Analysis of plasma sheath propagation attenuation based on ray tracing

Based on the complex Snell's law of lossy media, a ray tracing method is proposed to study the propagation attenuation characteristics of electromagnetic (EM) waves in plasma sheaths. The plasma sheath is modelled as layered media. This method considers the complex ray characteristics of inhomogeneous plane EM waves, tracks the propagation rays of EM waves in each layer of media, and calculates the propagation attenuation of EM waves in each layer of media according to the propagation direction of the complex rays. The attenuation during numerical cumulative propagation is the total attenuation of EM waves through the plasma sheath. By comparing the results with that obtained from the WKB method, the accuracy of the ray tracing algorithm is proved. The results of the propagation attenuation of a blunt cone model are calculated by the proposed method, and the effects of different parameters on the EM wave propagation attenuation in the plasma sheath are analysed at different heights, velocities, incident angles, and incident positions. Studying the propagation characteristics of EM waves in the plasma sheath is of importance in application for radar target tracking, blackout communication, and other issues.     

多孔介质中甲烷预混气火焰传播特性实验研究

本文对甲烷预混气在多孔介质中的火焰传播特性进行了实验研究,在开口竖直管中充填多孔介质,通过改变预混气氧含量使火焰在不同多孔介质中传播并测量火焰传播速度。预混气中氧含量最高达到29％。实验结果表明:多孔介质中甲烷可燃预混气火焰传播速度大于其层流火焰传播速度,可达到5倍以上(当量比的甲烷-空气预混气);多孔介质当量孔直径越大,或预混气层流火焰速度越高,则预混气火焰传播速度越高;多孔介质中可燃混气的火焰传播界限变小,当量孔直径大的多孔介质其界限值较大。实验结果与Babkin提出的多孔介质中的火焰传播机理相符。     

On the propagation of acceleration waves in incompressible hyperelastic solids

The conditions for the propagation of acceleration waves (sound waves) in incompressible elastic media undergoing finite deformation are investigated. The incompressible hyperelastic solid media is considered in accordance with the general constitutive theory of materials subject to internal mechanical constraints. The equation of motion of acceleration waves is obtained using the theory of singular surfaces. A general comparison is made between the magnitudes of the propagation speeds of waves in incompressible and unconstrained solid media by the use of Mandel's inequalities. The magnitudes of the speeds of propagation of acceleration waves in the incompressible hyperelastic material classes of neo-Hookean, Mooney-Rivlin, and St. Venant-Kirchhoff solids are determined. Comparisons are made of the specific results concerning the magnitudes of wave propagation speeds making use of the corresponding material parameters.     

非线性光学格子中的光束演化研究

研究光学格子中(即在光传输的横截面上存在周期格子势的调制)光束的演化，利用变分原理，求出了光束宽度、振幅、频率啁啾参量随传播距离的演化形式.发现光束宽度与调制周期的比值必须小于一定的值才能形成孤子的传输；同时，还得到了光束在不同的条件下存在着不同的传输过程.光学格子中周期格子的作用有类似非线性的良好的特性，周期格子的引入提供了可以更好地控制格子孤子的形成和传输的参考条件.     

Anomalous wave propagation in quasiisotropic media

Based on boundary conditions and dispersion relations, the anomalous propagation of waves incident from regular isotropic media into quasiisotropic media is investigated. It is found that the anomalous negative refraction, anomalous total reflection and oblique total transmission can occur in the interface associated with quasiisotropic media. The Brewster angles of E- and H-polarized waves in quasiisotropic media are also discussed. It is shown that the propagation properties of waves in quasiisotropic media are significantly different from those in isotropic and anisotropic media.     

Elimination of the spatial singularity of ultrashort pulsed beams in dispersive media

Under the condition that the propagation constant k in dispersive media should be larger than zero, a simple method is proposed to eliminate the spatial singularity of ultrashort pulsed beams propagating in dispersive media. Taking the pulsed Gaussian beam (PGB) as a typical example, the analytical propagation equation in the space–time domain is derived and the spatiotemporal propagation properties of PGBs in normal and anomalous dispersive media are discussed both analytically and numerically. The physical explanation of the results is presented.     

Propagation and scattering of light in stratified media

The propagation and scattering of light in stratified media are considered. Based on the Maxwell equations, the present approaches to the solution of these problems are formulated in a unified way. The particular features of the wave propagation in stratified media are discussed. Scalar and vector fields are considered. Media with small-and large-scale regular inhomogeneities are examined. The construction of the Green’s function of the wave equation in a spatially homogeneous medium is discussed. Stratified isotropic and anisotropic media are analyzed. The scattering of light in a stratified medium is studied with emphasis on the Kirchhoff method, as this makes it possible to obtain calculation formulas in a form convenient for comparing the theory with the experiment. The propagation of waves in photonic crystals and the formation of forbidden zones in such objects are briefly considered.     

基于MATLAB软件对不同偏振光在不同介质中的传播过程的动态模拟

利用MATLAB软件对不同偏振光在真空、各向同性介质、线型各向异性介质以及圆型各向异性介质中的传播过程进行了三维动态模拟,能够加深学生对光的偏振概念以及各种偏振光与不同介质之间相互作用原理的理解。     

Propagation of Gaussian beam in an absorbing waveguide

Propagation of a Gaussian beam in an absorbing waveguide is analyzed for cubic-quintic and saturable media taking into account both linear and nonlinear absorption. A “collective variable approach” technique, based on trial functions, is used to solve the general nonlinear Schrodinger equation. In the absence of losses, we construct a diagram which defines regions of oscillatory and diffractive beam propagation for both types of media, and also a diagram that compares bistable behavior in such media. We show that if the linear and nonlinear absorption coefficients are small, the behavior of the oscillations of the beam width on propagation allows one to distinguish between cubic-quintic and saturable media. By reversing the sign of the linear absorption, we analyze the behavior of the beam propagation in media with gain and nonlinear absorption. In cubic-quintic media, the energy reaches a plateau for certain ratios of gain to losses, whereas for saturable media, the energy increases throughout the beam propagation.     

强非局域介质中1+1维高斯型损耗空间双孤子的相互作用

研究了1+1维高斯型双光束在含小损耗的强非局域非线性介质中的传输特性。通过对该介质中光束传输遵循的非局域非线性薛定谔方程进行近似简化,得到了含小损耗强非局域非线性介质中1+1维高斯型双光束传输模型。在此基础上运用解析的方法研究了双光束传输的演化规律,得到了准双孤子解。经过进一步分析发现,在传输过程中两光束中心的轨迹为艾里函数;两光束会准周期性地碰撞、分离;随着传输距离的增大,两光束中心之间的最大距离会越来越大。另一方面,当损耗逐渐增大时,两光束的碰撞空间周期将变短,同时两光束中心之间的最大距离也越来越大。     

Propagation of Lorentz–Gaussian Beams in Strongly Nonlocal Nonlinear Media

In this paper the propagation of Lorentz-Gaussian beams in strongly nonlinear nonlocal media is investi- gated by the ABCD matrix method. For this purpose, an expression for field distribution during propagation is derived and based on it, the propagation of Lorentz-Gaussian beams is simulated in this media. Then, the evolutions of beam width and curvature radius during propagation are discussed.     

Propagation of partially polarized Gaussian Schell-model beams in anomalously dispersive media

By use of a tensor method, analytical transform formulae for isotropic partially polarized GSM beams propagating in anomalously dispersive media are derived. Based on the derived formula, the propagation properties of isotropic partially polarized GSM beams in anomalously dispersive media are studied in detail. The results show that the polarization and the irradiance distribution and the coherence degree properties are influenced by the anomalously dispersive media and beam's initial coherence. In addition, the evolution of the spectrum shows that spectrum splitting and spectral shift occur during propagation in anomalously dispersive media.     

Ray dynamics of the propagation of sound in nonuniform moving media

This paper presents a new ray theory for the propagation of sound waves in nonuniformly moving media. It is found that the ray equations in weakly inhomogeneous and slowly moving media are analogous to the equations of motion of charged particles in nonuniform electric and magnetic fields. The adiabatic approximation is used to study the problem of the propagation of sound rays in a model of near-ocean-bottom waveguide with horizontal flow and slowly varying parameters along the direction of propagation of the wave. A general formula is derived that describes the transverse displacement of the trajectory of the ray relative to the direction of propagation of the wave.     

On propagation failure in one- and two-dimensional excitable media

We present a nonperturbative technique to study pulse dynamics in excitable media. The method is used to study propagation failure in one-dimensional and two-dimensional excitable media. In one-dimensional media we describe the behavior of pulses and wave trains near the saddle node bifurcation, where propagation fails. The generalization of our method to two dimensions captures the point where a broken front (or finger) starts to retract. We obtain approximate expressions for the pulse shape, pulse velocity, and scaling behavior. The results are compared with numerical simulations and show good agreement.     

Rotation of elliptic optical beams in anisotropic media

We investigate the linear propagation of a paraxial optical beam in anisotropic media. We start from the eigenmode solution of the plane wave in the media, then subsequently derive the wave equation for the beam propagating along a general direction except the optic axes. The wave equation contains a second-order mixed derivative term originating from the anisotropy, and this term can result in the rotation of the beam-spot. The rotation effect is investigated by solving analytically the wave equation with an initial elliptical Gaussian beam for both uniaxial and biaxial media. For both media, it is found that there exists a specific direction, which is dependent on anisotropy of the media, on the cross-section perpendicular to propagation direction to determine the rotation of the beam-spot. When the major axes of the elliptical beam-spot of the input beam are parallel to the specific direction, the beam-spot will not rotate during propagation, otherwise, it will rotate with the direction and the velocity determined by input parameters of the beam.     

Effect of absorption on the spreading of a laser beam

The propagation characteristics of the fundamental Gaussian laser beam in absorptive and active media are investigated. There is a general reduction in the spreading of the beam on propagation in both absorptive and active media. In addition, in an active medium there is a shift of the focal plane and a reduction in the waist size of the beam.     

部分相干平顶光束在增益或损耗介质中传输的M2因子

 根据光束在介质中传输强度二阶矩计算公式,推导出部分相干平顶光束在增益或损耗介质中传输的M2因子解析表达式,并将高斯 谢尔模型光束在增益或损耗介质中的传输作为特例统一于一般表达式中。研究结果表明：部分相干平顶光束在增益或损耗介质中传输时的M2因子与光束传输距离、光束相干长度、光束阶数及介质的特性有关。光束在增益或损耗介质中传输的这种特性为应用和控制光束传输提供了理论依据。     

Interaction of Nonlocal Incoherent White-Light Solitons

The propagation and interaction of nonlocal incoherent white-light solitons in strongly nonlocal kerr media is investigated. Numerical simulations show that the interaction properties of nonlocal incoherent white-light solitons are different from the case in local media. The interactions of nonlocal incoherent white-light solitons are always attractive independent of their relative phase, while the other parameters such as the extent of nonlocality and the input power have a great impact on the soliton interactions. Pertinent numerical examples are presented to show their propagation and interaction behaviour further.     

Causality and the velocity of acoustic signals in bubbly liquids

Several versions of the dispersion formula governing the acoustic propagation in bubbly liquids are shown to exhibit acausal behavior. The cause of this behavior is due to the inappropriate application of a low frequency approximation in the determination of the extinction of the signal from radiative scattering. Using a corrected causal formula, several principles of wave propagation in bubbly media consistent with the general theory of wave propagation in dispersive media are demonstrated: There exist two precursors to any finite signal. Both propagate without regard to the source characteristics at velocities, frequencies, and amplitudes dependent wholly upon the characteristics of the medium supporting the wave motion. The first travels at the infinite frequency phase velocity that is coincident with the infinite frequency limit of the group velocity. That part of a propagating wave oscillating at the source frequency arrives at a time determined by the signal velocity. Analogous to the well known signal velocity of electromagnetic wave propagation in conducting media, the value of the signal velocity depends on the detailed structure of the dispersion formula in the complex frequency plane.     

一种处理Cole-Cole色散媒质的FDTD改进方案

对柯尔-柯尔(Cole-Cole)色散媒质的时域有限差分(FDTD)方案尝试给出改进:(1)保留了Cole-Cole经验公式中的静态电导率项;(2)扩展到三维情形;(3)人体乳房组织的模型参数源于实验测量.数值算例结果初步证实改进方案的可行性和有效性.改进方案适用于模拟更一般柯尔-柯尔色散媒质中的电波传播.