胆石症的多元判别分析

取胆石症患者组血浆（２６例）、胆汁（１６例）和非胆石症组血浆（２３例）、胆汁（１２例），用同位素源激发Ｘ射线多道能谱分析仪测定６种微量元素含量．并对两种样本的有关元素作多元判别分析．结果，患者组血浆中微量元素含量均高于对照组，其中锌有极显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）；患者组和对照组血浆、胆汁经多元判别分析的判别率为７０％．     

微量元素与脑血管疾病的关系

报道了９７例脑血管疾病患者血清中铜、锌、锂、硒等四种微量元素含量的测定，并设立对照组５０例，用以探索这些元素与脑血管疾病发病之间的关系，观察结果发现两组血清微量元素含量不同，疾病组明显低于对照组，呈现高度显著性差异。     

铁、锌、锰、钙在出血性脑卒中患者脑脊液中的含量变化及临床意义探讨

对正常对照组与出血性脑卒中患病组脑脊液的微量元素含量的变化作了比较分析。结果表明 ,测定的五种元素中 ,患病组中铁、锌、锰、钙含量均显著上升 (P <0 0 1 )。脑脊液微量元素含量的改变 ,有助于脑卒中类型的鉴别诊断和提出新的临床治疗方法。     

儿童多动症与微量元素关系的探讨

为了探讨儿童多动症与微量元素的关系，测定了７２例多动症患儿头发中的六种元素Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｃｒ、Ｆｅ、Ｃａ含量，并将其与正常儿童进行比较，结果表明：多动症组Ｃｕ显著低于正常组，Ｐ〈０．０１，多动症组Ｚｎ显著低于正常组，Ｐ〈０．０５，多动症组Ｐｂ显著高于正常组，Ｐ〈０．０５。提示调整患儿体内微量元素平衡可作为治疗儿童多动症的辅助方法。     

75例3岁以下营养不良儿血铅,锌,铜,铁,钙含量的变化

比较了７５例３岁以下营养不良儿与正常儿的全血铅、锌、铜、铁、钙含量，结果发现营养不良儿以上５种元素均较正常儿明显减少，经统计学处理有非常显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）．提示这５种元素与营养不良密切相关。Ⅲ度营养不良儿的血锌、铜、铁、钙含量又比Ⅰ、Ⅱ度营养不良儿明显降低．本组血铅含量虽然比本地区正常儿降低，但已高于国外内诊断标准，提示营养不良对铅的吸收可能较正常儿低，但对铅中毒易感性增高，也可能是营养不良生长发育障碍的原因之一。在治疗营养不良同时补充微量元素锌、铁、钙可以减少铅的吸收。     

光疗对新生儿高胆红素血症患儿微量元素影响的临床观察

观察了４５例新生儿高胆红素血症患儿光疗（蓝光）前后血清１５种元素的变化。结果发现患儿在光疗后１２种元素含量较光疗前降低，尤其是Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ降低明显，ｔ值分别为２．０９，２．７３，Ｐ〈０．０５，Ｐ〈０．０１，有显著性差异，Ｚｎ、Ｃａ虽有所下降，但无统计学意义。推测Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ降低的原因与肠道、尿液及汗液排泄增加有关。提示对光疗后的高胆血症病人应注意及时补充Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ等微量元素，以保证小儿生长发育的需要。     

青少年高血压与头发中微量元素关系的分析

为研究青少年高血压与头发微量元素的关系，对50例血压偏高及50例血压正常的青少年头发进行了5种元素的测定。结果表明，高血压组的青少年Zn和Ca含量高于正常组，Fe和Cu则低于正常组，而Mg则无显著差异。     

肝癌与肝硬化腹水微量元素Cu、Zn测定的临床诊断价值

腹水是一种病理性腹腔渗出液或漏出波．肝癌、肝硬化晚期，腹膜炎等多种疾病可致病人出现腹水，由于引起腹水病因不同，腹水中各物质含量亦有所不同．关于腹水中微量元素含量的研究尚少见报道。为此作者分三组测定了４８份腹水中的Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ含量，进行了分析比较，结果如下：１．Ｃｕ含量．其它组高于肝癌组，肝癌组高于肝硬化组，各组间差异非常显著，Ｐ＜０．０１。２．Ｚｎ含量，肝癌组高于肝硬化组，肝硬化组高于其它组，各组间差异显著，Ｐ＜０．０５．３．以上结果说明，测定腹水中Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ含量是一项了解腹水性质较敏感指标，尤其是肝硬化癌变时，Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ含量有明显的变化．     

肺癌患者头发中的微量元素分析

分析了30例肺癌患者头发的19种微量元素，即：锌、铁、铜、钙、锰、镍，铬，钼、镉、铅，年纪最小的33岁，最大的89岁，平均年龄53．3岁，其中男22例，女8例，检测结果：肺癌患者头发微量元素锌、锰明显减低，男性肺癌病人发镍、发铬明显增高，提示肺癌的发生与人体内锌、锰的降低和镍、铬的增高有一定关系。     

新生儿肺炎血中元素含量的变化

对５０例新生儿肺炎患儿和５０例正常新生儿进行了全血中元素锌、铁、钙、镁、铜、锰含量的对比观察，结果发现新生儿肺炎患儿血液中锌、铁、钙、镁４种元素均显著低于正常新生儿，血铜、锰与正常组无显著性差异．提示新生儿肺炎患儿血锌、铁、钙、镁的代谢方面均存在一定缺陷，认为新生儿肺炎患儿合理补充微量元素，对治病有益处。     

支气管动脉CTA检查在中央型肺癌患者介入术前的指导价值

为探讨支气管动脉CT血管造影(CTA)检查在中央性肺癌患者介入术前的指导价值,本研究选取因反复肺癌咯血于我院行支气管动脉CTA检查的中央性肺癌患者56例,另选取同期正常对照组15例。所有患者均进行支气管动脉栓塞术,比较CTA影像学检查结果。结果显示,左肺癌患者的L支气管动脉显影率、右肺癌患者的R支气管动脉显影率均显著高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);左、右肺癌患者的L、R支气管动脉内径均显著高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);左肺癌患者的支气管动脉解剖分型以Grade 4型为主,占72.2%;右肺癌患者的支气管动脉解剖分型以Grade 1型为主,占47.4%。共检出咯血动脉76支,其中支气管动脉58支、肺循环动脉10支、多种动脉交通吻合型6支、肋间动脉2支。28例肺癌患者的供血支气管动脉至少有1个弯角≤90°,走行迂曲,CTA可见点或网状肿瘤血管,内肺动脉被包绕,狭窄;部分肺外体循环参与供血的患者,其病灶邻近的胸膜增厚。研究结果显示,支气管动脉CTA检查可有效提供支气管动脉的分支类型、解剖分型及开口部位,能较好地观察肺内疾病的血供来源,为患者介入治疗提供参考。     

Effect of mycolic acid on surface activity of binary surfactant lipid monolayers

In pulmonary tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis lies in close physical proximity to alveolar surfactant. Cell walls of the mycobacteria contain loosely bound, detachable surface-active lipids. In this study, the effect of mycolic acid (MA), the most abundant mycobacterial cell wall lipid, on the surface activity of phospholipid mixtures from lung surfactant was investigated using Langmuir monolayers and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In the presence of mycolic acid, all the surfactant lipid mixtures attained high minimum surface tensions (between 20 and 40 mN/m) and decreased surface compressibility moduli <50 mN/m. AFM images showed that the smooth surface topography of surfactant lipid monolayers was altered with addition of MA. Aggregates with diverse heights of at least two layer thicknesses were found in the presence of mycolic acid. Mycolic acids could aggregate within surfactant lipid monolayers and result in disturbed monolayer surface activity. The extent of the effect of mycolic acid depended on the initial state of the monolayer, with fluid films of DPPC-POPC and DPPC-CHOL being least affected. The results imply inhibitory effects of mycolic acid toward lung surfactant lipids and could be a mechanism of lung surfactant dysfunction in pulmonary tuberculosis.     

Imaging of the bronchial blood flow usingg RI-angiography--study on its procedure and application of dual radioisotope technique (author's transl)

RI-angiography with 99mTcO4- was carried out using a scintillation camera with a digital minicomputer for the purpose of imaging of bronchial blood flow in various lung diseases, and as application of dual radioisotope techniques, other imagings such as tumor imaging with 197HgCl2 or 67Ga-citrate and/or perfusion imaging with 99mTc-MAA, were performed simultaneously in patients remaining the same position, too. The image as a iso-count map extracted out of the image of 197HgCl2, 67Ga-citrate or 99mTc-MAA, was superimposed to the brightness image of RI-anigogram (aortic phase). By these procedures, the image of bronchial blood flow were obtained in some patients with lung cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis, lung abscess, and chronic bronchitis. The dual radioisotope techniques using RI-angiography and the other imaging were useful to make isotope diagnosis of lung diseases more reliable, and the image superimposition methods using RI-angiogram and the image of tumor or perfusion, were useful to improve anatomic orientation of the former.     

孤立性肺结节的CT形态学特征结合GSI模式的诊断学研究

本研究探讨CT联合能谱成像(GSI)模式诊断孤立性肺结节的临床价值。选取经肺穿刺活检或手术病理学证实的肺孤立性结节患者110例(110个肺结节),对患者的CT平扫、GSI平扫资料进行分析。根据病理学结果分为良性组(炎性结节、非典型腺瘤样增生)41例、恶性组(肺癌小结节)69例,对比两组患者的肺小结节形态学特征综合评分、动静脉期的能谱曲线斜率、40 keV CT值、标准化碘浓度(NIC)的差异。结果显示,恶性组患者的毛刺征和棘突征、分叶征、血管集束征、胸膜凹陷征、支气管征、病灶内钙化、病灶强化值及孤立性肺结节形态学特征总分均高于良性组(P<0.05);恶性组患者的动脉期、静脉期的能谱曲线斜率、40 keV CT值、NIC均低于良性组(P<0.05)。肺部孤立性恶性结节的形态学特征与肺部良性结节差异显著,恶性结节的能谱曲线斜率、40 keV CT值、NIC值与良性结节差异明显。因此,综合分析结节的形态学特征及GSI参数对其良恶性诊断具有重要意义。     

Lung surfactant dysfunction in tuberculosis: effect of mycobacterial tubercular lipids on dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine surface activity

In pulmonary tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria reside in the alveoli and are in close proximity with the alveolar surfactant. Mycolic acid in its free form and as cord factor, constitute the major lipids of the mycobacterial cell wall. They can detach from the bacteria easily and are known to be moderately surface active. We hypothesize that these surface-active mycobacterial cell wall lipids could interact with the pulmonary surfactant and result in lung surfactant dysfunction. In this study, the major phospholipid of the lung surfactant, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and binary mixtures of DPPC:phosphatidylglycerol (PG) in 9:1 and 7:3 ratios were modelled as lung surfactant monolayers and the inhibitory potential of mycolic acid and cord factor on the surface activity of DPPC and DPPC:PG mixtures was evaluated using Langmuir monolayers. The mycobacterial lipids caused common profile changes in all the isotherms: increase in minimum surface tension, compressibility and percentage area change required for change in surface tension from 30 to 10 mN/m. Higher minimum surface tension values were achieved in the presence of mycolic acid (18.2 ± 0.7 mN/m) and cord factor (13.28 ± 1.2 mN/m) as compared to 0 mN/m, achieved by pure DPPC film. Similarly higher values of compressibility (0.375 ± 0.005 m/mN for mycolic acid:DPPC and 0.197 ± 0.003 m/mN for cord factor:DPPC monolayers) were obtained in presence of mycolic acid and cord factor. Thus, mycolic acid and cord factor were said to be inhibitory towards lung surfactant phospholipids. Higher surface tension and compressibility values in presence of tubercular lipids are suggestive of an unstable and fluid surfactant film, which will fail to achieve low surface tensions and can contribute to alveolar collapse in patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis. In conclusion a biophysical inhibition of lung surfactant may play a role in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and may serve as a target for the development of new drug loaded surfactants for this condition.     

Anti-tumor effects of combined doxorubicin and siRNA for pulmonary delivery

Direct administration of drugs and genes to the lungs by pulmonary delivery offers a potential effective therapy for lung cancers.In this study,combined doxorubicin(DOX)and Bcl2 siRNA was employed for cancer therapy using polyethylenimine(PEI)as the carrier of Bcl2 siRNA.Most of the DOX and siRNA possessed high cellular uptake efficiency in B16F10 cells,which was proved by FCM and CLSM analysis. Real-time PCR showed that PEI/Bcl2 siRNA exhibited high gene silencing efficiency with 70% Bcl2 mRNA being knocked down.The combination of DOX and siRNA could enhance the cell proliferation inhibition and the cell apoptosis against B16F10 cells compared to free DOX or PEI/Bcl2 siRNA.Furthermore,the biodistribution of DOX and siRNA via pulmonary administration was studied in mice with B16F10 metastatic lung cancer.The results showed that most of the DOX and siRNA were accumulated in lungs and lasted at least for 3 days,which suggested that combined DOX and siRNA by pulmonary administration may have high anti-tumor effects for metastatic lung cancer treatment in vivo.     

Implication of leucyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (LARS1) over-expression in growth and migration of lung cancer cells detected by siRNA targeted knock-down analysis

Molecular mechanism of lung carcinogenesis and its aggressive nature is still largely elusive. To uncover the biomarkers related with tumorigenesis and behavior of lung cancer, we screened novel differentially expressed genes (DEG) in A549 lung cancer cell line by comparison with CCD-25Lu, normal pulmonary epithelial cell line, using annealing control primer(ACP)-based GeneFishing system. Of the DEGs, over-expression of leucyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (LARS1) was prominent and this up-regulation was confirmed by immunoblotting and real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis. In addition to A549 cell line, primary lung cancer tissues also expressed higher level of LARS1 mRNA than their normal counter tissues. To explore the oncogenic potential of LARS1 over-expression in lung cancer, we knocked-down LARS1 by treating siRNA and observed the tumor behavior. LARS1 knock-down cells showed reduced ability to migrate through transwell membrane and to form colonies in both soft agar and culture plate. Taken together, these findings suggest that LARS1 may play roles in migration and growth of lung cancer cells, which suggest its potential implication in lung tumorigenesis.     

双源CT双能量参数联合血清miR-126、miR-204检测对肺癌诊断价值及与临床病理特征关联性

回顾性选取肺癌患者86例为肺癌组,同期肺良性结节患者86例为对照组,患者均行双源CT双能量、血清miR-126、miR-204水平检测,发现静脉期标准化碘浓度(NIC)、动脉期NIC、miR-204、miR-126水平在肺癌组中呈异常表达,并与肺癌组病理类型、临床分期、淋巴结转移存在一定相关性,三者联合对肺癌具有一定诊...     

2009-2014年重庆市某中心医院儿童结核病的疫情报告及登记情况分析

目的：了解综合性医疗机构对儿童结核病的疫情报告和结核病患儿到结防机构的登记情况,为儿童结核病防治工作提供理论依据。方法以某区中心医院2009—2014年确诊的0~14岁结核病患儿病案信息、结核病信息网络直报系统和法定传染病报告监测系统中的信息建立数据库,按照不同性别、年龄和诊断进行分组,计算不同组结核病患儿的疫情报告率和在当地结防机构的登记比例。结果某区中心医院共确诊了78例结核病患儿,疫情报告66例,疫情报告率为84．42%,肺外结核病患儿的疫情报告率(61．11%)远低于肺结核患儿(91．84%)和结核性胸膜炎(90．91%);剔重4例,33例在结防机构登记,登记比例为53．23%,10~14岁组在结防机构的登记比例(72．22%)远高于0~4岁组(25．0%)和5~9岁结核病患儿组(28．57%), PTB(63．41%)和结核性胸膜炎(60．00%)的登记比例高于EPTB (9．09%),非结核性脑膜炎和血播型结核病的患儿登记比例(62．75%)高于结脑和血播型结核病的患儿(9．09%)。结论综合医院儿童结核病的疫情报告差,在结防机构登记的比例低。因此,加强医防合作,从而提高非结防机构对儿童结核病的疫情报告和在结防机构的登记比例。     

Ursolic Acid inhibits cigarette smoke extract-induced human bronchial epithelial cell injury and prevents development of lung cancer

Cigarette smoking is the main cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. The present study was aimed to explore the chemopreventive effect of ursolic acid (UA) on these diseases. In the CSE treated normal human bronchial epithelial cell model, UA alleviated cytotoxicity caused by CSE, recovered the intracellular redox balance, and relieved the stimulation of external deleterious factors as well. UA mitigated CSE-induced DNA damage through the Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) pathway. Moreover, UA inhibited lung cancer development in the model established by A549 cells in nude mice in vivo. For the first time, our results indicate that UA could be developed as a potential lung cancer chemopreventive agent.