四溴双酚A-双(2,3-二溴丙基醚)的绿色合成

本文探索了水相中烯烃与溴的加成反应,以四溴双酚A双烯丙基醚为原料,在水相中合成四溴双酚A-双(2,3-二溴丙基)醚,通过考察助剂类型及用量、溴的用量、反应时间、反应温度等因素,优化反应条件,产品收率可达到93.6%,通过HPLC检测纯度达到91.7%。本文借助十二烷基硫酸钠不仅解决了原料不溶于水导致产品团聚的问题,而且此方法后处理简单,无废液产生,简化了工艺路线,可有效降低成本。     

超声辅助-分散液相微萃取/高效液相色谱法测定沉积物中双酚A及其衍生物

建立了超声辅助-分散液相微萃取/高效液相色谱测定沉积物中双酚A,四溴双酚A,四溴双酚A双烯丙基醚,四溴双酚A双(2,3-二溴丙基)醚的方法。对萃取剂与分散剂的种类与用量、超声时间、盐效应及p H等萃取条件进行了优化。在优化的条件下,此方法的线性范围为0.1~100 mg/L,线性相关系数(r)为0.9996~0.9999。样品平均回收率为83%~91%,相对标准偏差为1.8%~4.9%。检出限(S/N=3)为0.01~0.15μg/L。方法可用于实际水库沉积物中双酚A及其衍生物的测定。     

三羟甲基丙烷烯丙基醚二辛酸酯改性硅油的合成

以低含氢硅油(SH)和三羟甲基丙烷单烯丙基醚二辛酸酯(AEDD)为原料,甲苯为溶剂,H2Pt Cl6为催化剂,合成了一种新型的有机酯改性硅油——三羟甲基丙烷烯丙基醚二辛酸酯改性硅油(SE),其结构经1H NMR和FT-IR表征。考察了甲苯用量、物料比r[n(AEDD)∶n(SH)]、反应温度、反应时间和H2Pt Cl6用量对SH转化率的影响。结果表明,在最优反应条件[AEDD 0.1 mol,r=1.1,甲苯90 m L,H2Pt Cl68 g,于100℃反应6 h]下,SH转化率85%。     

二烯丙基双酚A合成工艺的优化

利用正交实验法研究了二烯丙基双酚A(DABPA)Claisen重排时进行工艺优化的条件,以及对DABPA纯度和粘度的影响,同时探讨的DABPA粘度的影响因素.实验结果表明,在220~230℃,反应2h,抽真空30min DABPA产品纯度最高,可达86.33%,粘度为1 300mPa·s.     

新型双马来酰亚胺—二烯丙基双酚A共聚树脂的合成及性能研究

在叔胺的催化作用下，合成了一类含芳醚结构的新型二苯甲烷双马来酰亚胺－二烯丙基双酚Ａ共聚树脂，与未用催化剂时合成的共聚树脂相比，该树脂具有更优良的贮存稳定性和热稳定性，耐热温度指数达２１４～２３８℃而固化性能相似。     

新型双马来酰亚胺－二烯丙基双酚A共聚树脂的合成及性能研究

在叔胺的催化作用下，合成了一类含芳醚结构的新型二苯甲烷双马来酰亚胺－二烯丙基双酚Ａ共聚树脂。与未用催化剂时合成的共聚树脂相比，该树脂具有更优良的贮存稳定性和热稳定性，耐热温度指数达２１４～２３８℃，而固化性能相似     

表面活性剂促进的阻燃剂ATBS的合成

用四溴双酚S(TBS)为原料,以滴加方式加入醚化剂烯丙基氯,在NaOH水溶液中用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)催化醚化法和其它表面活性剂促进醚化法合成了收率、纯度均较高的阻燃剂四溴双酚S双烯丙基醚(ATBS)。研究了催化剂用量、滴加时间、异丙醇用量、水用量对ATBS收率及纯度的影响。在烯丙基氯用量为15 mL、TBS为28.3 g、CTAB为0.1~0.18 g、反应温度65~75℃、保温时间4 h,ATBS收率可达95.5%~97.5%,纯度为95.5%~98.0%。当n(烯丙基氯)∶n(TBS)=1∶2.5、反应温度80~90℃、保温时间8 h,表面活性剂DBS为0.8~1.0 g、OP-10为0.5 g、OS-15为0.8 g时,ATBS最佳收率分别为95.2%、97.3%和95.5%,纯度分别为94.0%、92.7%和90.1%。     

合成烯丙基芳基硒醚的一种简便方法——烯丙基锌与二芳基二硒醚反应

烯丙基溴与锌粉在0～10 ℃下THF中反应生成烯丙基锌，后者与二芳基二硒醚 在THF中、室温下反应生成烯丙基芳基硒醚，产率63%～75%。     

新型乙炔封端聚酰亚胺的制备及性能

用双酚A型二醚二酐(BPADA)和3-乙炔基苯胺(m-APA)进行缩聚反应合成了乙炔基封端的聚酰亚胺预聚体, 并对预聚体的熔体黏度、稳定性和热性能等进行研究. 结果表明, 此类预聚体具有较宽的加工窗口和较低的加工温度, 适合模压成型工艺制备树脂基复合材料. 预聚体经250 ℃固化后显示了优异的热性能, 动态力学分析显示其玻璃化转变温度为363 ℃, 在氮气和空气气氛下5%热失重温度分别为490和492 ℃.     

嫁接Al改性MCM-41介孔分子筛催化合成双酚F

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和正硅酸乙酯为原料,合成纯硅MCM-41介孔分子筛。再利用九水硝酸铝为改性剂来嫁接改性纯硅MCM-41介孔分子筛,NH3-TPD结果表明,嫁接后的AlMCM-41产生了中强酸。用改性后不同n(Si)/n(Al)的AlMCM-41催化合成双酚F,在n(苯酚)/n(甲醛)=30、反应时间5 h、反应温度90℃、m(甲醛)/m(AlMCM-41)=7的反应条件下,在一定范围内,双酚F的产率随Al含量增加而增加,但在n(Si)/n(Al)50时,双酚F的产率反而下降,当n(Si)/n(Al)=50时,双酚F的产率最高,为42.28%。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。