反向场位形下的引导中心哈密顿函数

本文给出了反向场位形中场反向处引导中心哈密顿函数。在零级磁场线性近似下给出粒子运动及引导中心位置的精确解,分析了解的特性。小磁场注向分量对引导中心哈密顿函数的贡献由李变换方法求取。最后讨论了该哈密顿函数的性质并和数值结果作了比较。该理论可以用来研究带电粒子在行星际空间电流片、磁尾中性片以及实验室中反向场箍缩中的运动特性。     

强度关联耦合下两个二能级原子与Pólya态光场相互作用系统的量子特性

利用全量子理论计算方法,探究了在强度关联耦合下两个二能级原子与单模Pólya态光场相互作用系统中原子线性熵粒子布局数反转以及信息熵压缩随时间的演化规律.分析了原子初态、光场参量p和r以及Lamb-Dicke参量η对原子线性熵、粒子布局数反转以及信息熵压缩的影响.结果表明:当原子处于不同的初态时,相互作用系统表现出完全不同的量子特性;光场参量p增大使得各个物理量振荡周期增大;光场参量r增大,使振幅发生变化,破坏粒子布局数反转崩塌-复原现象以及信息熵压缩效应.     

地球磁层电磁场中粒子引导中心漂移运动模型的周期轨

运用Mawhin重合度理论探讨了一类非线性问题的周期解,然后将其应用于地球磁层电磁场中粒子引导中心漂移运动模型的周期轨的研究,得到了一定条件下该模型存在周期轨的结果.     

疲劳损伤系统裂尖粒子运动随机分叉理论研究

采用随机分叉理论,探讨疲劳损伤系统裂尖粒子运动性质突变.利用一维扩散过程的奇点理 论,并结合能量包络的随机平均法,建立了随机扰动的疲劳损伤同宿分叉系统裂尖粒子运动 模型;通过研究奇异边界的扩散指数、漂移指数以及特征指数特性,考查疲劳损伤裂尖粒子 运动的同宿分叉系统受参激白噪声影响的分叉行为. 关键词：     

主丛上右移不变的度规和变分原理——兼论丛空间作为时空和内部空间的统一

我们讨论了在规范理论的主丛表述中对主丛空间赋予度规的问题,以及如何把粒子和物质场的变分原理写为主丛上不变的形式。证明了:主丛上右移不变的度规中必包含变换性质全同于规范势的量;这样就提供了规范场的一种新表述。此外,我们把粒子运动的主丛上变分原理表述为:粒子沿主丛上水平短程线运动;由此导出了非Abel规范场中粒子的Wong运动方程。又阐述了把主丛空间作为时空和内部空间相统一的物理空间的观点;并指出了这一观点对于理解规范变换和规范不变性的实质,以及建立引力场和规范场的统一理论都有重大的好处。     

一种广义的J-C模型:相互作用场频率随时间变化

J-C模型描述了二能级原子与单模电磁场的相互作用.在研究光与物质相互作用问题中,J-C模型在理论和实验方面均受到了广泛的关注.在本工作中,我们考虑了一种广义的J-C模型,即相互作用光场频率随时间以正弦形式作小量变化的情形.通过数值求解相互作用系统的运动方程,研究了频率变化对原子布居数反转性质、相互作用场的压缩性质、关联性质以及原子的压缩性质的影响.例如:布居数反转的崩塌回复现象将减慢、光场的二级关联出现准周期性的震荡,而光场的压缩性质随时间的演化也明显不同于标准J-C模型的情况.同时,我们对这些新的现象作了定性的分析.     

反转岛附近原子核奇特性质研究进展

反转岛附近原子核奇特性质的研究是当前核物理研究的热点。 首先简要回顾和介绍了反转岛附近原子核奇特性质的实验进展, 然后介绍了对这些奇特核性质的理论研究进展。 主要包括相对论平均场模型、 壳模型、 Hartree Fock模型和宏观 微观模型在该区域的发展和研究结果。 重点介绍了宏观 微观模型在反转岛附近原子核奇特性质研究中的进展。 此外, 还分析和比较了各种理论模型在描述反转岛附近原子核性质上取得的成功和模型之间的差异。     

Cr4+：YAG被动调Q激光器中受激粒子上转换效应对脉冲的影响研究

分析和报道了受激粒子能量上转换(ETU)效应对Cr:YAG 被动调Q Nd:YAG/Nd:YVO₄激光器的输出脉冲影响研究.结合ETU理论分析和被动调Q速率方程组，得到了初始反转粒子密度，末态反转粒子密度和光强最大时反转粒子密度的比值变化对激光输出脉冲宽度和脉冲能量的影响，和实验结果相一致.同时讨论了降低ETU效应的方法，有助于这类被动调Q激光器的优化设计. 关键词： 受激粒子能量上转换 Cr:YAG饱和吸收体 被动调Q     

带电粒子在地磁场中的运动及Mathematica数值模拟

基于单粒子轨道模型和地磁场偶极子模型,考虑相对论效应,对近地球区域磁场中运动的带电粒子轨迹使用Mathematica软件中六阶龙格—库塔算法进行数值计算和模拟,并对极光现象的产生进行了解释,同时讨论了带电粒子在地磁场中运动的引导中心近似.结果表明：1)从地球北极方向观察,被地球磁场捕获的质子沿顺时针方向漂移,电子沿逆时针方向漂移;2)粒子各个分运动的运动周期数值模拟结果与文献中理论值非常吻合;3)从(4R_e,0,0)入射的粒子投掷角小于7.38°时,带电粒子将会与地球表面大气层碰撞而沉降,存在产生极光现象的可能.大于7.38°时,粒子将会被束缚在地磁场中,形成辐射带;4)其他条件相同时,带电粒子投掷点距离地球越远,其漂移速度越大;投掷角越大,其漂移速度也越大;5)对于能量较低的粒子,一阶近似下引导中心轨迹能很好地代表粒子实际运动轨迹.     

小粒子体系的自发磁化

从自旋波理论出发,通过直接求解Heisenberg模型,研究了低温下小粒子自旋体系的自发磁化规律。研究表明:极低温下自旋波被冻结;在任何温度范围内,Bloch T^3/2定律都不再严格成立。同时,本文还给出了小粒子中自旋受激反转几率随位置的分布,指出低温下不存在运动明显剧烈的表面层。 关键词：     

Helically symmetric N-particle solutions in scalar gravity

Within a scalar model theory of gravity, where the interaction between particles is given by the half-retarded plus half-advanced solution of the scalar wave equation, we consider an N-body problem: We investigate configurations of N particles which form an equilateral N angle and are in helical motion about their common center. We prove that there exists a unique equilibrium configuration and compute the equilibrium radius explicitly in a post-Newtonian expansion.     

Dynamics of magnetic vortices

The canonical conservation laws of linear and angular momentum in the ferromagnetic continuum have been known to be plagued by certain ambiguities which are resolved in this paper by constructing conservation laws as suitable moments of a topological density. The resulting canonical structure is then shown to be analogous to that encountered in the familiar Hall effect and explains the unusual features of the dynamics of magnetic vortices without resorting to a detailed solution of the underlying nonlinear equations. Thus, in the absence of external magnetic fields, a magnetic vortex is shown to be spontaneously pinned around a fixed guiding center. The guiding center would drift in a direction perpendicular to an applied magnetic field gradient, provided that dissipation can be neglected, with a Hall velocity that is calculated explicitly in terms of the initial configuration of the vortex. In the presence of dissipation, the vortex undergoes skew deflection at an angle δ ≠ 90° with respect to the applied field gradient. The angle δ is related to the winding number of the vortex according to the well-known golden rule of bubble dynamics.     

Passive guiding and sorting of small particles with optical binding forces

We demonstrate the possibility of serially guiding and sorting nanometer-sized particles without the use of any external control. The working principle is based on an equilibrium between scattering and binding forces, the latter depending on the properties of the particles. A configuration is proposed that utilizes this property and is shown to efficiently sort small particles as function of their size.     

Calculating the centers of mass of configurations

A formula is obtained that allows one to quickly calculate the center of mass of a configuration if all energy levels of the configuration are known. Specific formulas are derived within the single-configuration approximation for configurations that contain two particles (two electrons, two holes, or an electron and a hole) outside closed shells. The calculated centers of mass of various configurations are compared with the published data.     

Fullerenes as nuclei of carbon black particles

The existing models for the structure and inception processes of carbon black particles are analyzed taking into account the experimental data on the cluster formation. A new model of the formation of carbon black particles is proposed. The inference is made that single-layer fullerenes being the minimum possible closed carbon black particles serve as nuclei of large-sized carbon black particles. These particles grow via the deposition of carbon layers on the surface of fullerenes with defects. The defects fulfill the role of seeds that give rise to the front of the layer growth. The defect-free fullerenes do not take part in the carbon black formation due to the thermodynamic stability as a result of structural perfection. The primary carbon black particles—globules—are many-layer formations with a hole in the center whose size and configuration match the size and configuration of the initial fullerene nucleus. The layers in the form of concentric spheroids inserted into each other are composed of distorted and defect carbon networks. The flatest parts of several outer layers of carbon black particles are the regions of the coherent X-ray scattering.     

Nonlinear gain computation for the sheet beam crossed-fieldamplifier

When the RF amplitude in a crossed field device is much smaller than the external DC voltage, the energy exchange between an electron and the wave is given by the change in the potential energy of the electron guiding center. The shift of the beam center of charge follows the space bunching into “spokes” caused by the RF-induced drift. A nonlinear estimate for the gain is derived and applied to the linear format crossed-field amplifier fed by a continuous sheet beam. The adiabatic approximation for the guiding center trajectories in the low gain regime determines the fraction of trapped/streaming particles and the energy exchange for each group. The radiation gain equals the change in the electron potential energy resulting from the shift in the beam center of charge across the anode-cathode voltage. The drift kinetic energy is approximately conserved, opposed to other microwave devices converting kinetic energy into radiation. The theory accounts for the symmetry of the response curve relative to the frequency detuning ω-ω₀, and the flat top near resonance. The analytic predictions agree with the experimental measurements of the gain versus frequency response     

Structural models of electron and nucleon in general relativity

Using the interior Schwarzschild's solution, Nordström's solution and the approximative solution of Einstein's equations with the energy-momentum tensor of scalar mesonic field the structural models of electromagnetically and strongly interacting stable particles are constructed. The models represent the equilibrium configuration of the structures described by the interior Schwarzschild's solution, the gravitational and electric or mesonic field and their parameters correspond to those of electron and nucleon.     

Trajectories of Charged Particles in Radial Electric and Uniform Axial Magnetic Fields

The trajectories of charged particles were determined over a wide range of parameters characterizing the motion in cylindrical low-pressure gaseous discharges and plasma-heating devices which have steady radial electric fields E perpendicular to uniform steady magnetic flelds B. Three radial distributions of E were considered: E ? r, constant E, and E ? r-1. These distributions are characteristic of the fields measured in a modified Penning discharge, in two NASA Lewis Bum-out-type plasma-heating devices, and that estimated for the Ixion device, respectively. The plasmas of such ? × B? devices are often characterized by their high ratios of drift energy to mean particle energy, finite gyroradius effects, and sizeable electric field changes in the distance covered by a cyclotron radius. Such particle motions are not amenable to simple guiding center theory. From numerical calculations of the actual trajectories it was concluded that the differences between cyclotron frequency and qB/m, and between azimuthal drift and a guiding center approximation (including ? × B? and centrifugal force terms) are appreciable. The net cyclotron motion obtained by subtracting the actual drift from the trajectories, however, has a nearly circular contour over which the speed is quite constant.     

Surface modification for the perfluorosulfonate proton-conducting electrolyte membrane

The positively charged ions of palladium particles are obtained by reducing the solution containing metallic ions in the presence of PDDA (poly-diallyldimethylammonium chloride) medium. The nascent palladium particles are dispersed evenly on the surface of the perfluorosulfonate proton-conducting electrolyte membrane and bonded firmly to the activation center of the membrane. The mechanical strength of membrane is greatly enhanced by surface modification. And the methanol diffusion coefficients of the modified membrane are decreased prominently by the deposition of palladium particles on the surface, which serves as a natural barrier for methanol crossing.