反射率测量中的热辐射影响及其消除方法

 反射率测量过程中,被激光加热的材料发出热辐射光,对探测器测量存在明显干扰,给测量结果带来了较大误差,该现象普遍存在于以往的测试工作中。通过深入分析热辐射特性,在反射率测量装置中加入透过波长不同于加载激光波长的探测器,探测热辐射在该透过波长下的光强信号,并利用比对法消除了反射率测量过程中的热辐射干扰,使高温段的反射率测量精度得到较大提高。     

快速测定激光波长的算法研究

为了满足激光侦察的快速反应需要,应尽可能地缩短从激光入射到波长显示的时间间隔．在保证频谱分辨率不变的情况下,通过减少参与FFT运算的点数来缩短运算时间,提高激光波长测量装置的反应速度．分析了这种改进算法的原理,并给出了实验结果．实验结果表明:在本系统中此方法切实可行．     

利用光栅测半导体激光波长

依据光栅衍射原理,采用玻璃圆柱把半导体激光扩束成片光源,通过分光计测量激光光谱谱线的衍射角,测定半导体激光波长.这种方法操作简单实用,具有较高的测量精度.     

用于多波长高功率激光能量测量的体吸收能量计

叙述体吸收激光能量计的原理及物理模型，给出其性能参数及测试方法，分析它在神光Ⅱ装置中对三种波长激光能量测量的取样方式及测量精度。     

基于滑动平均的速率偏频激光陀螺静态角速率测量算法

提高速率偏频激光陀螺静态角速率测量精度在其应用领域具有重要的作用.通过对速率偏频激光陀螺随机漂移数据进行分析处理,发现量化噪声对陀螺精度有较大的影响,进而提出了一种基于滑动平均的速率偏频激光陀螺静态角速率测量算法,并进行了理论分析及数值模拟.结果表明,通过合理的选择分组参数,该算法可以有效地降低量化噪声对速率偏频激光陀螺静态角速率测量精度的影响.实验结果也验证了该算法的有效性,可以应用于其它类似需要降低量化噪声的场合.     

提高激光传感器用于现场校准装置精度的研究

阐述了激光传感器在位移传感器现场校准装置中的应用,对激光传感器的测量原理及校准方法进行了分析。结合现场校准的特殊性,分析现场校准过程中的误差来源,提高现场校准的精度。应用2m比长仪对激光传感器进行溯源,研究激光传感器在大长度测量应用中提高精度的方法,采用曲线拟合的方法对测量结果进行补偿。最后应用空气弹簧隔振平台的高度监控系统对溯源后的激光传感器进行验证。实验结果表明,应用激光传感器的位移传感器现场校准装置,其精度可以达到0.1%。     

卡尔曼滤波在激光跟踪测量系统中的应用

激光跟踪测量系统对于测量运动目标空间位置是行之有效的,但在测量过程中,各种干扰噪声的影响会降低测量精度。采用卡尔曼滤波来减小噪声的影响以提高测量精度。介绍了激光跟踪测量系统,建立了状态方程和测量方程,给出了卡尔曼滤波算法,仿真结果表明,运用卡尔曼滤波大大提高了测量系统的精度。     

顶管机自动导向水平角测量系统研究

设计了一套基于激光准直技术的顶管机自动导向水平角测量系统。系统具有两套光靶激光测量装置。利用具有漫反射特性的标靶接收准直激光,标靶图像经CCD相机采集后处理得到标靶上的光点位置,根据光点位置的变化可计算得出顶管机机头偏转的角度信息。研究了图像处理算法和角度计算算法,并搭建了实验测试系统。实验结果表明,在100m的测量距离内,系统水平角测量范围可达到±1°,测量精度为0.01°,可以满足顶管机地下施工水平方位角的测量要求。     

光学在大型几何尺寸测量中的应用

介绍了几种光学原理在大型几何尺寸测量中的应用．讨论的内容包括：多波长、双波长合成波长绝对距离干涉测量；激光频率分裂干涉测量；线性调频绝对距离干涉测量；相位板激光准直；旋光激光准直；半导体激光动态定位等．文章介绍了测量系统的工作原理，并讨论了测量精度和应用前景     

宽波长范围的多色脉冲光学自相关测量

基于Si光电二极管和GaAsP光电二极管的双光子吸收特性,设计了800～2 000 nm宽带波长测量范围的简易自相关仪实验装置.利用该装置测量了克尔透镜锁模钛宝石激光、掺镱光纤锁模激光和掺铒光纤放大脉冲激光的脉宽;通过引入额外群延迟色散和增加自相位调制效应调控脉冲的净啁啾,研究了自相关曲线变化特性.结果表明：该自相关仪实验装置能够有效测量由净啁啾改变导致的自相关曲线变化特性,能够满足不同波长脉冲激光实验教学应用场合的需求.     

痕量气体激光检测系统波长锁定技术研究

利用可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术(TDLAS)对痕量气体进行检测时,环境温度变化以及激光器控制电路的噪声常常使得激光器输出波长发生漂移,影响了气体浓度测量的准确性。以开放光路的激光吸收光谱氨气检测系统为例,在分析激光器扫描中心波长随电流变化规律的基础上,提出了基于电流控制的自适应锁定扫描中心波长的方法。研究了基于参考校准光谱的光谱数据对准算法,实现了开放大气中氨气浓度的实时监测。结果表明,波长锁定大大提高了痕量气体浓度反演的准确性和稳定性。氨气浓度具有日变化周期:上下班时段浓度上升,中午达到最大值,夜间浓度降低,系统检测限为3.8mg.m-3.m。     

Laser cleaning of 19th century Congo rattan mats

There is a growing interest by art conservators for laser cleaning of organic materials, such as wooden artworks, paper and textiles, since traditional cleaning with solvents can be a source of further decay and mechanical cleaning may be too abrasive for sensitive fibers. In this work we present a successful laser cleaning approach for 19th century rattan mats from the Brooklyn Museum collection of African Art, now part of the study collection at the Conservation Center in New York. Tests were carried out using the fundamental (1064 nm) and second harmonic (532 nm) wavelength of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser to measure threshold values both for surface damage and color changes for different types of rattan samples. The irradiated substrates were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and by UV-vis spectroscopy in order to determine the efficiency of laser cleaning and to assess possible deterioration effects that may have occurred as a result of laser irradiation. The study showed that by using the laser emission at 532 nm, a wavelength for which photon energy is below the bond dissociation level of the main cellulosic compounds and the water absorption is negligible, it is possible to select a range of laser fluences to remove the black dust layer without damaging the rattan material.     

调谐激光吸收光谱波长偏移修正算法研究

可调谐半导体激光器具有线宽窄、波长扫描快、室温工作等特点,基于可调谐半导体激光器构成的激光吸收光谱气体测量系统在大气环境检测、工业生产过程在线检测中得到了广泛的应用。在实际测量系统中,由于可调谐半导体激光器中心波长受温度等因素的影响发生偏移,如不进行中心波长校正,将造成序列光谱数据重叠,处理后的光谱线型发生展宽,进而影响后续的光谱线型拟合,对气体浓度的反演精度产生影响。一般采用参考光谱吸收谱线寻峰方法进行序列光谱数据偏移的对齐,但光谱数据中的随机噪声、背景噪声、漂移噪声等因素影响峰线波长的精度。为了降低上述因素的影响,提出一种改进的时域相关光谱修正算法,首先对光谱信号进行自相关,在一定程度上提高光谱信号的信噪比,然后再进行时域互相关处理,能够准确的计算出激光器波长偏移量,减少由此造成的光谱线型展宽的影响,提高了浓度反演精度和测量稳定性。在激光吸收光谱气体浓度检测实验系统中进行了实验验证,评估结果中,原始数据标准差为1.482 8,谱线寻峰方法与时域相关方法修正后数据标准差分别为0.433 9和0.293 6,改进的时域相关修正方法修正后数据标准差为0.132 5,改进的时域相关修正方法相关系数均优于0.992,欧式距离的标准差为1.726 4。系统稳定性评估中改进方法波长漂移修正后标准偏差为0.144 3。     

Application of laser ultrasonic technique for non-contact detection of drilling-induced delamination in aeronautical composite components

The detection of drilling-induced delamination in composite components is a vital and challenging task in aviation industry. Numerous key components of aircrafts are made of composite materials, and drilling is often a final operation during assembly. Drilling-induced delamination is a very serious defect that significantly reduces the structural reliability, but it is rather difficult to be detected effectively due to its special location. A novel application of laser ultrasonic technique for the detection of drilling-induced delamination in composites is presented in this paper. A carbon fiber reinforced plastic laminate with drilling holes was made as specimen. A laser ultrasonic system was constructed and experiments were performed to detect the drilling-induced delamination, based on propagation characteristic of ultrasonic waves generated by pulse laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm and pulse duration of 10 ns. A laser interferometer based on two wave mixing is used to measure ultrasonic wave signals, and the morphology features of the delamination are imaged clearly by laser ultrasonic C-scan testing. The results proved that the laser ultrasonic technique is a feasible and effective method for the detection of drilling-induced delamination in composite components.     

Wavelength selection for the far-infrared p-Ge laser using etched silicon lamellar gratings

A lamellar mirror made from Si wafer by anisotropic chemical etching and coated with gold has been demonstrated as an intracavity wavelength selector for the far-infrared p-Ge laser. The etching process produces rectangular grooves with precisely predetermined depth and 100 nm surface smoothness. This lamellar-grating structure defines the resonant laser wavelength within the broad tuning range of the p-Ge laser. Single wavelength laser operation with this mirror has been demonstrated on the third-order resonance with an active cavity finesse of at least 0.09.     

用于等离子体诊断的ps激光探针

 ps激光探针作为激光等离子体诊断的探针光源，它是通过两次倍频和两次受激喇曼散射，将波长为1 054nm、脉宽约为1ns激光转换成波长为308nm、脉宽小于30ps的紫外光。研究结果表明：探针光系统输出能量大于1mJ，脉宽小于30ps，均匀性较好，运行成功率大于90%，满足了激光等离子体诊断的要求。     

半导体激光器热弛豫时间测试技术研究

利用脉冲工作状态下半导体激光器激射光谱随结温升高发生红移的原理,用Boxcar扫描在一定波长下的半导体激光器光功率随脉冲时间的变化信号,测得其时间分辨光谱;根据对应的峰值光功率出现时刻随波长变化的曲线,计算得到热弛豫时间参量值.利用此方法对一种半导体激光器进行了测试,得到其热弛豫时间为1.2 ms.     

激光波长对双色激光等离子体产生太赫兹波的影响

基于瞬态光电流模型研究了激光波长对双色激光等离子体产生太赫兹波的影响.通过理论计算证明:太赫兹信号随激光波长的增大而增强,其变化趋势不会因为双色激光强度、脉宽、相位差、强度比的变化而改变;太赫兹波的频谱不会因为激光波长的改变发生变化.分析了双色激光波长影响太赫兹辐射强度的原因,并利用自由电子密度和漂移电流密度阐明了该影响的内在物理机制.     

Calibration Procedure of Laser Confocal Micro-Raman SpectrometerSCIEI北大核心CSCD

As a common spectral characterization technique, Raman spectroscopy is widely used and has a specified calibration procedure. Based on laser confocal micro-Raman spectrometer, in this paper, we briefly introduced the principle, configuration and main components of Raman spectrometer. In addition, the calibration procedures were also presented, with an emphasis on the calibration of spectrometer (spectrograph) and that of excitation laser wavelength. On the basis of conventional calibration method, a novel and more accurate method was proposed to obtain the actual excitation wavelength, that is, calibration at the point of Raman shift Delta nu=0. Using this novel calibration method of excitation wavelength, Raman frequency shift values of sulfur were measured, and compared with the standard values from American Society Testing and Materials (ASTM). As a result, the measured values after calibration were consistent with those ASTM values, which indicated that the calibration method is accurate. Thus, a more reasonable calibration procedure of the laser confocal micro-Raman spectrometer was provided.