窄带光纤光栅的写入

改进相位掩模法写入光栅的装置,提高其机械稳定性和温度稳定性,不仅提高了光纤光栅的反射率,而且降低了带宽,特别是能在国产的光敏光纤上写出了大于99%反射率和小于02nm带宽的高质量的光纤光栅.这种光栅特别适用于光纤光栅传感方面的应用。     

极窄带宽的布拉格光纤光栅光谱特性研究

根据理想模展开下的耦合模方程，对光纤布拉格光栅的峰值反射率公式进行了数学推导，得到了布拉格光纤光栅的光谱反射率表达式。全面讨论了光栅周期、光纤栅长、光致折射率微扰最大值等参数与光纤光栅反射光谱的关系。仿真结果显示了固定参数下布拉格光栅的极限窄带宽，得到的反射率为1、带宽为0.02nm的窄带宽布拉格光栅，比现今分布式传感系统中使用的布拉格光栅的带宽窄1个数量级。这种布拉格光纤光栅用于分布式传感系统，可大大提高分布式传感系统中光源的带宽利用率，消除各信号间的相互串扰，提高传感光栅复用数目，降低解调系统成本。     

高速光通信系统中光纤光栅色散补偿研究

通过对光栅制作过程的优化设计，解决了光纤光栅温度稳定性、纹波系数、带宽、偏振模色 散补偿等关键技术，所制作光纤光栅已经达到温度系数小于00005 nm/℃，带宽大于14 nm，纹波系数小于50 ps，色散量超过 -1000 ps/nm的先进水平. 采用琼斯矩阵本征值法较 精确地测量了光栅的偏振模色散，并对其进行了补偿，光纤光栅色散补偿器的偏振模色散由 补偿前的91406 ps改善为补偿后的01521 ps. 在此基础上，成功地建立了一个稳定可靠 、速率为40 Gb/s，传输链路为122 km G 关键词： 高速光通信系统 普通单模光纤 光纤光栅 色散补偿     

带有对称啁啾光纤光栅的Sagnac环滤波器

通过在光纤Sagnac环中引入对称啁啾光纤光栅,对带有光纤光栅的Sagnac环梳状滤波器进行了改进,克服了原有滤波器工作带宽小、通带间隔不等的缺点.通过对光栅参量进行适当设计,在中等折射率调制度下,可使光栅同时具有高反射率和大反射带宽,结合Sagnac环可得到大带宽、等间隔梳状滤波器.     

线性啁啾光纤光栅的耦合模理论分析

利用耦合模理论对线性啁啾光纤光栅的反射谱进行了分析,并详细讨论了耦合系数、啁啾系数、高斯分布参量、光栅长度对线性啁啾光纤光栅的反射带宽和最大反射率的影响.     

光频率调制法测量动态光栅瞬态反射谱特性

动态光栅的瞬态特性影响了单纵模掺铒光纤激光器的稳定性. 提出一种利用铒离子瞬态效应,通过对写入光施加快速频率调制测量动态光栅瞬态反射谱的新方法. 测量了线性结构动态光栅的瞬态反射谱,研究了注入光功率与端面反射率 对动态光栅响应特性的影响.结果表明, 3 m长的掺铒光纤形成的动态光栅半带宽为30 MHz, 与稳态理论值符合较好.光栅瞬态反射率相对变化随注入光功率增加和端面反射率增加而减小, 在小注入功率或低端面反射率时,最大的反射率相对变化值约为4%. 光栅建立时间随注入光功率增加而减小,当注入光功率大于4倍饱和功率时,建立时间小于1 ms. 使用双波混频过程可解释这一实验规律.     

光纤光栅对FBG-ECL静态特性的影响

光纤光栅外腔半导体激光器(FBG-ECL)在未来光通信系统占有着越来越重要的地位。根据FBG-ECL的等效腔模型,讨论了光纤光栅反射率、带宽对FBG-ECL的输出功率,阈值特性、边模抑制比等静态特性的影响。指出了存在最佳光纤光栅峰值反射率,不仅使得FBG-ECL具有更高的输出功率,而且可以获得极好的边模抑制比。最后根据实测在不同反射率下外腔激光器的激射光谱,发现理论分析结果和实验数据是吻合的。     

强度调制的啁啾光纤光栅加速度传感器

设计了一种基于啁啾光纤布拉格光栅的新型加速度传感器,该传感器主要由矩形悬臂梁构成的传感机构和光纤光谱仪及光电探测器组成。导出了啁啾光纤布拉格光栅的反射谱带宽与加速度的关系;通过光谱仪检测啁啾光纤布拉格光栅反射谱的带宽或检测光电探测器输出的电压,即可获得加速度的大小。实验结果表明,该啁啾光纤布拉格光栅反射谱带宽及光电探测器输出的电压对温度变化不敏感,且在0~700m/s2测量范围内,反射谱带宽与加速度间具有良好的线性关系。由于反射谱带宽展宽造成了光纤布拉格光栅反射率的降低,因此光电探测器输出电压的线性响应范围只能达到0~35 m/s2,带宽和电压灵敏度分别达到0.005 6nm·m-1·s-2和0.785 6m V·m-1·s-2。     

聚合物太赫兹光纤布喇格光栅

研究了一种基于聚合物太赫兹光纤的太赫兹光纤布喇格光栅.通过二氧化碳激光器或紫外激光器点对点加工聚合物太赫兹光纤,实现聚合物太赫兹光纤直径的周期性调制,从而实现太赫兹光纤布喇格光栅的周期性折射率调制.基于有限元方法和光纤布喇格光栅相关理论,考虑反射峰波长、反射率、带宽、光纤长度、光纤直径和光纤直径形状变化程度等因素,研究了太赫兹光纤布喇格光栅的特性.理论模拟表明,反射峰波长和光栅周期存在与传统光学波段光纤布喇格光栅不同的非线性关系.     

带宽可调的斜边光纤光栅滤波器的设计与制作

基于遗传算法设计了斜边三角形光纤光栅(EFBG)的折射率调制函数;提出了光纤外径沿轴向变化、在拉应力下可获得可调谐的斜边三角形光纤光栅;计算分析了该器件多个物理参量对反射光谱的影响。在实验中,采用紫外激光扫描辐照方法,制备了短波边斜边带宽为0．7nm、反射率为96％的斜边三角形光纤光栅;采用程序控制氢氟酸腐蚀方法获得外径从原始62．5μm减小到45μm、在85mm长度内按设计要求变化的光纤光栅。对该光纤光栅施加从。到1．715N变化的拉力时,其反射光谱短波边的斜边带宽从0．7nm增加到2．3nm,实现了一种带宽大范围可调的斜边光纤光栅。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.