原子价壳层电子量子拓扑指数与元素电负性的关系

在基态原子价壳层电子隐核图的基础上, 基于拓扑化学原理以及原子价壳层电子结构特征, 构建了原子价壳层电子量子拓扑指数(AEI), 它对基态原子实现唯一性表征, 结合原子价壳层电子平均化能(∑n_iE_i/∑n_i)等参数, 建立了一套新的元素电负性标度: X_N＝－0.588710AEI₁＋0.761214AEI₂＋0.154982(∑n_iE_i/∑n_i)－0.080929. 该式给出了周期表中氢至镅共95种元素的电负性, 结果表明新电负性标度X_N与Pauling电负性标度颇为一致. 进一步从原子价轨道量子拓扑指数确定了sp, sp², sp³杂化轨道的电负性. 新标度在元素和物质的结构-性质研究中具有一定的适用性.     

基态原子价壳层电子能级连接性指数与元素的电负性

构建了基态原子价壳层电子能级连接性指数(^mVEI),m=0,1,2,…，它对基态原子实现唯一性表征，其中^0VEI,^1VEI对原子具有良好的结构选择性，以^0VEL,^1VEL，价壳层电子总离子化能(ΣniEi)和总从电子数(Σni)为基本参数，定义了元素的电负性：X~N=0.444067+1.190653(1-1.32775/Σni)(^0VEI)-3.154675(^1VEI)+0.134591.(ΣniEi/Σni)。用上式给出了周期表中主族元素、副族元素及惰性元素的电负性。结果表明，新电负性标度X~N与目前流行的Pauling标度颇为一致。进一步从价轨道能级连接性指数确定了碳原子的sp,sp^2,sp^3杂化轨道的电负性。     

电负性研究Ⅰ.建立元素电负性标度的有效核电荷数方法

通过价层电离能、价键轨道能量用有效核电荷数法建立了周期表中 90种元素的电负性新标度。χ=0 .41 2 3 -EV,该式表明电负性值与价键轨道能量的绝对值的平方根成正比 ,所得数值是一套无量纲的相对参数。元素电负性值随价态的升高与元素非金属性的增强相对应 ,元素电负性的大小不仅与单个成键电子有关 ,而且也与参加价键作用的多个电子甚至整个价层都有紧密的联系。氢的元素电负性值不同于Pauling值、等于 1 .52。用 1 6种氢化物中键的额外离子能Δ′对 (χA-χB) 2 作图 ,两者之间确实具有良好的线性关系。本方法充分体现了目前公认的三大电负性标度的优点 ,该标度同时也是价层电子在价键状态下的一种能量标度 ,是对元素周期律的定量描述和反映。     

硝酸铕与含氮冠醚配合物的电子结构和化学键

本文用XPS和INDO方法研究了硝酸铕与含氮冠醚配合物[Eu(NO3)2(2,2)]NO3的电子结构, 结合能和电荷分布数据指出, 在配位原子中, 电负性低的氮原子N1s结合能的化学位移比电负性高的氧原子O1s的大。在配合物中, 氮原子转移至中心金属离子上的电荷比氧原子转移的多。铕与含氮冠醚配合物的化学键具有一定程度的共价性, 电负性低的氮原子与铕的配位键(N→Eu)的共价性比电负性高的氧原子的配位键(O→Eu)的大。     

电负性研究I．建立元素电负性标度的有效核电荷数方法

通过价层电离能、价键轨道能量用有效核电荷数法建立了周期表中90种元素的电负性新标度。X＝0。4123√－EV,该式表明电负性值与价键轨道能量的绝对值的平方根成正比,所得数值是一套无量纲的相对参数。元素电负性值随价态的升高与元素非金属性的增强相对应,元素电负性的大小不仅与单个成键电子腾,而且也与参加价键作用的多个电子甚至整个价层都有紧密的联系。氢的元素电负性值不同于Pauling值、等于1．52。用16种氢化物中键的额外离子能△′对（XA－XB）^2作图,两者之间确实具有良好的线性关系。本方法充分体现了目前公认的三大电负性标度的优点,该标度同时也是价层电子在价键状态下的一种能量标度,是对元素周期律的定量描述和反映。     

用电负性数据判断CO分子正、负端对吗?

一、前言电负性,是化学学科常用的原子参数之一.它的一个重要应用是根据组成分子的原子的电负性数据相对大小来判断化学键的极性强弱,以及组成分子的各原子,何者为正端,那个为负端.在戴安帮所著《无机化学》一书中这样写到:“两元素的负电性相差越大,它们之间键的极性越强,而负电性较大的元素为负极,负电性较小的元素为正极.”根据这一经典理论,对于CO分子,由于氧元素的电负性是3.50,碳元素的电负性为2.50,无疑,理应氧原子一端为负端,而碳原子一端为正端.然而,近代量子化学计算却说明CO分     

大气氧谱带的实验研究

利用流动余辉装置,首次报道了金属镍表面催化基态氧原子O(3P)复合从而获得大气氧谱带O2 （b1Σg+→X3Σg-）的(0,0)电子跃迁光谱。并且对反应管壁去激活O2 (b1Σg+)的动力学过程进行了分析,间接证实了O2 (b1Σg+)的浓度在反应管中是非稳态的变化过程。最后对O2 (b1Σg+)的形成机理进行了简单的讨论。     

两个基于五员瓜环的异核金属配合物的合成及晶体结构(英文)

设计并合成了两个五员瓜环(Q[5])桥联K+和Na+形成的新型配合物[K(H2O)2Na(H2O)Q[5]](ClO4)2·6H2O(1),[KNaH(H2O)4Q[5]]n(ClO4)3n·3nH2O(2)。利用单晶X射线衍射进行结构测定,结果表明,配合物1中Q[5]起着一个双五齿配体的作用,每个端口的5个羰基氧原子分别和钾离子和钠离子配位,形成分子胶囊;配合物2中每个钾离子分别通过与相邻的2个Q[5]端口的相邻一对羰基氧原子配位,使得配合物形成一维链状结构,同时Q[5]还提供1个羰基氧原子与Na+配位,氢键使得配合物形成三维超分子结构。     

(英)两个基于大环配体五员瓜环的异核金属配合物的合成及晶体结构

设计并合成了两个五员瓜环(Q[5])桥联K+和Na+形成的新型配合物[K(H2O)2Na(H2O)Q[5]](ClO4)2·6H2O(1),[KNaH(H2O)4Q[5]]n(ClO4)3n·3nH2O(2)。利用单晶X射线衍射进行结构测定,结果表明,配合物1中Q[5]起着一个双五齿配体的作用,每个端口的5个羰基氧原子分别和钾离子和钠离子配位,形成分子胶囊;配合物2中每个钾离子分别通过与相邻的2个Q[5]端口的相邻一对羰基氧原子配位,使得配合物形成一维链状结构,同时Q[5]还提供1个羰基氧原子与Na+配位,氢键使得配合物形成三维超分子结构。     

软硬酸碱理论与元素的存在形式

在无机化学元素部分教学中,元素的存在形式既是该元素化学性质的重要组成部分,又决定了元素单质和化合物的制备与合成方法。运用离子的电子结构知识及化学基本原理分析元素在自然界中的存在形式,既可以加深学生对化学基本知识和基本原理的理解,又可以将元素知识形成知识链以减少记忆量。本文利用软硬酸碱理论和地球环境的基本状况来分析元素在自然界的存在形式,得到了与实际较为符合的结果,表明这是一种简单实用的思路和方法。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。