基于波传播法的周期复合板振动带隙衰减特性研究

运用波传播法对有限和无限周期对边简支复合板的振动带隙衰减特性进行了研究.在建立相邻板结构边界连续方程的基础上, 分别运用传递矩阵和Bloch定理建立了有限和无限周期复合板的耦合运动方程, 并详细对比分析了有限和无限周期复合板带隙衰减特性的关联关系.研究表明: 周期板结构的振动带隙频率范围与激励方式和激励位置是相关的, 若周期复合板在宽度方向按某阶模态进行线激励, 则该激励下的振动带隙与无限周期复合板在该阶模态下的振动带隙是一致的; 若周期板在点激励作用, 则该点激励下的振动带隙是参与振动的各阶模态振动带隙的交集. 此外, 还进一步研究了结构阻尼对振动衰减带隙的影响. 关键词： 周期复合板 带隙衰减特性 波传播法 结构阻尼     

Efficient molecular model for squeeze-film damping in rarefied air

Based on the energy transfer model(ETM) proposed by Bao et al.and the Monte Carlo(MC) model proposed by Hutcherson and Ye, this paper proposes an efficient molecular model(MC-S) for squeeze-film damping(SQFD) in rarefied air by releasing the assumption of constant molecular velocity in the gap.Compared with the experiment data, the MC-S model is more efficient than the MC model and more accurate than ETM.Besides, by using the MC-S model, the feasibility of the empirical model proposed by Sumali for SQFD of different plate sizes is discussed.It is proved that, for various plate sizes, the accuracy of the empirical model is relatively high.At last, the SQFD of various vibration frequencies is discussed, and it shows that, for low vibration frequency, the MC-S model is reduced to ETM.     

High-frequency vibration analysis of thin elastic plates under heavy fluid loading by an energy finite element formulation

An energy finite element analysis (EFEA) formulation for computing the high frequency behavior of plate structures in contact with a dense fluid is presented. The heavy fluid loading effect is incorporated in the derivation of the EFEA governing differential equations and in the computation of the power transfer coefficients between plate members. The new formulation is validated through comparison of EFEA results to classical techniques such as statistical energy analysis (SEA) method and the modal decomposition method for bodies of revolution. Good correlations are observed and the advantages of the EFEA formulation are identified.     

二维空心散射体声子晶体板的低频带隙特性及其形成机理

利用有限元方法,对设计的涂有硅橡胶包裹层的空心铅柱体嵌入到4个环氧树脂短连接板中构成的声子晶体板的低频带隙特性进行了研究,分析了其能带结构、传输损失及位移场。与正方连接板粘连结构、嵌入结构和细连接短板粘连结构这3种传统声子晶体板的带隙特性作对比,说明具有包裹层、短连接板结构的声子晶体板更容易产生低频宽带;观察位移矢量场的振动模态,并结合弹簧质量模型,解释了带隙形成的机理;通过讨论连接板的宽度、散射体的内外半径及高度对第一完全带隙的影响,说明连接板宽度越窄,厚度越小,散射体内半径越小,外半径越大,高度越高,越有利于带隙的扩展。      

一种多频局域共振型声子晶体板的低频带隙与减振特性

设计了一种多频局域共振型声子晶体板结构, 该结构由一薄板上附加周期性排列的多个双悬臂梁式子结构而构成. 由于多个双悬臂梁式子结构的低频振动与薄板振动的相互耦合作用, 这种局域共振型板结构可产生多个低频弯曲波带隙(禁带); 带隙频率范围内的板弯曲波会被禁止传播, 利用带隙可以实现对薄板的多个目标频率处低频减振. 本文针对这种局域共振型板结构进行了简化, 并基于平面波展开法建立了其弯曲波带隙计算理论模型; 基于该模型, 结合具体算例进行了带隙特性理论分析. 设计、制备了一种存在两个低频弯曲波带隙的局域共振型板结构样件, 通过激光扫描测振仪测试证实该结构存在两个低频带隙, 在带隙频率范围的板弯曲振动被显著衰减.     

Flexural wave suppression by an acoustic metamaterial plate

A new acoustic metamaterial plate is presented for the purpose of suppressing flexural wave propagation. The metamaterial unit cell is made of a plate with a lateral local resonance (LLR) substructure which consists of a four-link mechanism, two lateral resonators and a vertical spring. The substructure presents negative Young’s modulus property in certain frequency range. We show theoretically and numerically that two large low-frequency band gaps are obtained with different formation mechanisms. The first band gap is due to the elastic connection with the foundation while the second is induced by the lateral resonances. Besides, four-link mechanisms can transform the flexural wave into the longitudinal vibration which stimulates the lateral resonators to vibrate and to generate inertial forces for absorbing the energy and thus preventing the wave propagation. Frequency response function shows that damping from the vertical spring has little influence on the band gaps, although the damping can smooth the variation of frequency response (see the dotted line in Figs. 10 and 11). Increasing the damping of the lateral resonators may broaden the second band gap but deactivate its effect. This study provides guidance for flexibly tailoring the band characteristics of the metamaterial plate in noise and vibration controls.     

静电式同位素辐射能量收集器的研究

针对目前无线传感网络节点对长寿命微能源的需求,提出了将同位素辐射能量转换为电能的静电式振动能量收集原理.该原理利用同位素63Niβ辐射能实现平行板悬浮-质量块结构的自由阻尼振动,并通过可变电容电路实现充-放电振荡循环,从而实现电能的转换.通过分析运动状态和能量转化过程,给出了结构的运动状态和能量输出方程,并使用Matlab/Simulink对输出特性进行了数值模拟和基于Ansys的结构优化设计.根据仿真和优化的结构尺寸设计出了满足最大平均输出功率的微电子机械器件结构.结果表明:所设计的结构在一阶固有频率为500 Hz,两极板间距离为75μm,外接电阻为90 k?时平均输出功率最大为0.416μW,转化效率8.25%.     

振膜与音圈粘结间隙对高频截止的影响*

利用声学理论及Comsol仿真对电动式高音扬声器声压级高频进行分析,重点研究了高音振膜与音圈的粘结状态对声压级高频截止的影响。根据实例分析,当音圈与振膜之间的粘结间隙被中心胶填充时,Klippel测试的声压级高频提前截止。通过对中心胶粘结位置相关的类比线路图分析可知,扬声器高频截止频率主要受振膜和中心胶的刚性影响,当中心胶粘结位置存在间隙时,因中心胶材料与骨架材料比模量的差异,Cglue变大,此时整体刚性变小,会使振动能量由音圈骨架传递到振膜材料时的传递速率受到削减,表现为高频截止频率降低。Comsol仿真分析表明,音圈骨架与振膜粘结位置存在间隙时,高频振动模态发生弯曲,影响振动能量的传递,高频提前截止,与实例分析的结果一致。     

Improving low-frequency sound absorption of micro-perforated panel absorbers by using mechanical impedance plate combined with Helmholtz resonators

The traditional Micro-perforated plate (MPP) is a kind of clean and non-polluting absorption structure in the middle and high frequency and has been widely used in the field of noise control. However, the sound absorption performance is dissatisfied at low frequencies when the air-cavity depth is restricted. In this paper, a mechanical impedance plate (MIP) is introduced into the traditional MPP structure and a Helmholtz resonator is attached to the MIP. Mechanical impedance plate (MIP) provides a good absorption at low frequency by using mechanism of mechanical resonance and the acoustic energy is dissipated in the form of heat with viscoelastic material. Helmholtz resonator can fill in the defect of the poor absorption effect between the Micro-perforated plate (MPP) and the mechanical impedance plate (MIP). The acoustic impedance of the proposed sound absorber is investigated by using acoustic electric analogy method and impedance transfer method. The influence of the tube’s length of Helmholtz resonator and the number of Helmholtz resonator on the sound absorption is studied. The corresponding results are in agreement with the theoretical calculation and prove that the composite structure has the characteristics of improving the low frequency sound absorption property.     

均匀流中近壁面垂直流向振荡圆柱水动力特性研究

对均匀来流下靠近壁面处在垂直流向做强迫振荡运动的光滑圆柱的水动力特性进行了试验研究. 试验在拖曳水池中进行, 雷诺数为2× 10⁵, 通过采集顺流向和垂直流向的力, 得到了阻力系数、升力系数、相位角等与间隙比、振荡频率和振幅之间的关系. 通过研究得到如下结论: 1)振荡圆柱的平均阻力系数在近壁面处随间隙比的减小而骤降; 2)振荡圆柱泄涡受到完全抑制的临界间隙比要小于静止圆柱; 3)近壁面的存在对振荡圆柱的能量传递有着重要的影响, 自由边界圆柱强迫振荡所得到的水动力系数不能用来预报海底管道的涡激振动; 4)对于振荡圆柱, 附加质量系数只有在一定的频率范围内才是定值, 且在低频率区域其绝对值随间隙比减小而增大; 5)圆柱在进行强迫振荡时, 其平均阻力系数、振荡阻力系数和振荡升力系数均随无因次振幅的增加而增大. 关键词： 海底管道 强迫振荡 水动力特性 涡激振动     

基于高级统计能量分析的周期加筋板振动特性研究

统计能量分析(statistical energy analysis, SEA)是复杂耦合系统中、高频动力学特性计算的有力工具. 本文以波传播理论和SEA的基本原理为基础, 研究周期加筋板中弯曲波传播特性. 分析了周期结构的频率带隙特性和加强筋对板上弯曲波的滤波特性对SEA计算结果的影响规律, 发现经典SEA由于忽视了加筋板中物理上不相邻子系统间存在的能量隧穿效应, 而导致响应预测结果产生最高近 40 dB的误差. 为了解决这一问题, 本文应用高级统计能量分析(advanced statistical energy analysis, ASEA)方法, 考虑能量在不相邻子系统间的传递、转移和转化的物理过程, 从而大幅提高子系统响应的预测精度, 将误差在大部分频段降低至小于5 dB. 设计了模拟简支边界条件的加筋板振动测试实验装置, 实验测试结果与有限元结果符合较好, 对理论模型进行了验证.     

变厚度圆板、环板振动分析的传递矩阵法*

变厚度圆板和环板是在工程设计中经常遇到的一类构件,与等厚度板相比,通过适当的沿径向厚度的变化,这种变厚度板在振动、失稳、弯曲等方面能起到更好的效果。将沿径向任意变厚度圆板、环板划分为一系列等厚度环板单元,基于Mindlin中厚板理论采用逆向推导的方式推导了其传递矩阵,建立起变厚度圆板、环板的频率方程。通过计算线性变厚度环板自由振动时的频率,并与ANSYS模态分析结果相比较,验证了计算模型的精确性。逆向推导法避免了高阶数传递矩阵推导复杂的问题,是对传递矩阵法的很好推广。     

Analysis on vibration characteristics of large-size rectangular piezoelectric composite plate based on quasi-periodic phononic crystal structure

Based on the theory of composite materials and phononic crystals (PCs), a large-size rectangular piezoelectric composite plate with the quasi-periodic PC structure composed of PZT-4 and epoxy is proposed in this paper. This PC structure can suppress the transverse vibration of the piezoelectric composite plate so that the thickness mode is purer and the thickness vibration amplitude is more uniform. Firstly, the vibration of the model is analyzed theoretically, the electromechanical equivalent circuit diagram of three-dimensional coupled vibration is established, and the resonance frequency equation is derived. The effects of the length, width, and thickness of the piezoelectric composite plate at the resonant frequency are obtained by the analytical method and the finite element method, the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient is also analyzed. The results show that the resonant frequency can be changed regularly and the electromechanical conversion can be improved by adjusting the size of the rectangular piezoelectric plate. The effect of the volume fraction of the scatterer on the resonant frequency in the thickness direction is studied by the finite element method. The band gap in X and Y directions of large-size rectangular piezoelectric plate with quasi-periodic PC structures are calculated. The results show that the theoretical results are in good agreement with the simulation results. When the resonance frequency is in the band gap, the decoupling phenomenon occurs, and then the vibration mode in the thickness direction is purer.     

Isotope effect,energy gap law and temperature effect in resonance energy transfer

The purpose of this paper is to derive an expression for the energy transfer probability that differs from that of Förster and Dexter in that it can be used explicitly for discussing the effects of deuteration and temperature on the rate of energy transfer, and the relation between the energy gap of the donor and acceptor molecules and the rate of energy transfer. It is found that, as in radiationless transitions, the temperature dependence of the rate of energy transfer can be expressed as

and effects of isotope substitution, and the energy gap between the excited donor and unexcited acceptor molecules on the energy transfer probability, are determined mainly by the Franck-Condon factor.     

Experimental investigation of the influence of a posterior gap on glottal flow and sound

The influence of a posterior gap on the airflow through the human glottis was investigated using a driven synthetic model. Instantaneous orifice discharge coefficient of a glottal shaped orifice was obtained from the time-varying orifice area and the velocity distribution of the pulsated jet measured on the axial plane using a single hot-wire probe. Instantaneous orifice discharge coefficient values were found to undergo a cyclic hysteresis loop when plotted versus Reynolds number and time, indicating a pressure head increase and a net energy transfer from the air flow to the orifice wall. The net energy transferred was estimated to be around 10% of the value presumably required to achieve self-sustained oscillation. The radiated sound pressure was measured to characterize the influence of the minimum flow through the posterior gap on the broadband component of the radiated sound. The presence of a posterior gap was found to significantly increase the broadband sound level produced over the frequency range in which human hearing is most sensitive.     

Direct calculation of energy streamlines in near-field thermal radiation

Accurate prediction of the energy propagation direction and the associated lateral shift is very important for the design of efficient energy conversion devices and sensors based on nanoscale thermal radiation. This paper concerns the direction of energy flow during near-field radiative transfer between two parallel plates separated by a vacuum gap. An improved formulation, fully consistent with fluctuational electrodynamics, is developed to correctly trace the energy streamlines inside the emitter, receiver, and the vacuum gap. The influence of surface waves on the direction of energy propagation as well as on the lateral shift of energy streamlines is elucidated. An important finding with the improved formulation is that the lateral shift in the emitter may exceed that in the vacuum gap. The method can be extended for tracing the energy streamlines in multilayered structures.     

NATURAL CONVECTION FROM DISCRETE HEAT SOURCES IN A VERTICALLY VENTED RECTANGULAR ENCLOSURE

Natural convection in a discretely heated, vertically vented enclosure has been investigated experimentally. A vertically vented enclosure is one whose top and bottom boundaries are partially open, allowing ambient fluid to be drawn in by buoyancy. Mach-Zehnder interferometry was used to visualize the temperature field within the enclosure and to determine the local and average heat transfer characteristics of the discrete heat sources. A smoke-generation technique was used to visualize the flow structure. The experimental parameters investigated include Grashof number, vent gap width, and heater locations for a dual heater configuration and a single-enclosure aspect ratio. The vent gap width was varied between a fully open condition (discretely healed parallel plates) and nearly closed. The Mach-Zehnder interferograms and local heat transfer results suggest a complex buoyancy-driven flow field that depends intimately on the rent gap width. For some geometric configurations, the heat transfer coefficient was found to be nearly uniform across the length of the heater, while for others traditional boundary-layer-type heat transfer characteristics were found. In general, the heat transfer coefficient increased with increased vent gap spacing. However, a maximum in average Nusselt number was observed for a dimensionless gap spacing of G/W – 0.67 for one of the two dual-heater placement configurations studied. The heat transfer characteristics were compared to those of a single isolated plate and unobstructed parallel-plate channels.     

The low temperature spectral weight transfer problem in Kondo insulators

In this paper we address the problem of the spectral weight transfer in Kondo insulators (KI). We employ the X-boson approach for the periodic Anderson model, in the U →∞ limit. We calculate the two energy gaps of the system analytically: the indirect gap, Δ_ind = E_g ≃ E_mir, present in the density of states, and the direct one Δ_dir, associated with the minimum energy necessary to produce inter-band transitions. We find that the optical behavior of the system is governed by two energy scales: one of low frequency, characterized by E_g ≃ E_mir, in the mid-infrared region (MIR), which is a reminiscent of the heavy fermion E_mir peak, that appears in Kondo insulators as a broad maximum in the MIR region and that controls the low temperature transport properties, the gap opening in optical conductivity and the formation of the Drude peak, at ω = 0, in the intermediate temperature range. The other energy scale appears at high frequencies, and is characterized by the direct gap Δ_dir. According to our results, this peak controls the anomalous redistribution of spectral weight in the optical conductivity. We apply the theory in order to study the Kondo insulator FeSi, and we calculate the optical conductivity of the system and the spectral weight transfer in the optical conductivity.     

含磁电弹夹层的压电/压磁声子晶体带隙特性研究

将具有力电磁耦合性能的夹层引入到压电/压磁声子晶体中,在保持单胞长度为固定值的情况下,分别改变磁电弹夹层的厚度、磁电弹夹层中压电材料的体积分数和磁电弹夹层中压电材料的种类;并利用传递矩阵法和Bloch定理,得到波数k与频率ω的色散关系;通过色散关系图分析不同的磁电弹夹层对压电/压磁声子晶体带隙特性的影响.研究发现:当磁电弹夹层厚度增加时,带隙的中心频率上升,带隙宽度变宽;当磁电弹夹层中压电材料体积分数增加时,带隙中心频率下降,第一带隙宽度变窄,第二带隙宽度增加,第三带隙宽度保持不变;当磁电弹夹层中的压电材料种类不同时,带隙的中心频率和带隙宽度有明显的改变;磁电弹夹层对压电/压磁声子晶体带隙中心频率的影响在高频区比低频区更显著.