边际效用函数的一种确立形式及分析

本文在研究了边际效用函数的一般性质后给出了一种具体形式 ,并对此作出具体分析 ,同时对风险投资分散化、投机、保险作了可以增加效用的量化解释。     

效用函数理论及其应用研究

分析了效用函数理论,提出了图书效用函数,并分析其性质.得出图书最大效用化的约束条件.指导图书馆文献资源建设.     

面向需求的房地产市场投机度界定及诱因辨析

基于理性范式,遵循消费者均衡条件,根据我国面临的局部经济过热背景,推定了房地产投机的实质是需求结构扭曲,而且经济周期影响需求结构的途径是收入和替代效应,据此并借助空间几何方向余弦概念具体界定了房地产市场投机度,进而求解了收入效应和替代效应催生地产泡沫的诱因变量,确定了引发投机度波动的诱因变量变动域,即:货币的边际效用降低率越小,投机度越高;收入增长对投机度影响具有不确定性;缩小包括房地产在内的商品价格的上升幅度、增加非地产投资收益率并稳定地产投资收益率可抑制房地产泡沫.     

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本文研究了经济代理人在劳动负效用情形下,考虑Knight不确定的消费和投资与退休选择问题.劳动则会带来代理人的效用损失,而Knight不确定将影响决策行为.代理人有权利选择退休.退休行为使得代理人避免了效用损失,却必须要放弃工资收入.本文利用动态规划方法解自由边值问题,得到了代理人最优消费和投资组合策略的显式解.     

军事威慑博弈中挑战者行为预测模型比较

将基于完全理性的期望效用理论与基于有限理性的前景理论的两种决策模型应用于军事威慑两阶段博弈分析之中.研究结果表明,前景理论模型与期望效用理论模型对挑战者行为的预测结果具有显著的差异.     

考虑感知成本的共享单车用户借还车行为意向研究

为分析奖励措施下共享单车用户的借还车行为意向,弥补现有用户行为意向无法定量描述的不足,文章基于计划行为理论,提出了考虑不同感知成本的用户借还车行为意向的定量估计方法.首先从用户行为意向的影响因素出发,添加成本感知变量建立用户行为意向模型,利用预调查获取共享单车用户的个体特征和出行特征,通过正交实验法设计了关于出行目的、奖励金额与额外步行时间的出行场景问卷;然后利用收集的用户行为意向数据,基于出行效用理论建立用户行为选择概率模型,通过SPSS软件进行二项logistic回归求解模型参数,实现用户借还车行为意向的定量估计.研究结果表明:无论是借车还是还车,用户早高峰出行均具有更高的时间敏感性,当额外步行时间大于8 min时,奖励金额以及规范停车区的设置对用户借还车行为的影响不明显;而当额外步行时间小于5 min时,奖励金额和规范停车区的设置能较好的影响用户的借还车行为.     

全对策的边际贡献值

全对策是定义在局中人集合的所有分划集上的一类特殊合作对策.本文在效用可转移情形下研究全对策的"值"问题.定义了全对策的边际贡献值,得出全对策的Shapley值,以及具有某些性质的值是边际贡献值,并给出两种边际贡献值的具体表达式,及其一些性质.     

基于消费者效用模型的贵重首饰经销商决策行为研究

以异质性消费者为对象,研究关税税率调整对贵重首饰经销商决策行为的影响。在个人理性与激励相容的约束条件下,构建基于异质性消费者效用模型的需求函数,分析不同市场类型下经销商的最优决策选择。考虑消费者价格敏感度对社会福利的影响,并在此基础上分析了最优关税税率水平。研究发现:(1)贵重首饰经销商决策行为不仅受政府关税税率的影响,还受消费者价格敏感度的影响;(2)在消费者价格敏感度一定的前提下,若想通过关税来调控贵重首饰市场,关税税率应该控制在一定的区间范围;(3)在关税税率一定的条件下,贵重首饰市场的类型主要受消费者价格敏感度的影响。     

企业及市场经营效用函数形式研究

鉴于经营效用是企业制订战略决策和发展策略的重要影响因素,研究其基本效用类型,提出对应的函数形式,并在此基础上提出市场总体的综合经营效用测度方法。企业经营效用由自身经营效用和同业比较效用两部分线性合成,效用变量分别为企业单位盈利指标加权合成值及单位盈利水平与行业平均值的差,效用函数通过原点且单调,因此需将效用理论中对应于各种效用类型的对数函数、指数函数等进行坐标变换、旋转或对称。保守型和冒险型效用在定义域内分别为凹函数和凸函数,共组合为9种效用类型含81种基本函数形式,并给出各效用类型含义、经营特征和定价倾向。以市场份额作为各企业经营效用权重,构建幂平均效用合成模型作为市场总体综合经营效用测度。     

内生公共支出效用指数的经济优化配置模型

通过将公共投资指数与社会生产总量联系起来,引入含消费与公共支出效用指数的双变量效用函数,提出社会效用最大化问题.求解优化问题得到描述模型的二维动力系统,首先证明了系统存在唯一的均衡点,并利用相图分析了模型存在唯一的最优路径.     

基于分工理论的多元化与专业化比较研究

运用超边际分析方法,构建了多元化与专业化的研究模型,分析了各种市场状态下的市场效用.研究表明:非相关多元化成功多是因为专业化水平低,交易效率低;相关多元化成功是因为新老产品的专业化水平差异巨大.在新老产品专业化水平相同的情况下,多元化效用不如专业化.     

The spirit of capitalism,non-expected utility and asset pricing

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DYNAMIC BEHAVIOURS OF AN AUTONOMOUS STAGE-STRUCTURED COMPETITIVE SYSTEMS WITH TOXIC EFFECT

It is known that somebody''s behavior (decision) in a stochastic social network may be influenced by that of his (or her) friends. In this paper, we consider two stochastic social network game models (a) and (b) which can be defined respectively by two different utility functions. Some sufficient conditions for the existence of Nash equilibrium (NE) of the two network game models are obtained by analyzing the different effort relation between a player and his (or her) neighbors.     

Colony and evolutionary dynamics of a two‐stage model with brood cannibalism and division of labor in social insects

Division of labor (DOL) is a major factor for the great success of social insects because it increases the efficiency of a social group where different individuals perform different tasks repeatedly and presumably with increased performance. Cannibalism plays an important role in regulating colony growth and development by regulating the number of individuals in a colony and increasing survival by providing access to essential nutrients and minimizing competition among colony mates. To understand the synergy effects of DOL and cannibalistic behavior on colony dynamic outcomes, we propose and study a compartmental two‐stage model using ecological and evolutionary game theory settings. Our analytical results of the ecological and evolutionary models suggest that: (1) A noncannibalistic colony can survive if the efficiency of energy investment reflecting the DOL is greater than the relative death rate of the older population. (2) A cannibalistic colony can die out if both the efficiency of energy investment and the relative cannibalism rate (where each is also reflecting the DOL) are too large; or if the relative cannibalism rate alone is too small. (3) From our numerical analysis, cannibalism can increase or reduce the colony's total population size, which greatly depends on the benefit of egg cannibalism increasing or decreasing of adult's lifespan. (4) A cannibalistic and noncannibalistic colony can experience bistability due to cooperative behavior. (5) In the evolutionary settings, DOL can prevent colony death and natural selection can preserve strong Allee effects by selecting the traits with the largest investment on brood care and the lowest cannibalism rate. (6) Evolutionary dynamics may increase the fitness of the colony, i.e., the successful production of workforce which results in the increase of total worker population size, colony survival, and reproduction. Our results suggest both cannibalism and DOLs are adaptive strategies that increase the size of the worker population, and therefore, persistence of the colony.     

师徒制知识共享敌意的演化趋势研究

师徒制知识共享作为组织内知识转移,尤其是隐性知识转移的重要方式,却在组织内更多以知识囤积或知识排斥的知识共享敌意形式存在。基于师徒制知识共享敌意的效用分析,采用复制动态的非对称演化博弈刻画了组织内师徒制知识共享敌意的演化趋势。研究发现,当师傅群成员知识囤积的负效用超过其正效用、且徒弟群成员知识排斥的负效用大于其所付出的成本时,才能通过有效降低师徒制知识共享敌意来提高师徒制知识共享对组织的贡献程度;组织采用一定的激励机制对于降低师徒制知识共享敌意的发生效果显著。     

基于医保规制和消费者效用的双渠道医药供应链竞争策略

医药消费者在面对双渠道零售时,会明显受到实体渠道医保报销政策的影响。基于这一现象,本文构建了同时考虑医保规制政策和消费者效用的双渠道医药供应链博弈模型,研究了医保报销比例和电商佣金比例对双渠道定价、供应链绩效以及社会福利的影响规律。研究结果表明:医药双渠道定价会同时随着平台收费标准和医保报销比例的增加而降低;医保报销比例的增加会提高社会福利、降低供应链绩效,同时会弱化网络渠道低价优势,能够有效抑制渠道蚕食现象;电商平台佣金比例的增加虽然在一定程度上提高了社会福利,但是会严重瓜分渠道利润,加剧渠道竞争,导致供应链绩效降低。     

面向任务保障的多组件系统效益优化策略

为了保障系统在执行任务期间高可靠、高效益的运行,从系统效益的角度出发,构建了系统可靠性模型,采用边际效应思想构建了效益重要度,提出了一种面向任务保障的多组件系统效益优化策略。当系统可靠度下降到设定阈值时,计算系统各组件的效益重要度,选择效益重要度最大的组件进行备件分配,如此进行迭代,直到完成任务保障,形成最优的备件分配序列。通过该策略实现了以运行效益最优为目标,以系统可靠度和任务保障时长为约束的备件分配序列。最后,通过数值仿真验证了该策略的可行性。     

Social utility functions for strategic decisions in probabilistic voting models

This paper studies societies which have probabilistic voting that is smooth, scalable and unbiased. Its results establish that, in such societies, the decisions of vote-seeking candidates who start at a common location (such as the status quo for the society's policies and/or the same allocation of campaign resources) contain implicit rationality properties. In particular, it shows that in every such society there exist social utility functions which simultaneously rationalize the directional Nash behavior of candidates, the stationary electoral equilibria, and the non-degenerate local electoral equilibria which can occur at these locations. This is shown to be true both for unconstrained and for constrained sets of possible candidate locations. An example of such a utility function (which occurs in every one of the societies under consideration) is also provided.