多相条件下亚硫酸镁非催化氧化反应动力学及机理

副产物的氧化回收利用是影响镁法脱硫工艺发展的关键.本文通过真空旋转蒸发的方式制备了高纯度的亚硫酸镁样品,并利用鼓泡式反应装置,研究了亚硫酸镁非催化氧化的反应动力学,考察了pH、氧分压、亚硫酸镁浓度、气体流量、温度等因素对亚硫酸镁氧化反应速率的影响,得到了各反应物的分级数及表观活化能.结合三相反应过程的数学模型推断出亚硫酸镁氧化的本征反应在慢反应区进行,且氧的传质扩散是总反应的速率控制步骤.研究结果为氧化回收镁法脱硫副产物提供了理论依据.     

一种酚类抑制剂对亚硫酸镁氧化反应动力学的影响及作用机理

亚硫酸镁的氧化是湿式镁法烟气脱硫过程中的重要步骤. 通过实验筛选出一种新型酚类抑制剂(T), 可显著延缓亚硫酸镁的氧化反应速率. 在接近实际工况条件下, 研究了抑制剂浓度、亚硫酸镁浓度、氧分压、pH、温度等条件对亚硫酸镁氧化速率的影响. 结果表明, 抑制剂T、溶解氧及亚硫酸镁的分级数分别为－0.25, 0.5和0, 反应的表观活化能为48.2 kJ•mol^－1. 结合建立的三相反应模型, 对T抑制条件下的总反应过程进行了推断, 认为亚硫酸镁氧化的本征化学反应在贫氧区进行, 而总反应速率受氧的传质扩散过程控制. 与非抑制条件下的结果相比, T的存在降低了本征反应速率, 进而使氧的传质速率减小. 研究结果为利用抑制氧化手段实现脱硫副产物回收提供了有益参考.     

微反-色谱-DTA联合装置及乙醇催化氧化脱氢反应动力学的研究

国外,对银催化甲醇氧化脱氢制甲醛的反应动力学曾进行了研究,但对乙醇催化制乙醛的反应动力学,未见到研究报导。本文用自己组装的微反-色谱-DTA联合装置进行了乙醇催化氧化脱氢反应动力学的研究。     

羟基磷酸铜催化剂催化羟化苯酚动力学研究

利用初始反应速率动力学方法研究以过氧化氢为氧化剂.羟基磷酸铜为催化剂催化氧化苯酚的动力学.对催化剂的用量、过氧化氢和苯酚浓度以及温度的影响进行了仔细研究.反应物和催化剂对该反应都是一级的,表观活化能为12kJ/mol.在考虑到所有的吸附平衡后.给出了相应的动力学公式.     

柠檬酸-罗丹明B体系阻抑动力学光度法测定痕量钴(Ⅱ)

催化动力学光度法以其灵敏高、检出限低,受到人们广泛重视.催化动力学光度法常用分析方法［1］有催化氧化动力学光度法、催化还原动力学光度法、催化荧光光度法、阻抑动力学光度法等.催化动力学光度法其检测限都在 ng·mL-1级,通常用于痕量分析,尤其适用于痕量金属离子测定.催化氧化动力学光度法测定痕量钴已有报道［2-5］,而阻抑动力学光度法测定痕量钴报道较少［6,7］.本文研究发现,在NH3·H2O-NH4Cl （pH=9.5）缓冲介质中柠檬酸对双氧水氧化罗丹明B的褪色反应具有阻抑作用,加入钴(Ⅱ)离子后,阻抑作用明显加强,且阻抑作用与加入的钴（Ⅱ）离子浓度成正比.据此建立了利用钴(Ⅱ)-柠檬酸对双氧水氧化罗丹明B褪色反应的催化阻抑动力学光度法来测量痕量钴的方法.该方法用于VB12药品针剂中痕量钴的测定获得较为满意的结果.     

不同气流床气化工艺炭黑的氧化反应特性

利用高分辨透射显微镜分别对煤和生物质快速热解炭黑、天然气非催化部分氧化小试装置炭黑和工业装置炭黑、商业天然气炉法炭黑和煤焦油炉法炭黑等六种样品的形貌结构进行了表征;基于常压热重分析仪非等温法(50?800℃)对炭黑的着火点、氧化反应速率进行了研究,获得了炭黑的氧化反应动力学参数.研究表明,不同的炭黑理化性质差异较大,煤...     

萃取催化动力学光度法测定痕量钒

本文研究了在柠檬酸介质中，利用钒（Ⅴ）催化溴酸钾氧化二苯碳酰二肼的指示反应，用萃取平衡控制反应时间和水相中二苯碳酰二肼的浓度及反应程度，建立了萃取催化动力学光度法测定痕量钒的新方法。     

肾上腺素氧化反应的研究——氧化反应动力学和机理以及自由及中间体

用紫外吸收光谱法结合计算机模拟研究了肾上腺素(Adjn)在Cu(Ⅱ)离子催化下, 用H_2O_2氧化产生肾上腺素红(Adom)的反应动力学, 考查了反应的速率随体系中肾上腺素的初始浓度, Cu(Ⅱ)离子浓度和H_2O_2浓度的变化情况。在流动法或添加自由基稳定剂的条件下, 利用顺磁共振法检测丁肾上腺素自氧化, 光氧化和Cu(Ⅱ)离子催化H_2O_2氧化产生的半醌自由基。考查了Cu(Ⅱ)离子催化下自由基的相对浓度随反应条件的变化情况。在反应动力学和顺磁共振实验的基础上所提出的可能的反应机理, 半定量地解释此反应动力学实验结果和顺磁共振实验中的自由基行为。     

肾上腺素氧化反应的研究——氧化反应动力学和机理以及自由基中间体

用紫外吸收光谱法结合计算机模拟研究了肾上腺素(Adjn)在Cu(Ⅱ)离子催化下,用H_2O_2氧化产生肾上腺素红(Adom)的反应动力学,考查了反应的速率随体系中肾上腺素的初始浓度,Cu(Ⅱ)离子浓度和H_2O_2浓度的变化情况。在流动法或添加自由基稳定剂的条件下,利用顺磁共振法检测丁肾上腺素自氧化,光氧化和Cu(Ⅱ)离子催化H_2O_2氧化产生的半醌自由基。考查了Cu(Ⅱ)离子催化下自由基的相对浓度随反应条件的变化情况。在反应动力学和顺磁共振实验的基础上所提出的可能的反应机理,半定量地解释此反应动力学实验结果和顺磁共振实验中的自由基行为。     

催化动力学分析法(Ⅱ)

本文阐述了催化动力学分析法的基本原理,并推导了一级或假一级反应、零级或假零级反应的基本反应式。论述了反应速度的监测与计算方法,并把催化动力学分析法区分为氧化还原反应、非氧化还原反应及利用酶的反应等三种类型。     

Intrinsic oxidation kinetics of sulfite catalyzed by peracetic acid under different water quality and light conditions

Oxidation of sulfite is an important process in wet flue gas desulfurization. Using highly purified water or distilled water as a reaction medium and a transparent or an opaque intermittent reaction apparatus, the intrinsic oxidation kinetics of sulfite catalyzed by peracetic acid was investigated under four different conditions. The reaction order of the reagents and the activation energy were obtained. The results indicate that water quality and light have no obvious effects on the reaction order and activation energy, but have an influence on the reaction rate constant. The mechanism of the intrinsic reaction is proposed. The results derived with this mechanism are in good agreement with the experimental results. Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. JK00020), the Doctor Research Fund from North China Electric Power University (Grant No. 200612008), and the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2007AA061703)     

Electrocatalytic oxidation of sulfite by acetylferrocene at glassy carbon electrode

The electrochemical oxidation of sulfite catalyzed by acetylferrocene (AFc) at a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in 0.2 M NaClO₄ aqueous solution has been studied by cyclic voltammetry. Although sulfite itself showed a sluggish electrochemical response at the GCE, the response could be enhanced greatly by using AFc as a mediator, which enables a sensitive determination of the substrate (sulfite). The reaction rate constant for catalytic oxidation was evaluated as (7.02 ± 0.05) × 10⁴ M ^?1 s^?1 by chronoamperometry. Experimental conditions that maximize the current efficiency of the electrocatalytic oxidation, such as the pH and both the catalyst (AFc) and substrate (sulfite) concentrations, were also investigated. The electrochemical kinetics of electrocatalytic oxidation of sulfite by AFc has been studied by cyclic voltammetry. In the presence of 5 × 10^?4 M AFc, the oxidation current is proportional to the sulfite concentration and the calibration plot was linear over the concentration range 2 × 10^?4–2.4 × 10^?3 M . This result can be applied in the determination of real samples. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Formation of Peracetic Acid upon Aging of Perborate in Acetic Acid. Kinetics of the Oxidation of S-Phenylmercaptoacetic Acids

 Upon aging, perborate in glacial acetic acid generates peracetic acid and thus oxidizes S-phenylmercaptoacetic acid rapidly. Perborate dissolved in ethylene glycol, however, does not show the aging effect, and the corresponding oxidation proceeds smoothly. The oxidation is of second order and not acid catalyzed. Boric acid and borate do not influence the oxidation. In the smooth oxidation, is the reactive species. The oxidation of some para-substituted S-phenylmercaptoacetic acids conforms to the Exner relationship, indicating operation of a common mechanism. Also, the oxidation obeys the Hammett equation with a negative reaction constant. However, the oxidation of p-nitro-S-phenylmercaptoacetic acid follows a different kinetic pathway.     

Formation of Peracetic Acid upon Aging of Perborate in Acetic Acid. Kinetics of the Oxidation of S-Phenylmercaptoacetic Acids

Summary.  Upon aging, perborate in glacial acetic acid generates peracetic acid and thus oxidizes S-phenylmercaptoacetic acid rapidly. Perborate dissolved in ethylene glycol, however, does not show the aging effect, and the corresponding oxidation proceeds smoothly. The oxidation is of second order and not acid catalyzed. Boric acid and borate do not influence the oxidation. In the smooth oxidation, is the reactive species. The oxidation of some para-substituted S-phenylmercaptoacetic acids conforms to the Exner relationship, indicating operation of a common mechanism. Also, the oxidation obeys the Hammett equation with a negative reaction constant. However, the oxidation of p-nitro-S-phenylmercaptoacetic acid follows a different kinetic pathway. Received March 15, 2000. Accepted (revised) May 3, 2000     

Cross-talk Between (Hydrogen)Sulfite and Metalloproteins: Impact on Human Health

Sulfite is a potent toxic substance causing harm to multi-organ in human. Despite toxicity, it is widely used as preservative, anti-browning and anti-oxidant in foods, beverages, and pharmaceuticals, which cause easy admission of sulfite in human. Sulfite is also produced endogenously during the catabolism of cysteine and methionine. In vivo, the serum sulfite level at physiological range is strictly maintained by a molybdenum dependent sulfite oxidase (SO), which catalyzes sulfite to sulfate oxidation via a two-electron oxidation pathway. The loss of SO activity causes high serum sulfite level that fosters several diseases, including asthma, neurological dysfunction, birth defects, and heart diseases. The cytotoxicity of (bi)sulfite is implicated as sulfite radicals, which are generated by mainly heme-peroxidases via a one-electron oxidation pathway. On the other hand, the toxic sulfite radicals are neutralized to sulfite by heme-globins. The enzymatic reduction of sulfite to sulfide is catalyzed by sulfite reductase, which contains an unusual metal cofactor, siroheme-[4Fe4S]-cluster. Overall, the interaction of sulfite with various metalloproteins in vivo is a close relation with human health. Therefore, this review describes the metabolic conversion of (bi)sulfite to sulfate, sulfite radical or sulfide via oxidation or reduction pathways by various metalloproteins (specially SOs, peroxidases, heme-globins, and sulfite reductases), and the potential applications of sulfite in biosensors/biofuel cells, anti-browning, and advance oxidation process.     

Esr spin trapping evidence for SO.- 3 and .OH radicals in sulfite oxidation

Electron spin resonanee (ESR) spin trapping experimenss have been carried out to investigate the mechanism of sulfite oxidation employing 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroine-1-oxide (DMPO) as a spin trap. The results show that sulfite autoxidation, catalyzed by Mn(II), involves not only the SO^.- ₃ radicals but also the .OH radicals. An addition of H₂O₂ to the sulfite aqueous medium significantly increases the .OH radical formation. This result provides new clues to the chemical mechanism of the sulfite oxidation and the sulfite toxicity.     

气相色谱法监测氧化钙催化制备生物柴油的反应进度

建立了一种通过检测氧化钙催化制备生物柴油过程中产生的甘油来监测反应进度的方法. 在反应样品中加入草酸、硫酸溶液, 除掉由催化剂引入的钙离子, 释放与氧化钙结合的甘油, 利用气相色谱方法检测甘油的含量. 讨论了实验中加入草酸、硫酸的目的及对结果的影响. 实验结果表明, 此法可用于氧化钙催化制备生物柴油过程中反应进度监测的研究.     

Structural analysis of missense mutations causing isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency

The physiologically essential oxidation of sulfite to sulfate is catalyzed by the molybdoheme enzyme, sulfite oxidase. Deficiencies of this enzyme in human patients lead to severe neurological symptoms, which usually result in death in early childhood. Up to date eleven missense mutations in the gene encoding sulfite oxidase have been identified from sulfite oxidase deficient patients. The structural characterization of these mutants is now possible after the chicken sulfite oxidase gene has been synthesized chemically and due to the high homology to the human enzyme it provides a good model of human sulfite oxidase. This review focuses on the possible effects of the sulfite oxidase deficiency causing mutations based on our new structures of recombinant chicken sulfite oxidase.     

苯酚抑制条件下亚硫酸盐氧化的本征反应动力学

亚硫酸盐的氧化是湿法烟气脱硫工艺中的重要过程. 利用间歇式反应装置, 研究了苯酚抑制条件下亚硫酸盐氧化的本征反应动力学. 结果表明, 该复杂的反应过程分两个阶段进行, 即富氧区的快速反应和贫氧区的慢速反应. 在富氧区, 苯酚、亚硫酸盐和溶解氧的分级数分别为－0.5, 1.0和2.0, 反应的表观活化能为99.2 kJ•mol－1; 在贫氧区, 苯酚、亚硫酸盐和溶解氧的分级数分别为－0.5, 1.5和0, 反应的表观活化能为 129.7 kJ•mol－1. 结合实验结果, 对苯酚抑制条件下亚硫酸盐氧化的宏观反应动力学过程进行了推断.