银-锡-铝三元系富银合金固相平衡圖

银—锡—铅三元系富银合金固相平衡图已经用X-射线及金相显微镜两种方法测定了出来。并且每一相区的相边介都经过用X-射线方法作了精密确定。合金含量最高到30wt％锡及30wt％铝。室温相截面由四个单相(即α,β,μ及γ)相区,五个变相(即α+β,α+μ,β+γ,β+μ及β+δ)相区及两个三相(即α+β+μ及β+γ+δ)相区所构成。所有四个单相与二元系Ag-Sn及Ag-Al所存在的单相相同,没有新的单相出现。     

铜-锗-锡三元系合金相图

本文用X射线衍射法测定了铜-锗-锡三元系合金相图。室温等温截面包含α,ζ,δ,ε₁,ε,η′,Ge,Sn八个单相区,十三个双相(即α+ζ,α+δ,ζ+δ,ζ+ε₁,ε₁+δ,ε₁+ε,δ+ε,ε₁+Ge,ε₁+η′,ε+η′,η′+Ge,η′+Sn,Ge+Sn相区,以及六个三相(即α+ζ+δ,ζ+ε₁+δ,ε₁+δ+ε,ε₁+ε+η′,ε₁+η′+Ge,η′+Ge+Sn)相区。所有单相与三个二元系中的单相一致,没有新相出现。     

铝-铜-镓三元系合金相图

铝-铜-镓三元系合金相图的室温截面已经用X射线方法测定出来了。室温固相截面包含11个单相(即α, γ₂, γ′, δ, ζ₁, ζ₂, η₂, θ, θ′,α_铝和镓)相区,14个双相(即α + ζ₁, α+ γ₂, α + γ′, γ₂ + γ′, γ′+ ζ₁, γ₂+δ, γ′+δ,δ +ζ₂, ζ₂+η₂, η₂+θ,η₂+ θ′, γ′ + θ′, θ′+ 镓和θ+α_铝)相区和9个三相(即α + γ′+ζ₁, α+ γ₂+ γ′, γ₂+ γ′ + δ,γ′ + δ + θ′, δ+ζ₂+θ′, ζ₂ + η₂ + θ′, η₂+ θ′ + 镓, η₂ +θ + 镓和θ +镓+ α_铝)相区。所有单相和三个二元系内室温存在的单相相同,没有新相出现。 关键词：     

铝-铜-镉三元系合金相图

本文用X射线衍射法测定了铝-铜-镉三元系合金相图。室温等温截面包含α,γ₂,δ,ζ₂,η₂,θ,Al,Cd,ε,δ＇,γ,β十二个单相区;二十一个双相区(即α+γ₂,γ₂+δ,δ+ζ₂,ζ₂+η₂,η₂+θ,θ+Al,Al+Cd,α+β,β+γ,γ+δ＇,δ＇+ε,ε+Cd,α+γ,α+δ＇,γ₂+δ＇,γ₂+ε,δ+ε,δ+Cd,ζ₂+Cd,η₂+Cd,θ+Cd);以及十个三相区(即α+β+γ,α+γ+δ＇,γ₂+α+δ＇,γ₂+δ＇+ε,δ+γ₂+ε,δ+ε+Cd,ζ₂+δ+Cd,η₂+ζ₂+Cd,θ+η₂+Cd,θ+Al+Cd),所有单相与三个二元系中的单相一致,没有新相出现。     

银—锡—铝三元系合金相图

用X射线方法测定了银-锡-铝三元系合金相图。合金含量从30wt.％Sn到纯锡,从30wt.％Al到纯铝。同时,对此三元系的富银角(<30wt.％Sn,<30wt.％Al)相图的γ相区,ζ+δ相区和β+γ+δ相区重新做了测定。室温相截面由六个单相(即α,μ,β,γ,Sn和δ)相区,八个双相(即α+μ,α+β,β+μ,β+γ,γ+Sn,β+Sn,β+δ及Sn+δ)相区,和三个三相(即α+β+μ,β+γ+Sn及β+Sn+δ)相区所构成。所有单相与三个二元系的单相一致,没有新相出现。     

铝、铜、镍三元合金系中τ相的晶体结构变迁

A thorough investigation by means of X-rays has been carried out with the purpose to determine the nature of the ternary phase τ in Al-Cu-Ni alloys. In contrast with the conventional concept of alloy phase which is characterized by a definite type of crystal structure, systematic structure changes are found in the single phase field of τ which occupies quite an extensive area in the isothermal section of the phase diagram at room temperature. There are eight types of structures altogether, all derived from a basic rhombohedron with corners occupied by Al atoms and centres either occupied by the heavy atoms or remaining vacant. The basic rhombohedron is the building stone in the crystal architecture. By transforming the basic rhombohedron into a hexagonal prism in the usual way, all structures may be considered to be built up by stacking together a number of these hexagonal prisms along the triad. The transformation of one structure into another is quite systematic in the way that the number of the stacking stories in the unit cell increases according to the order 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17. The atomic arrangements in the different structures are closely related too, in the respect that they are all superstructures due to the presence of ordered vacancies in the rhombohedral centres.The principal factor controlling the formation of these structures has been fully considered. In view of the fact that the change of structure types follows closely with the content of Ni or Cu for alloys of constant Al content, the atomic size factor appears to be unimportant in the formation of these alloys. It has been shown that for alloy phases of the defect lattice type as the r-phase, the most fundamental factor is the average number of valency electrons per structural unit which is the basic rhombohedron in the present case. By assuming Hume-Rothery's valencies, the average number of valency electrons remains remarkably constant throughout the entire phase field, while the electron concentration varies with compositions. It has also been pointed out that for alloy phases where there is no unit cell change, the average number of electrons per structural unit is equivalent to the number of electrons per unit cell, and for alloy phase where there is no defect, this is in effect equivalent to the electron concentration.     

铜-锡合金的扩散行为

用电子探针分析Cu与Sn-8wt.％Cu合金扩散样品,确定了扩散层的化学成分;并根据实验数据,得出ε相厚度随时间增长遵循抛物线律:x=Kt~(0.5)。     

HG-AFS测定铅-锑合金中的硒

建立氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定铅-锑合金中硒的分析方法。试样经33%硝酸和酒石酸溶解,硫酸沉淀分离基体铅元素,在40%盐酸介质中直接测定样品中的硒。考察了测定的最佳条件、铅及共存元素对测定的影响。两个标样的方法相对标准偏差为分别为6.52%—9.34%。准确度和精密度均能满足分析需要,具有较强的实用性。     

新型Bi系高温超导用银合金力学性能研究

为开发新型Bi系高温超导用银合金，使其具有良好的机械性能，我们制备了AgMg0．05V0．05和AgMg0．10V0．075合金，研究了这两种合金经过不同条件退火处理后的室温拉伸性能．实验结果表明，合金化对提高材料的强度有显著效果；由光学金相照片观察到，银合金经过空气气氛退火后，形成了氧化物析出相，使强度进一步提高．AgMg0．05V0．05合金经820℃、40h空气退火处理后，屈服强度和抗拉强度分别高达110MPa和217MPa，克服了AgMgNi合金在较高温度退火强度下降的缺点．获得在高温长时处理后保持高强度的包套合金材料．对提高超导带材的机械强度和传输性能以及工程上的应用具有重要的意义．     

新型Bi系高温超导用银合金力学性能研究

为开发新型Bi系高温超导用银合金,使其具有良好的机械性能,我们制备了AgMg0.05V0.05和AgMg0.10V0.075合金,研究了这两种合金经过不同条件退火处理后的室温拉伸性能.实验结果表明,合金化对提高材料的强度有显著效果;由光学金相照片观察到,银合金经过空气气氛退火后,形成了氧化物析出相,使强度进一步提高.AgMg0.05V0.05合金经820℃、40h空气退火处理后,屈服强度和抗拉强度分别高达110MPa和217MPa,克服了AgMgNi合金在较高温度退火强度下降的缺点.获得在高温长时处理后保持高强度的包套合金材料,对提高超导带材的机械强度和传输性能以及工程上的应用具有重要的意义.     

Gd-Co-Cu三元系合金相图

Gd-Co-Cu三元系Gd≤34.8wt％合金相图的室温截面已经用X射线分析法测定出来。它包括五个单相区:Cu(以下简称α),Co(以下简称β),Gd₂Co₁₇(以下简称δ),GdCu₆(以下简称γ)和Gd(Co_1-xCu_x)₅(以下简称θ);七个二相区:β+δ,α+β,δ+θ,θ+γ,γ+α,θ+α,β+θ;三个三相区:α+β+θ,α+θ+γ和β+θ+δ。没有发现新相。Cu 关键词：     

铝-镉-铜三元系富铜合金相图

铝-镉-铜三元系富铜合金相图的室温固相截面已用X-射线方法测定。合金含量最高达30％(重量)铝及30％镉。室温相截面由五个单相区α,γ₂,δ,ζ₂,η₂;十个两相区α+β,α+γ₂,β+γ₂,γ₂+δ,β+δ,δ+ζ₂,ζ₂+η,η₂+δ,η₂+β,η₂+θ及四个三相区α+β+γ₂,β+γ₂+δ,β+δ+η₂,δ+ζ₂+η₂所构成。没有发现新相。     

La-Co-Ni三元系相图

本文用X射线粉末法和金相实验测定了La≤32.2wt％(La≤16.7at％)成份区域内La-Co-Ni三元系相图的室温截面,它包含有四个单相区:α,β,LaCo₁₃和LaCo_5xNi_5-5x;五个两相区:α+β,α+LaCo₁₃,β+LaCo₁₃,β+LaCo_5xNi_5-5x和LaCo₁₃+LaCo_5xNi< 关键词：     

Gd-Ni二元系合金相图

本文用X射线衍射及差热分析方法测定了Gd-Ni二元系合金相图。在这个二元系中,观察到如下9个金属间化合物:Gd₃Ni(735℃包晶分解),Gd₃Ni₂。(690℃包晶分解),GdNi(1280℃同成分熔化),GdNi₂(1010℃包晶分解),GdNi₃(1110℃包晶分解),Gd₂Ni₇(1200℃包晶分解),GdNi₄(1270℃ 关键词：     

Gd-Cu二元系合金相图

本文用X射线粉末照相法和差热分析法测定了Gd-Cu二元系合金相图,发现GdCu₆在735℃发生同素异构转变。此合金系中共存在着四种金属互化物,即GdCu,GdCu₂,GdCu₅和GdCu₆,金属互化物GdCu,在932℃同成份熔化;而GdCu,GdCu₂和GdCu₆分别在759℃,870℃和884℃由包晶反应形成,存在两个共晶反应,分别发生在32at％Cu668℃和92at％Cu875℃,无论是Gd在Cu中或是Cu在Gd中都没有可觉察的固溶度。 关键词：     

Dy-Cu二元系合金相图

Dy-Cu二元系合金相图已采用X射线衍射和差热分析方法测出。此系统中存在两个共晶反应,共晶点成份分别为12wt%Cu和83Wt%Cu,对应的共晶温度为808℃和880℃。在室温下存在三个稳定的金属间化合物:DyCu,DyCu₂和DyCu₅,DyCu和DyCu₂分别在840℃和885℃由包晶反应生成,而DyCu₅在970℃液固同成份熔化。在890℃由包晶反应形成的金属间化合物DyCu₇在缓冷至848 关键词：