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1.
VPO催化剂的再生性质及其对晶格氧选择氧化丙烷的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
王鉴  赵如松 《分子催化》2000,14(1):11-14
采用脉冲反应器,研究了VPO催化剂的再生性质及其对晶格氧选择氧化丙烷制丙烯酸和乙酸的影响,结果表明,VPO催化剂与气相分子氧反应的速度要比丙烷与其 和氧反应的速度慢许多,因此以丙烷-O2共进料方式进行反应时,催化剂氧化再生是速度控制步骤,水是影响催化剂选择性的重要因素,但对活性影响不大,在反应温度下,水在VPO催化剂 为可逆吸附,容易脱附流失,催化丙烷反应生成目的的产物的活性中心很稳定,主要是晶格  相似文献   

2.
乙苯脱氢Fe2O3—K2O系催化剂中晶格氧和钾的助催作用   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
夏明  何淡云 《分子催化》1995,9(3):201-206
  相似文献   

3.
李然家  沈师孔 《分子催化》2001,15(3):181-186
制备了氧化铁剂,对其进行了程序升温实验(O2-TPD、空气-TPO和CH4-TPR)和不同温度下的多次CH4-空气脉冲循环反应,并对催化剂进行了XRD表征,研究结果表明,Fe2O3不仅具有较高的稳定性,还具有良好的氧化还原性能,可使CH4氧化为CO2和H2O。在750-850℃范围内,Fe2O3具有良好的提供晶格氧的能力;在900℃以上,供氧速度减慢,供氧和补氧能力明显降低,XRD测试结果表明,高于900℃时,脉冲空气不能将与脉冲CH4反应后的氧化铁氧化为Fe2O3晶格,导致了氧化铁供氧量下降。  相似文献   

4.
采用程序升温还原反应(TPR)、XPS、高温真空XRD及活性和比表面测定等方法对单组分Fe_2O_3、双组分Fe_2O_3-K_2O催化剂及工业用XH-03催化剂研究晶格氧的性质和钾的助催作用;结果表明,纯Fe_2O_3催化剂表面氧种的还原程度差别较大,反应时晶格氧易于失去,造成缺氧而迅速失活,钾的加入使催化剂生成新的K_2F_e2O_4相,其表面氧种的还原性趋向一定的温度范围,晶格氧数量增加,且其稳定性也增加,从而同时促进了氧转移脱氢和直接脱氢反应的活性,因此认为K_2Fe_2O_4可能是活性相,脱氢反应的活性中心应由Fe~(2+)、Fe~(3+)、还原程度一定的晶格氧和K~+组成。  相似文献   

5.
Na-W-Mn/SiO2催化剂晶格氧的扩散行为   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
制备了不同组分Na、 W、 Mn/SiO2催化剂, 在ITD(Ion Trap Detector)装置上进行了催化剂表面CO恒温脉冲反应(CO-CTPR). 研究结果表明, 单组分Na、 W、 Mn/SiO2催化剂体相晶格氧向表面扩散的速度顺序为Mn/SiO2>Na/SiO2>W/SiO2; 与CO反应的表面晶格氧数量的顺序为Mn/SiO2>Na/SiO2≈W/SiO2. 多组分Na、 W、 Mn/SiO2催化剂体相晶格氧向表面扩散的速度顺序为Na-W/SiO2>Na-Mn/SiO2>W-Mn/SiO2>Na-W-Mn /SiO2, 且Na与W、 Mn的结合对体相晶格氧向表面的扩散有促进作用; 与CO反应的表面晶格氧数量的顺序为Na-W-Mn/SiO2>Na-Mn/SiO2 >W-Mn/SiO2>Na-W/SiO2.  相似文献   

6.
本文探讨了乙苯催化脱氢制苯乙烯工业氧化铁系催化剂晶格氧与水蒸汽氧的交换以及晶格氧参与反应的微观机理.实验结果表明:催化剂晶格氧参与反应,与水蒸汽氧有交换,反应途径以直接脱氢为主,并发生氧转移脱氢.讨论了两种脱氢反应途径中,晶格氧参与反应的微观过程.强调指出,晶格电子传递和邻近活性位氧化还原周期协同进行是氧转移脱氢机理的必要条件.  相似文献   

7.
研究了不同组成、结构的BiMo基复合氧化物催化剂的丙烷选择氧化至丙烯醛的性能.X射线衍射(XRD)、X光电子能谱(XPS)、原位傅里叶变换激光拉曼光谱(FT-LRS)、电子顺磁共振(ESR)等多种表征结果表明,BiMo基复合氧化物催化剂上丙烷经由中间物丙烯选择氧化至丙烯醛,催化剂的晶格氧为选择性活性氧物种.丙烷直接氧化下丙烷至丙烯醛的选择性和收率与催化剂的Mo=O物种的氧化-还原性质密切关联,而Mo=O物种的性质又取决于Mo离子的配位环境,Mo=O物种的选择性转化丙烷经由丙烯至丙烯醛活性随畸变MoO6八面体、共顶点八面体、共边八面体、MoO4四面体配位环境递增.组成、结构优化调变的催化剂上丙烷选择氧化至丙烯醛选择性和收率可达45%和13.5%,催化剂中具有选择氧化活性的晶格氧物种数可达258 μmol/g.  相似文献   

8.
丙烯酸;丙烷在钒-磷混合氧化物催化剂上晶格氧氧化及其循环流化床工艺  相似文献   

9.
烃类晶格氧选择氧化   总被引:27,自引:0,他引:27       下载免费PDF全文
沈师孔  闵恩泽 《化学进展》1998,10(2):137-145
用催化剂的晶格氧作为烃类选择氧化的氧化剂, 按还原-氧化(Redox) 模式,采用循环流化床提升管反应器, 将烃原料和空气分开进料, 在提升管反应器中烃分子与催化剂的晶格氧反应生成氧化产物, 失去晶格氧的催化剂被输送到再生器中用空气氧化到初始高价态, 然后送入提升管反应器完成还原-再氧化循环。这种新工艺是在没有气相氧分子的条件下进行反应, 可避免气相和减少表面的深度氧化反应, 大幅度提高烃类选择氧化的选择性, 而且因不受爆炸极限的限制可提高原料浓度, 使反应产物容易分离回收, 是控制深度氧化、节约资源和保护环境的有效催化新技术。本文试图对晶格氧选择氧化的研究现状, 面临的主要挑战和应用前景进行简要评述。  相似文献   

10.
王鉴  赵如松 《催化学报》2001,22(5):484-486
丙烷选择氧化制取丙烯酸(AA)和乙酸(HAc)是氧化深度大、反应过程复杂、包含氧化脱氢和选择性氧种进入分子等多重步骤的多相催化过程. 从催化剂设计的角度看,适用于该反应的催化剂必须在较温和的条件下对烷烃具有氧化脱氢的能力. 钒磷混合氧化物(VPO)是目前少有的这类催化剂. 在影响其催化性能的众多因素中,n(P)/n(V)比是个关键参数;丙烷-氧共进料连续流动氧化反应的适宜n(P)/n(V)比为1.05~1.15[1~4]. 丙烷在VPO催化剂上的选择氧化按晶格氧氧化机制进行,适合于循环流化床提升管(CFBR)反应工艺[5]. CFBR工艺在大幅度提高原料中烃的浓度、抑制深度氧化、降低未反应原料的循环费用等诸多方面具有明显的优势[6],特别适用于丙烷等小分子烷烃的选择氧化. 在CFBR工艺中,与烷烃起反应的氧全部来自催化剂. 因此,为了提高经济效益,要求催化剂有尽可能大的可逆储氧量. 本文用脉冲反应器考察了催化剂P/V比对丙烷氧化反应性能的影响.  相似文献   

11.
CeO2, Ce1–xZrxO2, and Ce1–xYxO2–δ (x = 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00) have been rapidly synthesized to estimate their catalytic behavior in decomposing CH3SH. The role of oxygen vacancies, and the relationship between the oxygen species and catalytic properties of CeO2 and Zr-doped and Y-doped ceria-based materials are investigated in detail. Combining the observed catalytic performance with the characterization results, it can be deemed that surface lattice oxygen plays a critical role in methanethiol catalytic conversion over cerium oxides. Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 shows higher catalytic activity for CH3SH decomposition due to the large amount of surface lattice oxygen, readily available oxygen species, and excellent redox properties. Ce0.75Y0.25O2–δ displays better catalytic stability owing to the greater number of oxygen vacancies that would promote bulk lattice oxygen migration to the surface of the catalyst in order to replenish surface lattice oxygen. In addition, the results show that the difference in chemical valence between Ce and the heteroatoms would strongly influence the amount of surface lattice oxygen as well as the mobility of bulk-phase oxygen in these catalysts, thus affecting their activity and stability.  相似文献   

12.
13.
A comparative study of the role of lattice and gaseous oxygen in theoxidative coupling of methane over Na~ /Cao and Ca_xSr_(1-x)TiO_3 perovskiteoxide catalysts was performed by using a pulse reaction technique with CH_4,O_2 and mixtures of CH_4and O_2.It was found that there is an oxygen species onthe Surface of Cao which is active only for the total oxidation of methane at thereaction temperature.These oxygen species.once reacted with methane andconsumed,can be regenerated by the adsorption of oxygen molecules from thegas phase or by the migration of the lattice oxysen from the bulk onto thesurface.In contrast,no such oxygen species and no reaction can be detected bymethane pulsed over Ca_xSr_(1-x)TiO_3perovskite oxide catalysts.Na~ can heavilysuppress the non-selective oxygen species on the surface,and When 5mol%Na~ was incorporated onto the surface of Cao,the sample showed no reactivityto methane.When oxygen exists in the gas phase,or the pulse containsmethane and oxygen,the reaction over(Cao is mai  相似文献   

14.
    
The widespread use of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is still hindered by the sluggish activity and poor durability of cathode Pt-based catalysts. Ordered mesoporous carbons are used to inhibit the coarsening and detachment of Pt during oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the long mesopores of OMCs make it hard to utilize the encapsulated Pt particles, leading to a poor ORR activity. Here, we have constructed an OMC with short mesoporous channel as support for confining Pt particles (Pt@s-OMC). Owing to the shortened meso-channels, the proton and oxygen transport is efficiently boosted, resulting an enhanced mass activity (167.1 mA mgPt−1 at 0.9 V); meanwhile, more metallic Pt and excellent pore structures guarantee the stability of Pt (88 % retention after 4000 cycles). Thus Pt@s-OMC possesses a superior activity and durability simultaneously. This work highlights a distinctive approach to settle the contradiction between high activity and durability, which provides a new insight into ORR catalysts.  相似文献   

15.
V-P-O/SiO2催化剂上表面氧性质的研究   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
 用浸渍法制备了组成为V2O5∶P2O5∶SiO2=20∶x∶100(x=0~60,质量比)的V-P-O/SiO2催化剂,用TPR, IR和TPD法测定了苯和氧在催化剂表面的吸附,在无气相氧和吸附氧存在的条件下用连续TPD方法测定了苯化学吸附与催化剂表面活性端基氧之间的关系. 发现V-P-O/SiO2催化剂对苯的吸附至少有四种吸附中心,但有两种吸附中心是不具有催化活性的,一种对应于苯的物理吸附,而另一种则被CO2所占据.V-P-O/SiO2催化剂表面上氧的吸附随催化剂中P2O5含量的增加而增加,而苯的化学吸附随催化剂表面活性端基氧的增加而增加.  相似文献   

16.
The comprehensive study of conductivity σ, Hall coefficient RH and Seebeck coefficient S has been carried out on high-quality single crystals of CeB6 in a wide range of temperatures 1.8-300 K. An anomalous behavior of all transport characteristics (σ, RH, S) was found for the first time in the vicinity of T*≈80 K. The strong decrease of conductivity σ as well as the unusual asymptotic behavior of Seebeck coefficient S(T)∼−ln T observed below T* allowed us to conclude in favor of crossover between different regimes of charge transport in CeB6. The pronounced change of Hall mobility μH, which diminishes from the maximum value of 20 cm2/(V s) at T* to the values of ∼6 cm2/(V s) at T∼10 K, seems to be attributed to the strong enhancement of charge carriers scattering due to fast spin fluctuations on Ce-sites. The low-temperature anomalies of the charge transport characteristics are compared with the predictions of the Kondo-lattice model.  相似文献   

17.
    
The analysis of the impact of the cathode catalyst layer pore structure on the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) cell performance of a PEMFC is presented. In this study, a pristine CMK-3 catalyst carbon support material with well-defined pore structure in the 3–6 nm range together with two nitrogen-doped variants is analyzed against a commercial carbon black to achieve a better understanding of catalyst layer porosity-performance relations. We used chemically N-doped CMK-3 catalyst to learn more about the effect of N-doped porous catalyst supports on the concomitant transport properties and PEMFC cell performance. Chemical treatment using cyanamide was conducted to introduce a variety of N-functionalities. A detailed in-situ electrochemical investigation was combined with N2-physisorption analysis. Based on their structural properties, the mesopore fractions and pore openings display a major role for reducing oxygen transport resistance and enhance Pt accessibility. We find that hierarchically ordered mesoporosity is superior to disordered porosity with prevalent micropore character: Analysis including adsorption electrochemical active surface area (ECSA), Pt-accessibility, ionomer coverage, pore geometry, proton resistivity and transport loss we conclude the importance of a well-defined mesoporous structure for its cell performance.  相似文献   

18.
混合导体透氧膜反应器可以将供氧反应、氧分离和耗氧反应耦合在一个单元,实现反应和分离一体化,简化化工过程.水分解反应参与的混合导体透氧膜反应器能够实现氢气的制备和分离,近年来受到越来越多的关注.这篇文章综述了混合导体透氧膜反应器中水分解反应领域的研究进展,总结了包括膜材料、催化剂、操作条件等对透氧膜反应器中水分解反应的影响,分析了目前存在的问题,同时展望了该领域在膜材料、膜结构和催化剂开发等方面的未来发展方向,希望有助于促进膜反应器中水分解反应的研究.  相似文献   

19.
    
We show that when anharmonicity is added to the electron–phonon interaction it facilitates electron pairing in a localized state. Such localized state appears as singlet state of two electrons bound with the traveling local lattice soliton distortion, which survives when Coulomb repulsion is included. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012  相似文献   

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