多孔磁性明胶微球的制备与结构表征

首先通过乳化法得到磁性明胶微球, 然后在高速搅拌条件下向乳液中直接加入正硅酸乙酯(TEOS), 制备出多孔磁性明胶微球. 用SEM, TEM观察了微球的微观形貌, 发现微球呈疏松多孔状结构. 用FT-IR, TGA, VSM等测试手段对微球的结构和性能进行表征. 结果表明, 二氧化硅掺杂于磁性明胶微球中. TEOS在反应中作为明胶微球的交联固化剂, 推测其固化机理是物理交联固化. 实验证实二氧化硅改性后, 磁性明胶微球内部磁性颗粒氧化速度有所降低. 所得到的多孔磁性明胶微球表现出铁磁性.     

改性吐温-20的合成及其乳化性能

利用羟基硅油的羟基与丁二酸酐反应,合成带有羧基的改性羟基硅油,其羧基与吐温-20分子中的羟基发生酯化反应,合成了含改性羟基硅油的改性吐温-20。乳化实验结果表明,羟基硅油改性吐温-20比吐温-20具有更好的乳化效果,离心分离稳定性更好。     

Synthesis and Viscoelastic Properties of Hydrophobically Modified Hydrogels

Summary: We report the synthesis and characterization of a family of hydrophobically modified hydrogels designed to have an improved fracture resistance. A backbone of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was functionalized with double bonds and hydrophobic groups. The functionalized PAA was then crosslinked with a dithiol. The chemical structure of the gels was characterized with a combination of NMR, titration methods and rheological techniques. The crosslinked structure of the hydrogel was found to be dependent on the polymer concentration only, while the dissipative properties of the gel increased strongly at all frequencies, with the introduction of hydrophobic groups which formed reversible associations. We expect these viscoelastic hydrogels to display dramatically different properties from the unmodified hydrogels when stretched and fractured.     

明胶膜的制备及其交联性能的研究

探讨了溶剂、温度及pH值对明胶膜性能的影响，并以甲醛和戊二醛为交联剂，采用溶液交联和蒸汽交联两种方法对明胶膜进行交联改性。研究结果表明：相对于溶液交联，甲醛蒸汽交联所得膜的拉伸强度从25MPa上升到42MPa，戊二醛交联的膜的拉伸强度从15MPa上升到40MPa，而溶胀率和溶出率均有所下降，蒸汽交联的膜的性能优于溶液交联的膜。     

明胶/胶原改性的研究进展

明胶/胶原因其优良的理化性质和生物学性能而在生物材料、食品包装等方面得到了广泛的应用,但其热稳定性差、机械强度低、水汽阻隔性能差等缺点限制了它的应用,因此在很多应用场合需要对明胶/胶原进行交联改性处理。本文主要综述了近年来国内外对明胶/胶原进行共混和化学交联改性以及物理改性的研究进展,并对其作用效果进行了分析。     

Ionically Modified Gelatin Hydrogels Maintain Murine Myogenic Cell Viability and Fusion Capacity

For tissue engineering of skeletal muscles, there is a need for biomaterials which do not only allow cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation, but also support the physiological conditions of the tissue. Next to the chemical nature and structure of the biomaterial, its response to the application of biophysical stimuli, such as mechanical deformation or application of electrical pulses, can impact in vitro tissue culture. In this study, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) is modified with hydrophilic 2-acryloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride (AETA) and 3-sulfopropyl acrylate potassium (SPA) ionic comonomers to obtain a piezoionic hydrogel. Rheology, mass swelling, gel fraction, and mechanical characteristics are determined. The piezoionic properties of the SPA and AETA-modified GelMA are confirmed by a significant increase in ionic conductivity and an electrical response as a function of mechanical stress. Murine myoblasts display a viability of >95% after 1 week on the piezoionic hydrogels, confirming their biocompatibility. The GelMA modifications do not influence the fusion capacity of the seeded myoblasts or myotube width after myotube formation. These results describe a novel functionalization providing new possibilities to exploit piezo-effects in the tissue engineering field.     

微波发泡制备三聚氰胺甲醛泡沫塑料及其性能

用三聚氰胺、甲醛和DJ-1型增韧剂在碱性条件下制备了改性三聚氰胺甲醛树脂,将其与表面活性剂、发泡剂、固化剂充分混合搅拌,采用微波发泡炉在一定的功率下进行发泡制备三聚氰胺泡沫塑料.研究了增韧剂的用量、微波功率和发泡时间对泡沫结构和性能的影响.并用光学显微镜、TGA、驻波管对三聚氰胺泡沫塑料的泡孔结构、热学性能和声学性能进行了测试和分析.研究表明:当发泡液质量为50 g时,最佳发泡功率为2 kW,最佳发泡时间为60 s;DJ-1型增韧剂的加入使泡沫的韧性提高,当其质量分数为10％时,泡沫的拉伸强度达到0.112 MPa;泡沫的分解温度约400℃,此时的质量残留率接近60％;泡沫在中高频(≥1 000 Hz)区域的吸声系数高达0.9以上.     

明胶溶液中笤帚状纳米CdS的合成及其光谱特性研究

以明胶为稳定剂, 制备出CdS纳米棒, 并实现其向笤帚状纳米CdS的形貌转化. 扫描电镜(SEM)图像表明, 生长时间为2 d, 样品为棒状结构, 直径为50～140 nm, 长度为150～710 nm; 生长15 d的CdS微晶为笤帚状, 结节点直径340～620 nm, 长度2.7～8.4 μm. 探讨了其形貌转化的原因. 结合红外吸收(IR)和荧光光谱的测试结果, 提出了可能的离子络合转化和定位生长机理. 合成的CdS微晶具有一定的荧光性质, 并在紫外和荧光光谱上均表现出明显的量子尺寸效应.     

戊二醛蒸汽交联明胶材料的性能研究

利用戊二醛蒸汽对明胶材料进行交联改性。研究了交联反应时间对明胶材料力学性能、溶出性能和溶胀特性的影响。研究发现,随着交联时间的延长,交联反应从明胶瓣表面至内部逐步进行,由此可获得交联度呈梯度变化的明胶材料。研究结果表明,明胶材料的拉伸强度、模量和冲击强度随交联反应时间的延长而增加,而溶出速率和溶胀率随交联反应时间的延长而减小。蒸汽交联明胶材料的溶胀动力学不能用二次速率方程来描述。     

纳米ZnS与明胶蛋白质的相互作用

利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、同步荧光和三维荧光光谱,研究了pH=7.40条件下纳米ZnS与明胶蛋白质的相互作用。FT-IR光谱表明,ZnS与明胶中酰胺基的氮和氧原子及羧基氧可能发生键合生成了水溶性ZnS/明胶纳米生物复合物;ZnS与明胶的键合对明胶分子的内源荧光有明显的猝灭作用,其猝灭机制为静态猝灭。根据修正的Scatchard方程计算了不同温度下复合物的生成常数及反应热力学参数,结果表明反应是自发进行的吸热过程,且为熵驱动。同步荧光和三维荧光光谱表明纳米ZnS引起了明胶蛋白质构象的改变。研究结果为探究此类纳米生物复合物的制备及其在生物方面的应用提供了重要信息。     

Interfacial Properties of Hydrophobically Modified Biomolecules: Fundamental Aspects and Applications

This review describes the interfacial behavior of biomolecules, which were converted to more hydrophobic derivatives by covalent attachment of hydrophobic chains. The molecules presented are proteins (glucose oxidase, immunoglobulin G, gelatin, ovalbumin) and polysaccharides (carboxymethylcellulose, pullulan). In general, it was found that such hydrophobically modified biomolecules have enhanced surface activity and ability to penetrate into phospholipid monolayers. In addition, it has been demonstrated, that such molecules can be used as efficient emulsifiers and foaming agents, and in unique biomedical application based on combining the surface activity and recognition ability.

     

Dried Biomass of Activated Sludge for Cu2+ Adsorption: Behaviors and Mechanisms

Activated sludge was tested for its ability to remove Cu²⁺ from aqueous solution. The effects of various experimental parameters (initial pH, initial Cu²⁺ concentration, adsorbent dosage, and temperature) on Cu²⁺ adsorption were evaluated. The Langmuir isotherm model well described the adsorption of Cu²⁺ onto activated sludge. The pseudo-second-order kinetic equation was appropriate for describing the kinetic performance of the sorption. Furthermore, Webber–Morris models indicated that the sorption of Cu²⁺ was generally found to involve with the intraparticle diffusion process. Parameters of adsorption thermodynamic suggested that the interaction of Cu²⁺ adsorbed by sludge was spontaneous and exothermic. Activated sludge was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis and results showed that active groups such as –OH, –COOH, –NH₂ were involved in Cu²⁺ adsorption. Zeta potential analysis demonstrated inner-sphere adsorption for Cu²⁺ adsorption on sludge.     

水稻秸秆的改性及其对重金属Cu2+的吸附

重金属Cu2+可直接或间接危害人体,作为天然吸附剂的农业废弃物因价廉易得、来源广泛、吸附高效等优点备受青睐。本文选用水稻秸秆（RS）为吸附原料,分别经酸、碱改性后得到H2SO4-RS和NaOH-RS,通过FT-IR、SEM和BET对改性前后吸附材料的表面官能团、表观形貌和结构等理化性质进行分析,考察投加量、吸附时间、初始Cu2+浓度和离子强度对吸附效果的影响,并结合吸附动力学、吸附等温线和热力学模型对吸附过程进行探讨。结果表明：改性水稻秸秆对Cu2+达到吸附平衡所需的投加量和时间较之未改性RS大大减少,去除率由42.0%分别提升至85.9%（H2SO4-RS）和90.0%（NaOH-RS）;随初始Cu2+浓度和离子强度的增大,RS的吸附性能显著降低,H2SO4-RS有所降低,而NaOH-RS只是稍有下降,NaOH-RS对150 mg/L含Cu2+溶液的去除率仍达到84.2%,离子强度cNaCl = 0.1 mol/L时去除率维持在86.1%。吸附动力学和吸附等温实验表明水稻秸秆对Cu2+的吸附符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温模型;热力学分析显示,相同温度下RS、H2SO4-RS和NaOH-RS吸附Cu2+过程的ΔG逐渐减小,且改性后两种吸附剂的ΔG均小于0,ΔH由改性前的正值转变为负值,说明水稻秸秆改性后吸附Cu2+的自发性更强,为自发的放热过程。     

改性聚丙烯酰胺水溶液的疏水缔合性质

合成了一种疏水缔合水溶性聚丙烯酰胺共聚物,使用荧光光谱法并结合紫外及流变性实验,对制备的疏水缔合水溶性聚丙烯酰胺共聚物在水溶液中形成疏水微区、超分子聚集体及空间网络结构进行了研究,并用扫描电子显微镜证实了溶液中网络结构的存在.     

Electrokinetic properties of bare and particles containing textile

Functional, reactive and smart textiles are nowadays of great interest in the fields of both cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Textile functionalization according to demands of the consumers can only be achieved with better understanding of the properties of the textile surface as well as sound knowledge about the technique to be used to functionalize the textiles. The aim of this work was to investigate the zeta potential of polyamide textile and prepared sponge like particles as a function of pH and salinity of the electrolyte. Special attention has been dedicated to the electrokinetic properties of textile as a function of sponge like particles amount present during adsorption process. As a general tendency, streaming potential measurement showed the changes in surface charge density of textile because of the changes in pH, salinity and adsorbed particles amount. All presented results were discussed in terms of zeta potential. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

明胶/Fe2S3纳米生物复合物形成反应的热力学及明胶构象变化

在pH=7.40条件下,采用一锅化学反应法制得水溶性明胶/Fe₂S₃纳米生物复合物,扫描电镜照片显示Fe₂S₃颗粒为棒状.根据吸光度与Fe₂S₃浓度关系,由Benesi-Hildebrand方程计算了不同温度下反应的形成常数K (293 K: 14.47×10² L·mol^-1; 297 K: 9.24×10² L·mol^-1; 309 K: 1.70×10² L·mol^-1)及对应温度下反应的热力学参数(Δ_rG_m = -17.88/-16.68/-13.09 kJ·mol^-1; Δ_rH_m = -105.57 kJ·mol^-1; Δ_rS_m = -299.28 J·K^-1·mol^-1),结果表明明胶/Fe₂S₃纳米生物复合物的形成反应是自发的放热过程,且为焓驱动.傅里叶变换红外光谱表明,Fe₂S₃主要与明胶大分子肽链中的酰胺键结合;对红外光谱进行去卷积拟合,结果表明:明胶蛋白质的 α-螺旋含量减少,β-折叠含量明显增加.结合紫外和红外光谱测试结果对复合物的形成机理作了初步的推测:首先Fe³⁺与明胶大分子中的酰胺键结合形成明胶/Fe³⁺复合物,然后S^2-与明胶/Fe³⁺中的Fe³⁺形成明胶/Fe₂S₃复合物.     

对-氨基苯甲酸改性环氧树脂的性能表征及乳化性质

以对氨基苯甲酸改性环氧树脂,使其成为具有亲水性的树脂.实验结果表明,改性后树脂在有机溶剂中的溶解性变差,在碱性溶剂中溶解性增强.对改性树脂进行了红外表征,并根据环氧基特征峰的吸收对环氧基转化率进行了定量分析.测定了改性产物的DSC曲线,发现随着反应物中对氨基苯甲酸比例的升高,改性产物的玻璃化转变温度升高.此外还研究了改性环氧树脂水基微乳液制备过程的电导率变化规律,并探讨了羧酸基中和程度及溶剂极性对乳液粒径以及粒子形态的影响.     

鱼明胶作为卤化银纳米粒子载体的研究

采用的鱼明胶样品是从深海鱼的鱼皮提取而得,在成份和物理性质方面鱼明胶与通常使用的动物明胶有显著的差别.研究表明,鱼明胶的蛋白成分中α组分占绝对优势,且其中分子量较小的α2组分又比分子量较大的α1组分含量高得多.在鱼明胶中几乎没有分子量最大的γ组分.其氨基酸残基中,脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸的含量比动物胶低,而蛋氨酸含量却明显高于后者.鱼明胶还具有较低的胶凝温度.这些特点可能使之适宜作为分散介质来制备AgBrI纳米粒子乳剂.此外,鱼明胶中含有较多含硫物质,而且杂质铁主要以三价形式存在.并且进一步利用鱼明胶作为保护载体,在广泛的胶银比(即明胶量与银量之比值)范围(从8∶ 1到4∶ 1)获得了平均粒径为14 nm的 AgBrI纳米粒子乳剂.该乳剂具有良好的单分散性和热稳定性.对纳米粒子乳剂进行硫-金协同敏化可以提高其感光度.若适当增加敏化剂用量和适当延长敏化时间这种协同敏化作用的效果更好.