzoates

Three transition-metal coordination polymers with azide and/or carboxylate bridges have been synthesized from 4-(3-pyridyl)benzoic acid (4,3-Hpybz) and 4-(4-pyridyl)benzoic acid (4,4-Hpybz) and characterized by X-ray crystallography and magnetic measurements. Compound 1, [Cu(4,3-pybz)(N(3))](n), consists of 2D coordination networks in which the uniform chains with (μ-EO-N(3))(μ-COO) double bridges are cross-linked by the 4,3-pybz ligands. Compound 2, [Cu(2)(4,4-pybz)(3)(N(3))](n)·3nH(2)O, consists of 2-fold interpenetrated 3D coordination networks with the α-Po topology, in which the six-connected dinuclear motifs with mixed (μ-EO-N(3))(μ-COO)(2) (EO = end-on) triple bridges are linked by the 4,4-pybz spacers. Compound 3, [Mn(4,4-pybz)(N(3))(H(2)O)(2)](n), contains 2D manganese(II) coordination networks in which the chains with single μ-EE-N(3) bridges (EE = end-to-end) are interlinked by the 4,4-pybz ligands, and the structure also features a 2D hydrogen-bonded network in which Mn(II) ions are linked by double triatomic bridges, (μ-EE-N(3))(O-H···N) and (O-H···O)(2). Magnetic studies indicated that the mixed azide and carboxylate bridges in 1 and 2 induce ferromagnetic coupling between Cu(II) ions and that 3 features antiferromagnetic coupling through the EE-azide bridge. In addition, compound 1 exhibits antiferromagnetic ordering below 6.2 K and behaves as a field-induced metamagnet. A magnetostructural survey indicates a general trend that the ferromagnetic coupling through the mixed bridges decreases as the Cu-N-Cu angle increases.     

Two-dimensional homochiral manganese(II)-azido frameworks incorporating an achiral ligand: partial spontaneous resolution and weak ferromagnetism

By incorporating an achiral diazine ligand, 2-pyridylmethylketazine, which can be locked in a chiral conformation upon coordination, into the manganese(II)-azido system, we induced a homochiral 2D network, in which neighboring Mn(II) ions are bridged via a diazine and two end-on azido ligands into chiral dimeric units, and neighboring units are interlinked via single end-to-end azido bridges. The interdimer chirality preservation is achieved via the homochiral 1D helical linkage formed by Mn(II) and end-to-end azido ions. The 2D layers are stacked in hetero- and homochiral fashion to yield simultaneously racemic and chiral crystals, indicating a partial spontaneous resolution. Both compounds behave as spin-canted weak ferromagnets, but the critical temperatures are different.     

Manganese(II) coordination polymers with mixed azide and pyridylbenzoate N-oxide ligands: structures and magnetism

Two novel Mn(II) coordination polymers with azide and 4-(4-pyridyl)benzoic acid N-oxide (4,4-Hopybz) were synthesized and structurally and magnetically characterized. They are formulated as {[Mn(2)(4,4-opybz)(2)(N(3))(2)(H(2)O)(2)]·H(2)O}(n) (1) and {[Mn(4)(4,4-opybz)(5)(N(3))(H(2)O)(8)](N(3))(2)·2H(2)O}(n) (2). Compound 1 contains 2D coordination layers in which the infinite Mn(II) chains with alternating (μ-EO-N(3))(2)(μ-COO) (EO = end-on) and (μ-COO)(μ-O) bridges are interlinked by the backbones of the organic ligands. Compound 2 is a 3D metal-organic framework in which the unique linear tetranuclear clusters with (μ-EO-N(3))(μ-COO) and (μ-COO)(μ-O) bridges are cross-linked by organic backbones, and it represents a new example of the rare 8-connected self-catenated 3D net with the point symbol 4(16)·6(12). Magnetic analyses on the compounds have been performed in the classical-spin approximation, revealing that all the above-mentioned mixed bridging motifs induce weak antiferromagnetic interactions between Mn(II) ions.     

Manganese(II)-carboxylate-pseudohalide systems derived from 1,4-bis(4-carboxylatopyridinium-1-methylene)benzene: structures and magnetism

The reactions of manganese(II) acetate or perchlorate, sodium azide or sodium cyanate, and the zwitterionic dicarboxylate ligand 1,4-bis(4-carboxylatopyridinium-1-methylene)benzene (L) under different conditions yielded three different Mn(II) coordination polymers with mixed carboxylate and azide (or cyanate) bridges: {[Mn (L(1))(0.5)(N(3))(OAc)]·3H(2)O}(n) (1), {[Mn(4)(L(1))(N(3))(8)(H(2)O)(4)(CH(3)OH)(2)]·[L(1)]}(n) (2), and {[Mn(3)(L(1))(NCO)(6)(H(2)O)(4)]·[L(1)]·[H(2)O](2)}(n) (3). The compounds exhibit diverse structures and magnetic properties. In 1, the 1D uniform anionic [Mn(N(3))(COO)(2)](n) chains with the (μ-EO-N(3))(μ-COO)(2) triple bridges (EO = end-on) are interlinked by the dipyridinium L ligands into highly undulated 2D layers. Magnetic studies on 1 reveal that the mixed triple bridges induce antiferromagnetic coupling between Mn(II) ions. Compounds 2 and 3 consist of 1D neutral polymeric chains and co-crystallized zwitterions, and the chains are formed by the L ligands interlinking linear polynuclear units. The polynuclear unit in 2 is tetranuclear with (μ-EO-N(3))(2) as central bridges and (μ-EO-N(3))(2)(μ-COO) as peripheral bridges, while that in 3 is trinuclear with (μ-NCO)(2)(μ-COO) bridges. Magnetic studies demonstrate that the magnetic coupling through the mixed azide/isocyanate and carboxylate bridges in 2 and 3 is antiferromagnetic. An expression of magnetic susceptibility based on a 2-J model for linear tetranuclear systems of classical spins has been deduced and applied to 2.     

One-dimensional azido-bridged chiral metal complexes with ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic interactions: syntheses, structures, and magnetic studies

One-dimensional chiral copper(II) and manganese(II) coordination polymers with single asymmetric end-to-end (EE) azide bridges, [Cu(R-L)2(N3)]n(ClO4)n (1), [Cu(S-L)2 (N3)]n(ClO4)n (2), [Mn(R-L)2(N3)]n(ClO4)n (3), and [Mn(S-L)2(N3)]n(ClO4)n (4) (R-L or S-L = R- or S-pyridine-2-carbaldehyde-imine), have been synthesized, using azide ions as bridging groups and chiral Schiff bases as auxiliary ligands, and characterized. The crystal structure determination of complexes 1 and 2 reveals the formation of one-dimensional chiral chains, in which the central Cu(II) ion is six-coordinate in the form of an elongated octahedron. Complex 3 consists of chiral helical polymeric chains, in which the central Mn(II) has a slightly distorted octahedral geometry. They all crystallize in the chiral space group P2(1). Complexes 1 and 2 are rare examples that exhibit ferromagnetic interaction between copper(II) ions through the single end-to-end azido bridge. Fitting the susceptibility data for 1 using a 1D uniform chain model led to the parameters J = 0.70(3) cm(-1), g = 2.06(2), and zj' = 0.07(2) cm(-1). The magnetic studies on 3 and 4 show that there is weak antiferromagnetic coupling between the manganese(II) ions.     

Weak M(II)-azide-4,4'-bipy ferromagnets based on unusual diamondoid (M = Mn) and 2D arrays (M = Co, Ni)

Four compounds of general formula [M(4,4'bipy)(N(3))2](n) (M = Mn (1), Zn (2), Co (3), Ni (4)) have been synthesized and magnetostructurally characterized by means of X-ray diffraction analysis, IR and ESR spectroscopies, and measurements of the magnetic susceptibility and magnetization. Compound 1 (C(10)H(8)N(8)Mn) crystallizes in the tetragonal P4(3)2(1)2 space group, Z = 4, with a = 8.229(2), b = 8.229(2), and c = 16.915(2) A. It exhibits an acentric 3D structure where Mn(II) ions are linked through EE-azide groups resulting in a diamondoid network. The 4,4'bipy ligands are coordinated on the axial positions of the octahedral spheres reinforcing the intermetallic connections. Weak ferromagnetism arising from spin canting is observed for compound 1. Compounds 2, 3, and 4 are proposed to be isomorphous and would consist of a 2D array where alternating EO + EE/EO + EE/EO + EO azide-chains are linked by 4,4'bipy ligands resulting in pi-pi stacked pyridyl-columns. The azido ligand dispositions in compounds 3 and 4 make possible systems of type -AF-AF-F-, which would give rise to a topological ferromagnetic behavior.     

Three-dimensional networks based on trinuclear motifs with tricomponent azide-carboxylate-tetrazolate cobridges: synthesis, structure and magnetic properties

Two 3D coordination polymers of Mn(II) with azide and bifunctional zwitterionic ligands bearing both carboxylate and tetrazolate groups, 1-(carboxylatomethyl)-3-(5-tetrazolato)pyridinium (L(1)) and 1-(carboxylatoethyl)-4-(5-tetrazolato)pyridinium (L(2)), were synthesized, and structurally and magnetically characterized. They are formulated as [Mn(3)(L(1))(2)(N(3))(4)(H(2)O)(2)](n)·4nH(2)O (1) and [Mn(3)(L(2))(2)(N(3))(4)(H(2)O)(3)](n)·3.5nH(2)O (2). In both compounds, octahedral Mn(II) ions are linked by the mixed (μ(2)-EO-N(3))(μ(2)-syn,syn-COO)(μ(2)-N(2),N(3)-CN(4)) (CN(4) = tetrazolate and EO = end-on) triple bridges to give anionic linear trinuclear motifs. The motifs are connected through EE-N(3) (EE = end-to-end) bridges to give layers and chains in 1 and 2, respectively, and the cationic pyridinium spacers serve to interlink the layers or chains into three-dimensional frameworks with the α-Po and CdSO(4)-type topology, respectively. Magnetic studies demonstrated that the magnetic interactions within and between the trinuclear motifs, through the tricomponent and EE-N(3) bridges, respectively, are both antiferromagnetic in both compounds.     

Structural diversity and magnetic properties in 1D and 2D azido-bridged cobalt(II) complexes with 1,2-bis(2-pyridyl)ethylene

By utilizing a flexible co-ligand 1,2-bis(2-pyridyl)ethylene (2,2'-bpe), two new azido-bridged cobalt(II) complexes with the formulae [Co?(N?)?(OH?)?(2,2'-bpe)?](n)(2,2'-bpe)(n) (1) and [Co(N?)?(2,2'-bpe)?](n) (2) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Compound 1 shows an uncommon 1D chain comprised of double EO azido bridged five- and six-coordinated Co(II) geometries in a unique (-5-5-6-)(n) sequence of the coordination number. The 2,2'-bpe acts as a terminal co-ligand and an uncoordinated molecule in the crystal lattice. Moreover the adjacent 1D chain is assembled by C-Hπ interactions and the intermolecular hydrogen bonding between uncoordinated 2,2'-bpe and coordinated water molecules building a 2D layer. Whereas, compound 2 is a 2D coordination network containing the alternating double EO and double EE bridging modes of azides and ditopic 2,2'-bpe bridges. The magnetic investigation of 1 reveals dominant intra-chain ferromagnetic interactions, with the double EO azide-bridge and weak inter-chain antiferromagnetic interactions, with overall metamagnetic behaviour, having magnetic ordering at 6 K. The magnetic behaviour of 2 shows spin-canted antiferromagnetism below a T(N) of 12 K.     

2D Compound Constructed by Cu3 Units with Mixed Azido and Tetrazole Double Bridges: Synthesis,Structure, and Theoretical Study on Magnetic Properties

The two‐dimensional (2D) layer Cu^II compound [Cu₃(L)₂(N₃)₄] ( 1 ) [L = 2‐amino‐3‐(5‐tetrazole)‐methyate‐N‐pyridine] was synthesized by in‐situ hydrothermal reaction of CuCl₂ · 2H₂O, NaN₃, and 3‐(5‐tetrazole)‐methyate‐N‐pyridine. The central Cu1 and Cu2 atoms are located in five‐coordinate and six‐coordinate arrangements, respectively. Three Cu^II ions are linked by mixed double EO (end‐on)‐azido‐tetrazole bridges to give trinuclear Cu^II clusters, which are further extended by EE (end‐to‐end) azido bridges to form 2D metal‐organic layers. The magnetic exchange interactions in complex 1 were investigated by DFT calculations, and the calculated exchange interaction (J = –849 cm^–1) revealed that the double EO‐azido‐tetrazole bridges transmit antiferromagnetic coupling between Cu^II ions.     

Diverse structures and magnetism of cobalt(II) and manganese(II) compounds with mixed azido and carboxylato bridges induced by methylpyridinium carboxylates

Herein we present a systematic study of the structures and magnetic properties of six coordination compounds with mixed azide and zwitterionic carboxylate ligands, [M(N₃)₂(2‐mpc)] (2‐mpc=N‐methylpyridinium‐2‐carboxylate; M=Co for 1 and Mn for 2 ), [M(N₃)₂(4‐mpc)] (4‐mpc=N‐methylpyridinium‐4‐carboxylate; M=Co for 3 and Mn for 4 ), [Co₃(N₃)₆(3‐mpc)₂(CH₃OH)₂] ( 5 ), and [Mn₃(N₃)₆(3‐mpc)₂] ( 6 ; 3‐mpc=N‐methylpyridinium‐3‐carboxylate). Compounds 1 – 3 consist of one‐dimensional uniform chains with (μ‐EO‐N₃)₂(μ‐COO) triple bridges (EO=end‐on); 5 is also a chain compound but with alternating [(μ‐EO‐N₃)₂(μ‐COO)] triple and [(EO‐N₃)₂] double bridges; Compound 4 contains two‐dimensional layers with alternating [(μ‐EO‐N₃)₂(μ‐COO)] triple, [(μ‐EO‐N₃)(μ‐COO)] double, and (EE‐N₃) single bridges (EE=end‐to‐end); 6 is a layer compound in which chains similar to those in 5 are cross‐linked by a μ₃‐1,1,3‐N₃ azido group. Magnetically, the three Co^II compounds ( 1 , 3 , and 5 ) all exhibit intrachain ferromagnetic interactions but show distinct bulk properties: 1 displays relaxation dynamics at very low temperature, 3 is an antiferromagnet with field‐induced metamagnetism due to weak antiferromagnetic interchain interactions, and 5 behaves as a noninnocent single‐chain magnet influenced by weak antiferromagnetic interchain interactions. The magnetic differences can be related to the interchain interactions through π–π stacking influenced by different substitution positions in the ligands and/or different magnitudes of intrachain coupling. All of the Mn^II compounds show overall intrachain/intralayer antiferromagnetic interactions. Compound 2 shows the usual one‐dimensional antiferromagnetism, whereas 4 and 6 exhibit different weak ferromagnetism due to spin canting below 13.8 and 4.6 K, respectively.     

Synthesis,crystal structure,and properties of copper(II) and manganese(II) complexes with azide and 3,4-di(2′-pyridyl)-1,2,5-oxadiazole

Two transition metal complexes with azide and 3,4-di(2′-pyridyl)-1,2,5-oxadiazole (dpo), [Cu₂(dpo)₂(N₃)₄] (1), and [Mn(dpo)₂(N₃)₂] (2), have been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The Cu(II) complex is binuclear with double end-on (EO) azido bridges, in which each Cu(II) ion assumes a distorted square pyramidal geometry, and each EO azido bridge adopts a quasi-symmetric fashion. In contrast, the Mn(II) complex is mononuclear, in which the Mn(II) ion is ligated by two dpo ligands and two terminal azide ions, with a distorted octahedron geometry. Magnetic studies on the Cu(II) complex revealed that the double EO azido bridge mediates ferromagnetic coupling with J=12.8 cm⁻¹.     

Assembly of [Mn(II)2Mn(III)2] S = 9 clusters via azido bridges: a new single-chain magnet

In the present work, we report a new manganese single-chain magnet built from tetranuclear Mn(II)(2)Mn(III)(2) mixed-valence units linked by end-on azido and oximato bridges. All of the intra- and intercluster interactions involve end-on azido bridges, resulting in one ferromagnetic chain of ferromagnetic clusters with local ground state S = 9.     

Magnetic ordering in three-dimensional metal-organic frameworks based on carboxylate bridged square-grid layers

Three isomorphous metal-organic frameworks of formula [M(ppdc)(H(2)O)(2)](n) [M = Mn(II), Fe(II), and Co(II)] were synthesized from sodium p-phenylenediacrylic (Na(2)ppdc). Crystallographic studies revealed that the compounds are layer-pillared 3D frameworks in which the square-grid M(II) layers with single carboxylate bridges are interlinked by long organic spacers with large interlayer separations of about 13 ?. Magnetic investigations indicated that they all display intralayer antiferromagnetic interactions through the carboxylate bridges in the unusual skew-skew coordination mode but the bulk behaviors are quite different. The Co(II) compound, like most compounds containing similar M-O-C-O-M layers, shows no 3D magnetic ordering down to 2 K, while the Mn(II) and Fe(II) compounds exhibit spin-canted ordering, behaving as a weak ferromagnet (T(C) = 3.8 K) and a metamagnet (T(N) = 3.8 K, H(c) = 650 Oe), respectively. Spin-canted ordering is still a rarity in this series of materials. Magnetostructural comparisons with analogous compounds indicate that the occurrence of spin-canted ordering can be related to the uncommon skew-skew and anti-anti coordination modes of carboxylate bridges, which induce stronger antiferromagnetic interactions than the common syn-anti mode.     

Crystal structures and magnetic properties of 2,3,5,6-tetrakis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine (tppz)-containing copper(II) complexes

Four new copper(II) complexes of formula [Cu(2)(tppz)(dca)(3)(H(2)O)].dca.3H(2)O (1), [Cu(5)(tppz)(N(3))(10)](n)() (2), [[Cu(2)(tppz)(N(3))(2)][Cu(2)(N(3))(6)]](n)() (3), and [Cu(tppz)(N(3))(2)].0.33H(2)O (4) [tppz = 2,3,5,6-tetrakis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine and dca = dicyanamide anion] have been synthesized and structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction methods. The structure of complex 1 is made up of dinuclear tppz-bridged [Cu(2)(tppz)(dca)(3)(H(2)O)](+) cations, uncoordinated dca anions, and crystallization water molecules. The copper-copper separation across bis-terdentate tppz is 6.5318(11) A. Complex 2 is a sheetlike polymer whose asymmetric unit contains five crystallographically independent copper(II) ions. These units are building blocks in double chains in which the central part consists of a zigzag string of copper atoms bridged by double end-on azido bridges, and the outer parts are formed by dinuclear tppz-bridged entities which are bound to the central part through single end-on azido bridges. The chains are furthermore connected through weak, double out-of-plane end-on azido bridges, yielding a sheet structure. The intrachain copper-copper separations in 2 are 6.5610(6) A across bis-terdentate tppz, 3.7174(5) and 3.8477(5) A across single end-on azido bridges, and from 3.0955(5) to 3.2047(7) A across double end-on azido bridges. The double dca bridge linking the chains into sheets yields a copper-copper separation of 3.5984(7) A. The structure of 3 consists of centrosymmetric [Cu(2)(tppz)(N(3))(2)](2+) and [Cu(2)(N(3))(6)](2)(-) units which are linked through axial Cu.N(azido) (single end-on and double end-to-end coordination modes) type interactions to afford a neutral two-dimensional network. The copper-copper separations within the cation and anion are is 6.5579(5) A (across the bis-terdentate tppz ligand) and 3.1034(6) A (across the double end-on azido bridges), whereas those between the units are 3.6652(4) A (through the single end-on azido group) and 5.3508(4) A (through the double end-to-end azido bridges). The structure of complex 4 is built of neutral [Cu(tppz)(N(3))(2)] mononuclear units and uncoordinated water molecules. The mononuclear units are grouped by pairs to give a rather short copper-copper separation of 3.9031(15) A. The magnetic properties of 1-4 have been investigated in the temperature range 1.9-300 K. The magnetic behavior of complexes 1 and 4 is that of antiferromagnetically coupled copper(II) dimers with J = -43.7 (1) and -2.1 cm(-)(1) (4) (the Hamiltonian being H = -JS(A).S(B)). An overall ferromagnetic behavior is observed for complexes 2 and 3. Despite the structural complexity of 2, its magnetic properties correspond to those of magnetically isolated tppz-bridged dinuclear copper(II) units with an intermediate antiferromagnetic coupling (J = -37.5 cm(-)(1)) plus a ferromagnetic chain of hexanuclear double azido-bridged copper(II) units (the values of the magnetic coupling within and between the hexameric units being +61.1 and +0.0062 cm(-)(1), respectively). Finally, the magnetic properties of 3 were successfully analyzed through a model of a copper(II) chain with regular alternating of three ferromagnetic interactions, J(1) = +69.4 (across the double end-on azido bridges in the equatorial plane), J(2) = +11.2 (through the tppz bridge), and J(3) = +3.4 cm(-)(1) (across the single end-on azido bridge).     

Hydrogencyanamide-bridged one-dimensional polymers built on Mn(III)-Schiff base fragments: synthesis, structure, and magnetism

The ability of NCNH(-) to construct transition metal coordination polymers and to transmit magnetic coupling was investigated. By introduction of various tetradentate Schiff base ligands (L) and different solvents (S), nine NCNH(-)-bridged manganese(III) coordination complexes were obtained. Their structures can be divided into three types: I) NCNH-bridged chains built on mononuclear [Mn(III)(L)] units, [Mn(III)(L)(mu(1,3)-NCNH)](n) (L=5-Brsalen (1), 5-Clsalen (2)); II) NCNH-bridged chains built on dinuclear [Mn(III) (2)(L)(2)] units, complexes 3-8, [Mn(III) (2)(L)(2)(mu(1,3)-NCNH)]ClO(4)S (L=salen, 5-Fsalen, 5-Clsalen, 5-OCH(3)salen; S=CH(3)OH or C(2)H(5)OH); III) NCNH-bridged Mn(III) dimers linked by hydrogen bonds into a 1D polymer, {[Mn(III)(3-OCH(3)salen)(H(2)O)](2)(mu(1,3)-NCNH)}ClO(4) x 0.5 H(2)O (9, salen=N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-1,2-diaminoethane). In these complexes, the N[triple chemical bond]C--NH(-) resonance structure dominates the bonding mode of the NCNH(-) ligand adopting the mu(1,3)-bridging mode. Magnetic characterization shows that the asymmetric NCNH(-) bridge transmits antiferromagnetic interaction between Mn(III) ions and often favors the weak ferromagnetism caused by spin canting in these one-dimensional chains. However, these complexes exhibit different magnetic behaviors at low temperatures.