含三芳胺聚西夫碱的合成与表征

在有机电致发光器件中 ,为了提高器件性能 ,普遍使用空穴输送材料 (ＨＴＭ)以提高空穴注入密度[1～ 3 ] .三芳胺类化合物就是普遍使用的小分子ＨＴＭ .尽管三芳胺类小分子化合物空穴传输性能好 ,但却受到小分子ＨＴＭ普遍的结晶现象和靠真空蒸镀方式成膜的局限[4,5] ,目前 ,许多学者将注意力转向聚合物ＨＴＭ的研究[6～ 8] .聚合物ＨＴＭ可以避免小分子ＨＴＭ的结晶现象 ,具有较高的玻璃化温度并且用旋涂法即可成膜 ,大大简化了成膜工艺 .本文以三芳胺和双羰基化合物进行缩聚反应并制备出未见报道的含三芳胺聚西夫碱空穴输送材料 .这种材料…     

空穴传输材料三芳胺衍生物的合成及性质研究

以二芳胺和芳碘体系为原料,经乌尔曼反应制备了一系列三芳胺衍生物,经NMR,IR,MS等表征了其结构,通过示差扫描量热法(DSC)测定了其玻璃化转变温度,并利用循环伏安法结合紫外可见光谱测定了其HOMO能级和LUMO能级.     

Effects of crystallinity, {001}/{101} ratio,and Au decoration on the photocatalytic activity of anatase TiO2 crystals

Anatase TiO₂ nanocrystals and sub-microcrystals with truncated octahedral bipyramidal morphologies were prepared by direct calcination of TiOF₂ precursors. The as-prepared TiO₂ samples were thoroughly characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and UV-visible diffuse spectroscopy. It was found that the crystallinity, grain size, and {001}/{101} ratio of the samples can be increased by raising the calcination temperature from 500 to 800 °C. The higher crystallinity and {001}/{101} facet ratio resulted in an increase in both aqueous and gas-phase photocatalytic activities, by inhibiting the recombination and separation of electrons and holes. After selecting two TiO₂ samples with high crystallinity and {001}/{101} ratio, Au nanoparticles were decorated on their surfaces, and the photocatalytic activity of the resulting samples under visible light illumination was studied. It was found that the visible light-induced photocatalytic activity increased by 2.6 and 4.8 times, respectively, upon Au decoration of the samples prepared by calcination of TiOF₂ at 700 and 800 °C.     

耐热炸药TATB、PYX和LLM-105的热安定性研究

耐热炸药热安定性在其应用中具有重要作用。本文采用差示扫描量热(DSC)、热重(TG)、真空安定性(VST)等热分析方法,研究了TATB、PYX和LLM-105的热安定性,对TATB、PYX和LLM-105的热分解表观活化能进行了计算。实验结果表明,TATB、PYX和LLM-105在较宽的温度范围内具有较高的热稳定性,耐热温度都超过250℃。这三种炸药的热安定性顺序为:PYX略优于TATB,TATB优于LLM-105。     

Effects of physical aging,crystallinity, and orientation on the enzymatic degradation of poly(lactic acid)

The effects of physical aging, degree of crystallinity, and orientation of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). The samples of PLA with 96% [L] and 4% [D] contents were prepared by injection molding. The physical aging of PLA strongly depended on time and temperature. The change of rate of physical aging was very fast initially and slowed down as time increased. The enzymatic degradation of PLA was carried out with proteinase K at 37°C at a pH value of 8.6 in a Tris/HCl buffer solution. The enzymatic degradation rate was found to decrease as a function of physical aging (i.e., excess enthalpy relaxation). The rate of enzymatic degradation of PLA decreased with the increase in crystallinity. A threshold was observed when the heat of fusion was less than 20 J/g. The weight loss of PLA with a low level of crystallinity had no apparent change during any period of testing time. The rates of enzymatic degradation of stretched and injection-molded specimens were comparable. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Effects of hydrolysis conditions on the morphology,crystallinity, and thermal stability of cellulose nanocrystals extracted from kenaf bast fibers

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were first isolated from kenaf bast fibers and then characterized. The raw fibers were subjected to alkali treatment and bleaching treatment and subsequent hydrolysis with sulfuric acid. The influence of the reaction time on the morphology, crystallinity, and thermal stability of CNC was investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that lignin and hemicellulose were almost entirely removed during the alkali and bleaching treatments. The morphology and dimensions of the fibers and acid-released CNC were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. X-Ray diffraction analysis revealed that the crystallinity first increases upon hydrolysis and then decreases after long durations of hydrolysis. The optimal extraction time was found to be around 40 min during hydrolysis at 45 °C with 65% sulfuric acid. The thermal stability was found to decrease as the hydrolysis time increased. The electrophoretic mobility of the CNC suspensions was measured using the zeta potential, and it ranged from −8.7 to −95.3 mV.     

Adsorption of poly(vinyl formamide-co-vinyl amine) onto silica particle surfaces and stability of the formed hybrid materials

In order to produce silica/polyelectrolyte hybrid materials the adsorption of the polyelectrolyte poly(vinyl formamide-co-vinyl amine), P(VFA-co-VAm) was investigated. The adsorption of the P(VFA-co-VAm) from an aqueous solution onto silica surface is strongly influenced by the pH value and ionic strength of the aqueous solution, as well as the concentration of polyelectrolyte. The adsorption of the positively charged P(VFA-co-VAm) molecules on the negatively charged silica particles offers a way to control the surface charge properties of the formed hybrid material. Changes in surface charges during the polyelectrolyte adsorption were studied by potentiometric titration and electrokinetic measurements. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to obtain information about the amount of the adsorbed polyelectrolyte and its chemical structure. The stability of the adsorbed P(VFA-co-VAm) was investigated by extraction experiments and streaming potential measurements. It was shown, that polyelectrolyte layer is instable in an acidic environment. At a low pH value a high number of amino groups are protonated that increases the solubility of the polyelectrolyte chains. The solvatation process is able to overcompensate the attractive electrostatic forces fixing the polyelectrolyte molecules on the substrate material surface. Hence, the polyelectrolyte layer partially undergoes dissolving process.     

能量色散型X射线荧光光谱法测定聚合物材料中镉和铅含量

提出了能量色散型X射线荧光光谱测定聚合物材料中镉和铅的测试分析方法及制样技巧。按照仪器分析条件测定同时含有镉和铅的6块不同浓度级别的标准物质来建立校准工作曲线,其线性范围分别在250ug·g-1、1100ug·g-1以内。镉和铅的方法检出限依次为4.7ug·g-1、4.1ug·g-1。该方法应用于测定欧洲标准物质ERM-EC680和ERM-EC681k,其镉和铅的实际测定值与标准物质证书的标称值相符,测定实际样品中的镉和铅的回收率介于90~110%。该方法测定标准物质和实际样品中镉和铅的精密度均小于10%。     

Recent Progress on the Design,Characterization, and Application of Superalkalis

Superalkalis are clusters or molecules featuring lower ionization energies (IEs) than that of cesium atoms, and thus exhibit excellent reducing properties. Such special species have great potential to be used in the synthesis of unusual charge-transfer salts and cluster-assembled nanomaterials with tailored properties, in the reduction of carbon dioxide, or as hydrogen storage materials and noble-gas-trapping agents, etc. In this regard, ongoing efforts have been devoted to designing and characterizing superalkalis of new types. The recent progress on the study of superalkalis in terms of theoretical design, characterization, and potential application is summarized in this minireview. We hope this review will not only provide a broad overview of this research field, but also highlight the prospect of further extending the experimental synthesis and practical application of superalkalis.     

Influences of template concentration and epoxy functionality on porous epoxy systems: Characteristics of thermal stability, optical, dielectric, and mechanical properties

Two different multi-porous epoxy thermosets (MPETs), bi-functionality of DGEBA and tri-functionality of TGTPM, were prepared foremost for the interaction of template concentration and epoxy functionality under several physical properties. By performing an automated mercury porosimeter test, we found out template concentration was critical to the amount of voids/pores. Meanwhile, epoxy functionality decided the formation of porous structure through SEM. Comparing with TGTPM MPETs system, the DGEBA MPETs system with 20 wt% template displayed appreciable T_g and tan δ properties while the phenomenon exhibited higher thermal stability property. Additionally, thermal conductivity patterns show the DGEBA MPETs system is a remarkable material of thermal resistance. However, it reduces optical clarity, dielectric permittivity and mechanical strength according to the UV-visible spectroscopy, LCR meter, and DMA, normally. Therefore, we can understand that template concentration and epoxy functionality are key factors of physical degradation and stability in porous epoxy materials.     

Study on the fluorescence and thermal stability of hybrid materials Eu(Phen)2Cl3/MCM-41

A series of luminescent hybrid materials Eu (Phen)₂Cl₃/MCM-41 that the different assembled mass of Eu(Phen)₂Cl₃ included into the channels of MCM, have been synthesized by combining ultrasound technology. The properties of the hybrid materials were characterized by XRD(X-ray Diffraction), N₂-adsorption-desorption, FT-IR and luminescence spectrum. The results show that the rare-earth compounds had been loaded into the holes of mesoporous material MCM-41. The luminescence intensities of the hybrid materials were improved as the increase of the loading concentration of the rare-earth complexes. The hybrid material has the maximal luminescence intensity when it reached the saturated loading concentration (7.17%). To compare with the pure rare-earth complex, the thermal stability of the hybrid materials were enhanced by about 100°C. __________ Translated from Chemical Research and Application, 2008, 20(1) (in Chinese)     

杂化材料Eu(Phen)2Cl3/MCM-41的荧光性能及热稳定性研究

采用超声波辅助,将稀土配合物Eu(Phen)2Cl3装入中孔分子筛MCM-41孔道,合成了不同组装量的杂化材料Eu(Phen)2Cl3/MCM-41。运用XRD、N2吸附-脱附、FTIR、荧光光谱等手段对杂化材料进行了表征,研究表明稀土配合物已进入分子筛孔道,且随着配合物嵌入量的增加,杂化材料的荧光发射也逐渐增强。当Eu(Phen)2Cl3的组装量达到饱和(7.17%)时,其荧光强度最大。与纯配合物Eu(Phen)2Cl3相比,Eu(Phen)2Cl3/MCM-41的热稳定性提高了约100°C。