Diffuse phase transition of Fe doped lead ytterbium tantalate ceramics

The effect of different concentration of Fe on the phase transition behavior of Lead ytterbium tantalate is investigated by dielectric and differential scanning calrimetry measurements. The samples are prepared through solid state reaction method and it has been found that the sintering temperature significantly lowered when the proportion of Pb(Fe_1/2Ta_1/2)O₃ increased. It has been observed that the doping in small amounts (0≤x≤0.2) of Fe could meliorate the dielectric and ferroelectric properties. The diffuseness in the mode of phase transition increases and the phase transition temperature decreases as a function of Fe content. It is revealed that the dielectric data and heat capacity data follow a similar trend in the variation of the mode of phase transition and phase transition temperatures. The phase transition temperature values obtained from the heat capacity measurement well agreed with the values obtained from dielectric measurement.     

La掺杂浓度对PLZT薄膜红外光学性质的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法在Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si衬底上制备了不同La掺杂浓度PLZT(x/40/60)薄膜- x射线衍射分析表明制备的PLZT(x/40/60)薄膜是具有单一钙钛矿结构的多晶薄膜- 通过红外椭圆偏振光谱仪测量了波长为2-5—12-6μm范围内PLZT薄膜的椭偏光谱，采用经典色 散模型拟合获得PLZT薄膜的红外光学常数，同时也拟合获得PLZT薄膜的厚度- 随着La掺杂浓 度的增大，折射率逐渐减小- 而消光系数除PLZT(4/40/60)薄膜外，呈现逐渐增大的趋势- 分析表明这些差异主要与PLZ 关键词： PLZT薄膜 红外光学性质 红外椭圆偏振光谱     

Study of phase transitions and properties of tetragonal (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O3 ceramics—II: Diffuse phase transitions and thermodynamics

The diffuse phase transition in tetragonal PLZT materials has been investigated. Strongly broadened permitivity curves were observed for materials with a relative high La content. Curie-Weiss behaviour in the permittivity curves is observed only at temperatures far above the apparent Curie temperature.A latent heat effect is observed at the sharp FE_t → PE_c transition in PLZT x/30/70 materials with a low La content (x<16 at° La). This heat effect decreases linearly with increasing La content. The diffuse tetragonal → cubic transition is attended with a very small heat-effect and a low value (≈0.04 cal/mol°C) for the entropy difference between high and low temperature phase could be determined.Consequently, polarisation fluctuations are possible in a certain temperature interval around the transition.     

Study of phase transitions and properties of tetragonal (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O3 ceramics—I: Phase diagram and β-phase

The phase diagram (T?x plot) of thermally depoled tetragonal PLZT materials has been investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, Capacitance and DSC measurements. Materials with a low La content show a classical Fe_t?PE_c transition. This transition has first or second order character, dependent on the Zr/Ti ratio.Materials with a medium and high La content show a diffuse transition from the cubic high temperature phase to a tetragonal, so called β phase. This β phase has no clear FE properties and a spontaneous transition to the FE_t phase on lowering the temperature only takes place for materials with a medium La content. For materials with a high La content a spontaneous β_t→ FE_t transition is not observed.     

Structural and dielectric properties of phosphorous-doped PLZT ceramics

In the present work we have reported the unique effects of P₂O₅-doped PLZT ceramics with composition (Pb_0.92La_0.08)(Zr_0.65Ti_0.35)O₃ +x wt% of P₂O₅ (wherex = 1, 3 and 5) prepared chemically by co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction studies suggest that the prepared compound was very fine (10–25 nm), homogeneous and of rhombohedral symmetry. The apparent density of samples decreased with the P⁵⁺ additions. Studies of dielectric constant and dielectric loss as a function of frequency (10–1000 kHz) and temperature suggest that the compound undergoes diffuse type of phase transition without any sign of relaxor behaviour. With increasingx, dielectric constant was found to decrease appreciably, whereas Curie temperature (T_C) was found to increase     

Preparation and dielectric study of high-quality PLZT x/65/35 (x = 6,7,8) ferroelectric ceramics

Ferroelectric ceramics are an important class of solid-state materials as they exhibit a wide range of applications. Various compositions of the ferroelectric ceramic (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O₃ (known as PLZT) were prepared and their dielectric properties were studied. It is difficult to prepare phase-pure PLZT compounds by the direct solid-state reaction method. Its preparation required the use of a special 'covering method' adopted to facilitate phase formation using the solid-state reaction method. High-quality PLZT samples of different compositions (x/65/35, x=6,7,8) prepared using the 'covering method' without adding any excess PbO (to avoid PbO loss) resulted in single-phase formation. The 8/65/35 composition has yielded a dielectric constant of 11273 at T_C, which is in good agreement with the literature value [1, 2]. Also, as the lanthanum content x was varied from 6 to 8 mole %, T_C decreased and the low-frequency (1 kHz) room-temperature dielectric constant value increased. The present publication gives a detailed account of the evolution of the phase-pure PLZT compositions and their physical properties.     

Induction and control of dielectric relaxation properties in Fe-doped nonstoichiometric SrTiO3 ceramics

The dielectric properties of Fe-doped Ti-rich SrTiO₃ ceramics at both A and B sites were investigated. For A site doping, we found one structural phase transition associated with the substitution of smaller Fe ions, and two sets of dielectric relaxations ascribed to oxygen vacancies and hopping conduction between Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺, respectively. Cole-Cole relation shows that both thermally activated dielectric relaxation behaviors mainly originate from the grain boundary. However, for B site doping, they are not observed in the measured temperature range since both the short-range diffusion of oxygen vacancies and electron conduction become the long-range migration, which indicates that the additional conductive channels are opened when Fe ion doping changes from A to B site. The results provide an experimental basis for adjusting dielectric properties in paraelectric materials.     

Dielectric properties of Pb(Mg1/4Zn1/4Nb1/2)O11/4

Polycrystalline samples of Pb(Mg_1/4Zn_1/4Nb_1/2)O_11/4 have been synthesized by high temperature columbite precursor solid state reaction technique. Using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, compound formation in single phase cubic structure was observed and XRD analysis provided preliminary structural data. Detailed studies of dielectric properties of the compound reveal that this compound has high dielectric constant and diffuse phase transition in a wide range of temperatures around the Curie temperature. The charge deficiency of the compound presumably gets compensated in the high temperature columbite precursor process of sample preparation which is supported by single phasic form of the material.     

Investigation of magnetic properties in 57Fe/Al multilayers

Fe/Al multilayer thin films prepared by ion beam sputtering, with an overall atomic concentration ratio of Fe/Al = 1:2 have been studied by x-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), X-ray reflectivity (XRR) and D.C. Magnetization. These studies show the formation of Fe–Al intermetallic layers. Two magnetic regions and transition temperatures of 473 and 533 K are evident from magnetization studies. Conversion Electron Mössbauer Spectroscopy (CEMS) shows formation of off-stoichiometric Fe₃Al like phase and phases consisting of pure Fe and Fe-rich extended Fe–Al solutions.     

Second-order phase transition with coexistence of short-range and long-range ferromagnetic interactions in Ba1.7La0.3FeMoO6 compound

In this work, the magnetic properties and critical behavior around ferromagnetic–paramagnetic (FM–PM) phase transition in Ba_1.7La_0.3FeMoO₆ compound have been investigated in detail. This compound exhibits a second-order magnetic phase transition with Curie temperature T_C = 345 K. The critical exponents β, γ, and δ that are determined by using the modified Arrott plots (MAP), the Kouvel–Fisher (KF) and the critical isotherm analysis agree very well. Our results indicate a coexistence of short-range and long-range ferromagnetic (FM) interactions in Ba_1.7La_0.3FeMoO₆ compound. The existence of long-range FM interactions in this compound can be associated with the crystal structure of materials with long-range Fe/Mo ordering parameter and strength of double-exchange interaction, whereas the existence of the short-range FM interactions can be explained by magnetic inhomogeneity and FM clusters.     

Time evolution of polar regions in (Sr0.65Ba0.35)2NaNb5 O 15 single crystal

The linear, second-order and third-order dielectric susceptibilities χ₁, χ₂, χ₃ of a (Sr_0.65Ba_0.35)₂NaNb₅O₁₅ (SBNN) single crystal have been measured. Strong relaxation was found in all investigated dielectric susceptibilities near the phase transition. The time dependence of linear and third-order dielectric susceptibility can be explained as the effect of polar nano-clusters evolution. Near the phase transition, the net polarization of the crystal, monitored by second-order dielectric susceptibility, changes both its value and orientation. Measurements of the pyroelectric effect indicate that the non-zero net polarization in SBNN crystals appears spontaneously. In addition, the ferroelectric phase transition in SBNN showed many features of a first-order phase transition.     

Structural,spectroscopic and dielectric properties of KVO3

Polycrystalline samples of KVO₃, a member of the pyroxene structural family have been synthesised with high-temperature solid-state reaction technique. Preliminary structural and spectroscopic and detailed dielectric properties have been studied in different conditions. No dielectric anomaly or hysteresis loop has been observed in a wide temperature range (30°C to 450°C). Basic structural and spectroscopic (IR and Raman) studies suggest that at room temperature, KVO₃ is centrosymmetric as reported earlier. This and other observations do not support the recent report of ferroelectric phase transition in the compound.     

第一性原理研究Fe掺杂SnO2材料的光电性质

采用基于第一性原理的线性缀加平面波(FP-LAPW)方法,研究Fe掺杂SnO₂材料电子结构和光学性质,包括电子态密度、能带结构、介电函数和其他一些光学图谱. 研究结果表明,掺Fe后材料均属于直接跃迁半导体,且呈现半金属性;随掺杂浓度增加,费米能级进入价带,带隙逐渐减小,Fe原子之间耦合作用增强;通过掺杂能够在一定程度上改变成键性质,使其具有金属键性质. 光学谱线(吸收谱、消光系数等)与介电函数虚部谱线相对应,均发生蓝移,各峰值与电子跃迁吸收有关,从理论上指出光学性质和电子结构的内在联系. 关键词： 能带结构 态密度 光学性质 介电函数     

Pulsed laser deposition of perovskite relaxor ferroelectric thin films

Structural, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of thin films of La-doped lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) and sodium bismuth titanate-barium titanate (NBT-BT) perovskite relaxor ferroelectric have been investigated. PLZT films were deposited on Pt/Si substrates in oxygen atmosphere by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and radio frequency (RF) discharge-assisted PLD, using sintered targets with different La content and Zr/Ti ratio, near or at the boundary relaxor ferroelectric. The films are polycrystalline with perovskite cubic or slightly rhombohedral structure. A slim ferroelectric hysteresis loop, typical for relaxors, has been measured for all film sets. Dielectric characterization shows a large value of capacitance tunability and low dielectric loss. However, common problems related to lead diffusion into the metallic electrode layer do not allow one to obtain high capacitance values, due to the formation of an interface layer with low dielectric constant. Lead-free NBT-BT thin films have been deposited on single crystal (1 0 0)-MgO substrates starting from targets with composition at the morphotropic phase boundary between rhombohedral and tetragonal phase. Films deposited by PLD are polycrystalline perovskite with a slight (1 0 0) orientation. Capacitance measurements were performed using interdigital metallic electrodes deposited on the film's top surface and showed high relative dielectric constant, on the order of 1300.     

Structural and dielectric properties of Bi modified PLZT ceramics

Polycrystalline samples of bismuth (Bi) doped lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) with the general formula Pb_0.9(La_1−zBi_z)_0.1(Zr_0.65Ti_0.35)_0.975O₃, where [z=0.0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7] near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) has been synthesized by a solid solution mixing technique. Some aspect of crystal structure of the compound at room temperature was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. Detailed studies of dielectric constant (ε) and dielectric loss () obtained both as a function of frequency (100 Hz-100 kHz) at room temperature (RT) and temperature (RT-600 K) at 10 kHz suggest that compounds undergo ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition of diffuse type. Both ac and dc conductivity have been studied over a wide range of temperature. The activation energy (E_a) of the samples was calculated from the plot of ac conductivity vs. inverse of absolute temperature. The temperature variation of resistivity shows that the compounds have negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR).     

Dielectric and acoustic properties of the new lead-free BiLi<Subscript>0.6</Subscript>W<Subscript>0.4</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> ceramic

The properties of the new lead-free compound BiLi_0.6W_0.4O₃, obtained using ceramic technology, were studied by dielectric and mechanical spectroscopy. The anomalies of internal friction are, along with the elastic and dielectric properties observed experimentally at a temperature of 350°C, related to its structural phase transition. Dielectric and mechanical relaxation due to processes of interaction between crystal lattice defects was revealed in the low-temperature phase.     

Magnetic and dielectric study of Bi2CuO4

Magnetic and dielectric properties have been investigated for Bi₂CuO₄, which has the same chemical formula as that of the parent materials of cuprate superconductors R₂CuO₄ (R: rare earths). Magnetization measurements show the antiferromagnetic transition of the Cu²⁺ spins at ～42 K, as reported previously. Dielectric measurements for the frequencies of 1 kHz to 1 MHz show that the dielectric constants are 100–500 at room temperature. The dielectric dispersion reveals that the dielectric response lacks spatial coherence, a property which indicates the possible existence of phase separation as suggested for La₂CuO₄. The imaginary part of dielectric response gives the activation energy of 0.22 eV, suggesting that the dielectric response is governed by the electron hopping between the Cu ions.     

Shifting of transition temperature of ferroelectric liquid crystals due to addition of dye-An optical and dielectric study

In order to study the shifting of phase transition temperature of ferroelectric liquid crystals due to addition of dye molecules, we have investigated two ferroelectric liquid crystal materials (Felix 16/030 and Felix 16/100) and their five mixtures with Anthraquinone dye (1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% wt/wt). The phase transition scheme has been investigated and analyzed by results obtained from the optical transmittance and the dielectric permittivity study with variation of temperature in the range of 30 to 100 °C. Both the samples clearly show the shifting of phase transition temperature with dye concentration, especially the SmC*-SmA phase transition temperature. It is also clear from the study that SmC*-SmA phase transition phenomenon also becomes stronger with the addition of dye molecules. A theoretical explanation has also been given for shifting of phase transition temperature. The amount of shift in transition temperature agrees well as obtained from optical and dielectric studies.     

Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interactions and magnetic texture in Fe films deposited on transition‐metal dichalcogenides

The magnetic properties of materials based on two‐dimensional transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDC), namely bulk Fe_1/4TaS₂ compound as well as TMDC monolayers with deposited Fe films, have been investigated by means of first‐principles DFT calculations. Changing the structure and the composition of these two‐dimensional systems resulted in considerable variations of their physical properties. For the considered systems the Dzyaloshinskii– Moriya (DM) interaction has been determined and used for the subsequent investigation of their magnetic structure using Monte Carlo simulations. Rather strong DM interactions as well as large | D ₀₁|J₀₁ ratios have been obtained in some of these materials, which can lead to the formation of skyrmionic structures varying with the strength of the applied external magnetic field. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Observation of relaxation modes in room temperature ferroelectric liquid crystal mixtures

The dielectric measurements in SmC* and SmA phases of a room temperature ferroelectric liquid crystal mixture FLC-6980 in the cells of different thickness in planer alignment have been carried out in the frequency range 100 Hz to 1 MHz. A relaxation mode (called NRM) whose dielectric increment is less than the Goldstone mode has been observed in the SmC* phase. This mode appears due to the surface effect. Goldstone mode and the soft mode was observable in the vicinity of SmC*-SmA transition temperature (T _C*A). The dielectric parameters of the Goldstone mode, new mode and the soft mode have been studied as a function of frequency and temperature. The calculated values for f_NRM, δε^NRM and distribution parameter α_NRM are found to be 325 kHz, 6 and 0.156 for 5μm thick planer cell at 37°C. It is seen that in the vicinity of theT _C*A, soft mode obeys the Curie-Weiss law given by mean field theory. The results have been compared with materials of large spontaneous polarization.