精确的量子化条件和不变量

提出并证明了一维量子系统和三维球对称量子系统的一个精确的量子化条件.在此精确量子化条件中, 除了通常的Nπ项外, 还有一积分项, 称为修正项. 发现该修正项正是在超对称量子力学中所谓的有形状不变势的量子系统的一个不变量，它不依赖于波函数的节点数.对这些系统, 可用基态能级和波函数确定此不变量的值, 从而由精确的量子化条件容易算出全部束缚态的能级. 计算得到能级的正确性又反过来验证了在有形状不变势的量子系统中此修正项确实是不变量.计算的有形状不变势的量子系统, 包括一维的有限方势阱、Morse势及其变形、R 关键词： 量子化条件 超对称量子力学 形状不变势 不变量     

Rosochatius Deformed Soliton Hierarchy with Self-Consistent Sources

Integrable Rosochatius deformations of finite-dimensional integrable systems are generalized to the soliton hierarchy with self-consistent sources. The integrable Rosochatius deformations of the Kaup-Newell hierarchy with self-consistent sources, of the TD hierarchy with self-consistent sources, and of the Jaulent-Miodek hierarchy with self-consistent sources, together with their Lax representations are presented.     

多辊轧机冷轧技术在靶材料制备中的应用

 叙述了多辊轧机轧制金属薄膜原理,以Ti膜制备为例,借助多辊轧机冷轧技术进行1.5 μm厚钛薄带的制备工艺研究。对薄膜的特性测试结果表明：工作辊的表面粗糙度对于轧制薄膜的表面粗糙度的影响很大,降低工作辊表面的粗糙度可以得到粗糙度为25.2 nm的金属薄膜。     

KOPLS-DA在掺杂牛奶判别中的应用

运用核隐变量正交投影(kernel orthogonal projection to latent structure, KOPLS)方法,建立掺杂牛奶与纯牛奶的判别模型。分别配置含有三聚氰胺牛奶(0.01～3 g·L-1)和尿素牛奶(1～20 g·L-1)样品各40个,采集纯牛奶及掺杂牛奶样品的近红外光谱。选择4 200～4 800 cm-1为建模区间,采用KOPLS分别建立掺杂三聚氰胺、掺杂尿素、两种掺杂牛奶与纯牛奶的判别模型,并利用这些模型对未知样品进行判别。研究结果表明：与偏最小二乘判别(partial least squares discriminant analysis, PLS-DA)和隐变量正交投影判别(orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis, OPLS-DA)建模方法相比,KOPLS-DA具有更强的掺杂判别能力,对掺杂三聚氰胺、掺杂尿素牛奶和两种掺杂牛奶的判别正确率分别为95%,100%和97.5%。     

拉曼光谱方法研究疏水作用对四甲基脲氢键形成的影响

测得了四甲基脲(TMU)与水,甲醇和乙醇及N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)与水二元体系的拉曼光谱,分析二元溶液混合体系中羰基伸缩振动的频移随体积比变化的规律,从光谱的变化中可以得出羰基频移经历两个阶段： 首先,羰基伸缩振动随体系中氢键受体体积比的增加向低波数方向移动;其次,当二元混合体系中体积比超过一个临界值后,羰基伸缩振动振动频率不变,变化的仅仅是相对强度。通过分析临界体积比可以得出TMU与水相互作用中水是以较大缔合分子形式存在;而TMU与甲醇、乙醇,DMF与水相互作用中是以单分子或小的缔合分子形式存在的。     

基于SSPCM的新型储能型太阳能蒸馏器实验研究

本文基于定型相变材料(SSPCM)建立了新型储能型太阳能蒸馏器的实验系统,并分别对普通SSPCM和高导热SSPCM的蒸馏特性进行了实验研究.研究发现:与传统太阳能蒸馏器相比,基于普通SSPCM的储能型蒸馏器的日产量提升了 7.5％,采用高导热SSPCM的日产量提升了 39％.此外,本文还对蒸馏器结构进行了优化研究,研制...     

星载高分辨率超光谱成像仪分光方式的选择

从多个方面分析了棱镜和光栅色散分光的优缺点,分析结果表明棱镜更适于星载高分辨率超光谱成像仪的分光。在透过率方面,棱镜光谱仪透过率高达95.24％(VNIR),而光栅的衍射效率仅为60%~70%。在杂散光方面,棱镜光谱仪的杂散光可达10－4,而光栅的杂散光为10－2。在0.4 －2.5 范围,棱镜光谱仪相对光栅光谱仪有优越性。在色散线性方面,光栅光谱仪基本线性,棱镜光谱仪的短波非线性问题可通过复合棱镜进行补偿。可靠性方面,棱镜光谱仪较光栅光谱仪有优势;在光谱带宽和成本方面,棱镜光谱仪与光栅光谱仪基本接近。     

高光谱图像和叶绿素含量的水稻纹枯病早期检测识别

基于高光谱成像技术和化学计量方法,实现了对水稻纹枯病病害的早期检测识别。以幼苗时期的水稻植株为研究对象,对其进行纹枯病病菌侵染,获得染病植株,采集358～1 021 nm波段范围的高光谱图像,三次实验共240个样本,包括染病植株120个样本和健康植株120个样本。根据高光谱图像的光谱维,对染病水稻叶片和健康水稻叶片提取感兴趣区域（ROI）,利用感兴趣区域的光谱数据,对其进行Savitzky-Golay（SG）平滑、Savitzky-Golay（SG）一阶求导、Savitzky-Golay（SG）二阶求导、变量标准化（SNV）和多元散射校正（MSC）预处理,建立线性判别分析（LDA）和支持向量机（SVM）分类模型,结果表明：采用SG二阶求导预处理后的线性判别分析（LDA）模型取得了较好的性能,正确识别率在建模集达98.3%,在预测集达95%;利用载荷系数法（x-loading weights, x-LW）对原始光谱和5种预处理的光谱数据进行特征波长提取,然后根据选取的特征波长建立线性判别分析（LDA）和支持向量机（SVM）分类模型,其中采用SG二阶求导预处理后提取的12个特征波长的线性判别分析（LDA）模型取得了较好的性能,其正确识别率在建模集达97.8%,在预测集达95%,而且基于载荷系数法建立的模型性能与全波段相当,可以通过载荷系数法减少数据量对水稻纹枯病病害进行识别;根据高光谱图像的图像维,研究了基于图像主成分分析、基于概率滤波和基于二阶概率滤波的图像特征提取方法,利用提取的特征变量建立反向传播神经网络(BPNN)和支持向量机（SVM）分类模型,其中基于图像主成分分析的反向传播神经网络（BPNN）模型取得了较好的性能,建模集准确识别率达90.6%,预测集的准确识别率达83.3%;根据高光谱图像光谱维和图像维的最优模型,特将叶绿素含量作为建模的另一个特征,分别与光谱特征、图像特征组合,建立反向传播神经网络（BPNN）和线性判别分析（LDA）模型,提出基于光谱特征加叶绿素含量、图像特征加叶绿素含量和光谱、图像特征加叶绿素含量三种组合方式,其中,光谱特征和图像特征分别与叶绿素组合的方式比之前单独的光谱和图像特征建模性能都有所提升,而且三种组合方式中光谱特征加叶绿素含量的反向传播神经网络（BPNN）建模方式取得本研究所有建模方式中较优的性能,其准确识别率在建模集达100%,在预测集达96.7%。以上研究表明,基于高光谱图像和叶绿素含量对水稻纹枯病病害进行早期识别是可行的,为水稻病害的早期识别提供了一种新方法。     

带电粒子与超晶格相互作用及其超高能粒子识别

讨论了非沟道粒子与晶体的相互作用及其渡越辐射, 并将渡越辐射同沟道辐射进行了比较, 结果表明, 渡越辐射对沟道辐射的贡献主要是在长波区域使沟道辐射的本底增强; 由于超晶格是由两种不同介电性能的材料交替生长而成的多层薄膜结构, 它的渡越辐射比较强. 正是这个特点, 可望利用超晶格的渡越辐射来识别超高能粒子.     

Use of molecular beams for kinetic measurements of chemical reactions on solid surfaces

In this review we survey the contributions that molecular beam experiments have provided to our understanding of the dynamics and kinetics of chemical interactions of gas molecules with solid surfaces. First, we describe the experimental details of the different instrumental setups and approaches available for the study of these systems under the ultrahigh vacuum conditions and with the model planar surfaces often used in modern surface-science experiments. Next, a discussion is provided of the most important fundamental aspects of the dynamics of chemical adsorption that have been elucidated with the help of molecular beam experiments, which include the development of potential energy surfaces, the determination of the different channels for energy exchange between the incoming molecules and the surface, the identification of adsorption precursor states, the understanding of dissociative chemisorption, the determination of the contributions of corrugation, steps, and other structural details of the surface to the adsorption process, the effect to molecular steering, the identification of avenues for assisting adsorption, and the molecular details associated with the kinetics of the uptake of adsorbates as a function of coverage. We follow with a summary of the work directed at the determination of kinetic parameters and mechanistic details of surface reactions associated with catalysis, mostly those promoted by late transition metals. This discussion we initiate with an overview of what has been learned about simple bimolecular reactions such as the oxidation of CO and H₂ with O₂ and the reaction of CO with NO, and continue with the review of the studies of more complex systems such as the oxidation of alcohols, the conversion of organic acids, the hydrogenation and isomerization of olefins, and the oxidative activation of alkanes under conditions of short contact times. 6 Reactions on supported nanoparticles: Materials gap, 7 Low-probability reactions: Pressure gap of this review deal with the advances made in the use of molecular beams with more realistic models for catalysis, using surfaces comprised of metal nanoparticles dispersed on the oxide surfaces used as catalyst support and high-flux beams to approach the pressures used in catalysis. The next section deals with the study of systems associated with fields other than catalysis, mainly with the etching and oxidation of semiconductor surfaces and with the chemistry used to grow thin solid films by chemical means (chemical vapor deposition, CVD, or atomic layer deposition, ALD). We end with a personal assessment of the past accomplishments, present state, and future promise of the use of molecular beams for the study of the kinetics of surface reactions relevant to practical applications.     

雾滴粒子群的偏振特性研究

根据Mie散射理论,基于一次实测资料拟合得出雾滴谱分布,计算了雾滴粒子群的散射相函数矩阵,揭示了不同波长的雾滴粒子群对入射激光的散射偏振特征。结果表明：激光散射强度随散射角的增加呈现先减小后增大的趋势,且波长越小散射光强分布越集中;波长越大,偏振度随散射角分布越平滑,反之分布震动则越剧烈;各波段偏振度随散射角增大的分布趋势大致相同,关键散射角随波长的减小向增大的方向偏移。     

A Model for Periodic Nonlinear Electric Field Structures in Space Plasmas

In this study, we present a physical model to explain the generation mechanism of nonlinear periodic waves with a large amplitude electric field structures propagating obliquely and exactly parallel to the magnetic field. The ``Sagdeev potential' fromthe MHD equations is derived and the nonlinear electric field waveforms are obtained when the Mach number, direction of propagation, and the initial electric field satisfy certain plasma conditions. For the parallel propagation, the amplitude of theelectric field waves with ion-acoustic mode increases with the increase of initial electric field and Mach number but its frequency decreases with the increase of Mach number. The amplitude and frequency of the electric field waves with ion-cyclotron mode decrease with the increase of Mach number and become less spiky, andits amplitude increases with the increase of initial electric field. For the oblique propagation, only periodic electric field wave with an ion-cyclotron mode obtained, its amplitude and frequency increase with the increase of Mach number and become spiky. From our model the electric field structures show periodic, spiky, and saw-tooth behaviours corresponding to different plasma conditions.     

Surface-coated fly ash reinforced biodegradable poly(vinyl alcohol) composite films: part 2-analysis and characterization

Composite films of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) reinforced with 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 wt.% surface-coated fly ash by surfactant, sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS-FA) along with 1 wt.% cross-linking agent, glutaraldehyde (GLA) were prepared by aqueous casting method. The tensile strengths of the composite films were increased proportionally with the addition of SLS-FA. The maximum 75% higher strength of the composite with 20 wt.% was achieved compared to that of neat PVA. The modulus of the composites was also increased proportionally with SLS-FA and the maximum 218% reached in composite with 20 wt.%, but the strain at break was decreased with addition of SLS-FA. Changes in FTIR spectra reflect the chemical and/or physical bonding in the ternary PVA, SLS-FA and GLA component systems. In the study of surface morphology, the connectivity was visualized in SEM images along with interstitial voids. The films with SLS-FA show 53% smoother surface calculated with AFM compared to unmodified FA composite films.     

带有增益的单微环谐振器的光速控制行为

带有损耗的光波导微环谐振器在实现光速控制时存在输出脉冲能量损耗大、脉冲形状畸变严重等问题。基于带有增益和带有损耗的微环谐振器的传输特性之间的对称性,计算分析了单微环谐振器的透射率、群折射率和群速度色散等特性,分析了增益和损耗对微环谐振器输出特性影响的机制。计算了带有增益的微环谐振器的光速控制行为,并与带有损耗的微环谐振器进行对比。结果显示,带有增益的微环谐振器输出脉冲不分裂且有较大的输出强度。脉冲延迟量和超前量比损耗系统大,可用于光速控制,克服了微环带有损耗时产生的光强损耗和脉冲畸变。     

Chemical mechanical planarization of Ge_2Sb_2Te_5 using IC1010 and Politex reg pads in acidic slurry

In the paper, chemical mechanical planarization(CMP) of Ge2Sb2Te5(GST) is investigated using IC1010 and Politex reg pads in acidic slurry. For the CMP with blank wafer, it is found that the removal rate(RR) of GST increases with the increase of pressure for both pads, but the RR of GST polished using IC1010 is far more than that of Politex reg. To check the surface defects, GST film is observed with an optical microscope(OM) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). For the CMP with Politex reg, many spots are observed on the surface of the blank wafer with OM, but no obvious spots are observed with SEM. With regard to the patterned wafer, a few stains are observed on the GST cell, but many residues are found on other area with OM. However, from SEM results, a few residues are observed on the GST cell, more dielectric loss is revealed about the trench structure. For the CMP with IC1010, the surface of the polished blank wafer suffers serious scratches found with both OM and SEM, which may result from a low hardness of GST, compared with those of IC1010 and abrasives. With regard to the patterned wafer, it can achieve a clean surface and almost no scratches are observed with OM, which may result from the high-hardness SiO2 film on the surface, not from the soft GST film across the whole wafer. From the SEM results, a clean interface and no residues are observed on the GST surface, and less dielectric loss is revealed. Compared with Politex reg, the patterned wafer can achieve a good performance after CMP using IC1010.     

Paradoxical vocal fold motion: Presentation and treatment options

Paradoxical vocal fold motion is a rare disorder in which adduction of the folds occurs on inspiration. The disorder presents with signs of airway obstruction and often airway distress, so proper diagnosis by the otorhinolaryngologist is critical to subsequent management. We present a retrospective review of 10 patients with the diagnosis of paradoxical vocal fold motion seen over a 6-year period. Eight patients were females, and 6 required an acute airway intervention at presentation; 3 patients eventually underwent tracheotomy for respiratory decompensation. Six patients had a prior diagnosis of asthma, and this was determined to contribute to their respiratory status. Five patients were treated with botulinum toxin and 2 with flexible nasolaryngoscopic biofeedback, which improved the outcome. A review of the literature confirms a female predominance of patients presenting with paradoxical adduction and airway distress, often with a history of asthma and psychopathology. Our experience with botulinum toxin and biofeedback suggests that these procedures are viable treatment options in the management of patients with this disorder.     

Off-axial contribution of beam self-focusing in plasma with density ripple

Off-axial contribution of beam self-focusing in plasma with density ripple is investigated. Apply paraxial ray theory and Wentzel–Krammers–Brillouin approximation, the results shown that, in interaction of laser and plasma with density ripple, beam self-focusing presents some interesting diverse features when off-axial contribution is obvious. In the paper, we find, on the one hand, density ripple can minimize the defocusing and beam still retains a localized profile with an oscillatory self-focusing and defocusing, on the other hand, with the increase of off-axial contribution, laser beams presents four various self-focusing features, which laser beam intensity profile splits into three-splitted with central axial convex profile, three-splitted with equal amplitude profile, three-splitted with central axial concave profile and two-splitted intensity profile.     

The variation of defect damage with depth in molybdenum irradiated with 2MeV nitrogen ions

Transmission electron microscopy has been used to examine the damage produced in specimens of high purity molybdenum following irradiation with 2 MeV nitrogen ions in the Van de Graaff accelerator. A simple electropolishing technique was developed to allow the defect damage to be examined at different depths on a single specimen. Some results are presented here for specimens irradiated in the range 600–800°C, together with theoretical predictions of the nitrogen range and the variation of displacement damage with range, The experimental results show that the defect damage to the lattice results in a structure of dislocation loops, interstitial in nature, whose size drops with distance from the bombarded surface and whose concentration increases. Nevertheless the retained defect damage, measured by integrated loop area, agrees reasonably with the theoretical variation of displacement damage with range while the increase in loop concentration with depth coincides with the variation in ratio of nitrogen concentration to displacement damage. This latter result agrees with the hypothesis that the nucleation of damage is controlled to a large extent by the ratio of impurity atoms to displaced atoms.     

Studies on modified power law inflation

In this study, we evaluate power law inflation (PLI) with a monomial potential and obtain a novel exact solution. It is well known that the conventional PLI with an exponential potential is inconsistent with the Planck data. Unlike the standard PLI, the present model does not encounter the graceful exit problem, and the results agree fairly well with recent observations. In our analysis, we calculate the spectral index and the tensor-to-scalar ratio, both of which agree very well with recent observational data and are comparable with those of other modified inflationary models. The employed technique reveals that the large cosmological constant decreases with the expansion of the universe in the case of the PLI. The coupling of the inflaton with gravitation is the primary factor in this technique. The basic assumption here is that the two metric tensors in the gravitational and inflaton parts correspond to different conformal frames, which contradicts with the conventional PLI, where the inflaton is directly coupled with the background metric tensor. This fact has direct applications to different dark energy models and the assisted quintessence theory.     

SDBS对氧化铜纳米颗粒悬浮液粘度的影响

由氧化铜纳米颗粒、分散剂和水组成的悬浮液粘度是研究其流动与换热的重要基础数据。本文通过实验得出分散剂是影响纳米悬浮液粘度的决定性因素这一结论。研究表明,本文采用的纯分散剂溶液即十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)水溶液的粘度对温度变化很敏感,氧化铜纳米颗粒质量分数的增加对粘度的影响并不明显,而分散剂浓度对粘度的影响远远超过纳米颗粒质量分数对粘度的影响。