SDS/正戊醇-环己烷-水拟三元体系相图及温度对相图的影响

绘制了35, 45, 55, 65 ℃下, 十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)/正戊醇-环己烷-水体系的拟三元相图. 分析了温度对相图和微乳液区域的影响. 结果表明, 温度对油包水(W/O)反相微乳液区域大小有影响, 但影响较小, 温度对水包油(O/W)微乳液区域的影响较大, 且随温度的增加, 区域增大. 电导率曲线与相图吻合很好, 并用电解质溶液理论进行了解释.     

CTAB/正丁醇-正辛烷-水和盐水的拟三元体系相图及微乳液微观结构的电导研究

绘制了CTAB/正丁醇-正辛烷-水和Al(NO₃)3(或Na2WO4)盐水拟三元体系的35℃相图.用电导法并结合电解质理论讨论了微乳液的微观结构,将整个微乳液单相区分为W/O微乳区、O/W微乳区和B.C.双连续区,并且用渗滤理论确定了一个分散相质点为W/O球状结构的反胶团微乳液区.     

碱和盐对十二烷基硫酸钠/正戊醇-环己烷-水拟三元体系相图影响

拟三元相图的研究可为获得制备纳米材料的微乳液提供理论依据。本文首先通过实验绘制了45℃下十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)/正戊醇-环己烷-水溶液体系的拟三元相图,并用电导法进行了验证,说明电导的测定结果与相图吻合的很好。其次,绘制了45℃及65℃下,SDS/正戊醇-环己烷-水、SDS/正戊醇-环己烷-硝酸锌水溶液和SDS/正戊醇-环己烷-氢氧化钠水溶液体系的拟三元相图并对6个相图进行了比较,研究了碱(NaOH)和盐(Zn(NO_3)_2)对SDS/正戊醇-环己烷-水拟三元体系相图影响。结果表明,硝酸锌及碱的加入使SDS/正戊醇-环己烷-水拟三元相图水包油(O/W)和油包水(W/O)区域明显的缩小。45℃时,SDS/正戊醇-环己烷-氢氧化钠水溶液体系的拟三元相图中的O/W区域甚至消失;65℃时,O/W和W/O区域均存在,且3个相图的W/O和O/W区域有重叠区。在此基础上,确定了制备纳米Zn O的微乳液的条件,即SDS/正戊醇-环己烷-硝酸锌水溶液和SDS/正戊醇-环己烷-氢氧化钠水溶液体系的拟三元相图中W/O区域的重叠区(各相图中的Ⅱ区)。制备的纳米氧化锌为多晶结构,平均粒径为80 nm。     

CTAB反相微乳体系的相行为研究

实验绘制了系列十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)+正丁醇+正己烷+水(或CaCl2水溶液)拟三元体系相图。分别研究了正丁醇的添加比例和CaCl2水溶液的浓度对微乳区域的影响,发现随着正丁醇的相对比例逐渐增大,拟三元体系中微乳区的面积逐渐减小,表明过多增加正丁醇的量不利于微乳相的形成;发现总体上随着CaCl2水溶液摩尔浓度的增加,拟三元体系中微乳区的面积逐渐减小,表明强电解质的加入对微乳相影响较大,较高浓度的CaCl2会使部分CTAB失去表面活性而难以形成微乳液,导致微乳相区域逐渐减小。实验测定了电导率随水(或CaCl2水溶液)含量变化的规律,依据电解质理论探讨了微乳液的微观结构,并通过选择一定R0值的CaCl2微乳液与等摩尔的碳酸钠水溶液反应制备了球形纳米碳酸钙粒子。     

辛烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚反相微乳体系的相行为及纳米复合碳酸盐的制备

绘制了一系列辛烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP-10)+正辛醇+环己烷+水(或CaCl₂水溶液)拟三元体系相图,分别研究了助表面活性剂正辛醇的添加比例和CaCl₂水溶液的浓度对微乳区域的影响,发现在OP-10+正辛醇+环己烷+水拟三元体系相图中,随着正辛醇/OP-10的质量比逐渐增大,微乳区的面积逐渐增大,当正辛醇/OP-10质量比为1:2.5时微乳区的面积最大,之后微乳区面积随着其质量比的增大而减小,表明适量地加入助表面活性剂正辛醇有利于微乳区的形成;但过多地增加正辛醇的量反而不利于微乳相的形成。 确定正辛醇/OP-10的质量比为1:2.5,改变CaCl₂的浓度,发现OP-10+正辛醇+环己烷+CaCl₂水溶液拟三元体系相图中,CaCl₂浓度为0.1 mol/L时微乳区面积最大。分别配制总浓度为0.1 mol/L的5种不同摩尔比的Ca²⁺/Ba²⁺微乳液,并与等摩尔的碳酸钠水溶液反应制备共沉淀碳酸盐,使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所制备样品进行表征分析,发现当微乳液为钙离子盐时,主要形成大的立方形颗粒;掺入钡离子,Ca²⁺和Ba²⁺摩尔比为3:1、1:1和1:3时,形成的沉淀分别为四棱锥形、球形和玉米棒形;当微乳液为钡离子盐时,沉淀主要为不规则多面体。     

微乳液体系相图的研究及其在纳米氟化物制备中的应用

绘制了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)/正丁醇(n-C₄H₉OH)/正辛烷(n-C₈H₁₈)/水[或NH₄F溶液、或Ba(NO₃)₂溶液、或KNO₃-Mg(NO₃)₂混合溶液]四组分微乳体系的拟三元相图.观察了电导率随水(或盐溶液)含量变化的规律,很好地印证了微乳液体系的相行为.选取相图中微乳区点作为最佳条件,制备了KMgF₃纳米粒子.     

CaSO4纳米棒(线)的微乳法制备与表征

CaSO₄ Nanorods/wires were synthesized in quaternary W/O microemulsion solution containing triton X-100, cyclohexane and n-pentanol. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was utilized to characterize the shape and size of products as-prepared, as well as electron diffraction (ED) pattern was obtained for designated nanorods (wires). It is revealed that ω₀ (molar ratio of water to surfactant),reactants concentration and aging time play an important role in the formation of different morphologies and size of synthesized CaSO₄ nanocrystal.     

小角X衍射和ESR方法研究十二烷基磺酸钠/正戊醇/水三元体系的相结构

测定了十二烷基磺酸钠/正戊醇/水体系的相图, 小角X衍射方法测定相图中液晶区的结构。结果表明: 在一定温度下, 整个液晶区均为层状液晶; 液晶层间距随水含量的增大而增大, 随正戊醇含量的增大而减小; 液相内水的渗透率正比于水含量, 反比于正戊醇含量。ESR研究表明: 自旋标记探针分子5NS在整个液晶相中的结构参数为0.32±0.02; 油包水和水包油胶束区内探针分子运动的各向异性程度分别随着水和油含量的增多而增加。     

纳米片LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2正极材料的制备与研究

采用氢氧化物共沉淀-高温煅烧方法成功制备出具有较低阳离子混排的纳米片LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2(LNCM)正极材料。这种纳米片有利于锂离子的扩散。所以纳米片LNCM正极材料表现出了比商业化LNCM材料更加优异的倍率性能:在3.0~4.6 V下,10 C首次放电容量可达85.5 mAh·g-1,能量密度可达310.2 Wh·kg-1。     

Pt纳米花/ZnO复合阵列的制备及对甲醇氧化催化的研究

利用调控ZnO纳米棒阵列的疏水、亲水性,由电化学方法制备了Pt纳米花/ZnO(PtNF/ZnO)复合阵列.该复合阵列排列规则、尺寸均一、方向一致.每一根ZnO纳米棒的顶端都覆盖着由Pt纳米颗粒构成的Pt纳米花,具有大的比表面积.与以亲水性的ZnO纳米棒制得的覆盖Pt纳米颗粒的ZnO复合阵列(PtNP/ZnO)以及单独的Pt颗粒相比,PtNF/ZnO复合阵列对甲醇氧化具有更高的电化学催化活性.     

Evaluation and Optimization of Water-in-Oil Microemulsion Using Ternary Phase Diagram and Central Composite Design

In the present study, water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsions were prepared, evaluated, and optimized using pseudoternary phase diagram and central composite design (CCD). Ternary phase diagrams were designed to determine the microemulsion region whereas face-centered CCD helped in the determination of the effect of variables like oil type and surfactant ratio on globule size and viscosity of w/o microemulsion. The design exhibited that the factors have statistically significant effects (p < 0.0001) on the selected responses. The actual responses showed excellent agreement with the predicted values as suggested by the CCD with lower residual standard error. Similarly, the optimized values were found within the range as predicted by the model. Furthermore, other characteristics of microemulsions like pH, conductivity, refractive index, and transmittance were also analyzed. Overall, the primary objective of the research was to fabricate water-in-oil microemulsions which could facilitate effective delivery of hydrophilic molecules and drugs.     

Tween80/BmimPF6/醇/甲苯体系的相行为

以环境友好型的Tween80为表面活性剂, 以醇(乙醇、正丁醇、正己醇、正辛醇、正癸醇和异戊醇)为助表面活性剂, 对离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐(bmimPF6)和甲苯进行了微乳化实验, 绘制了不同条件下Tween80离子液体的微乳体系的拟三元相图, 考察了醇的种类、含量对单相微乳区的影响, 并用电导法研究了在乙醇为助表面活性剂情况下, 单相微乳区的结构转变. 结果表明, 当醇(异戊醇)固定时, 随着表面活性剂/醇的质量比增加, 单相微乳区的面积逐渐增大; 不同链长的直链醇对单相微乳区的面积影响与该醇在离子液体中的溶解情况有关, 单相微乳区的面积随着直链醇链长的增加而越小; 当乙醇作助表面活性剂时, 所得到的单相微乳区的面积最大, 且单相微乳区存在着O/IL(oil-in-ionic liquid)、双连续相和IL/O(ionic liquid-in-oil)三种微结构. 尤其对离子液体微乳体系的电导随油的含量的增加而最初增大的现象进行了解释, 这一现象是由于油主要起到减少离子液体中离子对或离子的积聚, 提高带电离子淌度的作用.     

N,N-二甲基正十二烷基胺/无机含氧酸体系的相态结构研究

利用拟三元相图法研究了N,N-二甲基正十二烷基胺(DMDA)多元体系的相态结构,并用电导、偏光显微镜以及红外、紫外可见光谱等手段进行了表征.发现N,N-二甲基正十二烷基胺体系随水相含量的增加,铵盐发生不同形式的有序缔合,分别形成了W/O型微乳液、“节-结”型链状缔合体、层状液晶和O/W型微乳液;在层状液晶中,SO₄^2-主要以桥式双齿配位形式存在,中性胺分子有利于体系中液晶的形成;层状液晶于500nm波长处有一吸收峰,在430nm附近发生“光短路”现象,该现象可能对测定层状液晶的层间距有重要意义.     

Studies on Phase Behavior of Alkyl Polyglucoside Based on Microemulsions with Modified Fishlike Phase Diagram

The three-phase behavior in the quaternary system of an alkyl (C8/10^- or C12/14^-)polyglucoside / 1-butanol / n-octane / water has been studied at 40℃ with the modified fishlike phase diagram, which is presented by us for the first time. The mass fraction of 1-butanol in the hydrophile-lipophile balanced interfacial layer, A^S, the coordinates of the start point B and the end point E of the phase diagram, and the solubilities of alkyl polyglucoside and 1-butanol in n-octane phase were calculated. The solubilization of the microemulsion was also discussed.     

Triton X-100/C10H21OH/H2O体系微乳液与溶致液晶

关于离子型表面活性剂生成的微乳液与溶致液晶已有不少研究，非离子型表面活性剂生成的微乳液与港致液晶的应用正在引起人们的重视，但由于药物提纯的困难，对其物理化学性质的研究还不多见．本文以非离子表面活性剂TritonX－100／C10H21OH／H2O体系为例，研究了非离子型表面活性剂微乳液和溶致液晶的生成及其结构特性．1实验部分试剂ThitonX－100（Aldrich公司，分析纯）正癸醇（分析纯）、水为一次蒸馏水微乳液区域和层状液晶区域的确定方法及小角x射线衍射测定方法同文献，实验温度20±0．1℃．2结果与讨论2·IThtonX－100、CIOH…     

Studies on the Pseudo Ternary Phase Diagrams of Micro-emulsion Systems and Micro-emulsion Polymerization of H-PDMS/MMA/ n-BA

The pseudo phase diagrams of the systems of (OP-10/SDS)/butanediol-hydrogen-contained polymethylsiloxane (H-PDMS)/methyl methacrylate (MMA)/n-butyl acrylate (n-BA)–water, with different amounts of H-PDMS, were drawn. PDMS/P (MMA-BA) nano-composite latex particles were prepared by micro-emulsion polymerization, and the initiator was dripped into the micro-emulsion. The experiment results showed that when the amount of H-PDMS was in the range of 2.5～3.5%, the area of O/W of micro-emulsion in pseudo phase diagram was relatively large, while when the amount of H-PDMS was less than or greater than 2.5～3.5 %, the area of O/W of micro-emulsion was relatively small. In the micro-emulsion polymerization process, the average size of latex particles was dominated by the amount of initiator and the polymerization temperature. The experiment results also indicated that the size of the PDMS/P (MMA-BA) nano-composite latex particles is in the range of 26–65 nm, with the concentration of the initiator in the range of 0.6 × 10^–2-1.46×10^?2mol/L, at temperature 60–65°C.     

Hydrolysis of Cephanone in SDS/n-C_5H_(11)OH/H_2O System

IntroductionMicellesolutioncomposedofsurfactantscanaffect,adjustandcontrolmanychemicalreactionsaccordingtoitseffectsoflocalconcentration ,polarity ,charge ,microvis cosity,electrostatics ,etc ..1,2 Recently ,ithasarousedmuchattentiontoconductchemicalreactionsusingmi croemulsionasmicroreactor .3 7Theeffectofmicelleonthechemicalreactionstemsfromitsstaticelectricityandhy drophobicity .Usually ,cationicsurfactantcancatalyzethereactionbetweennucleophileandneutralmolecule ,whileanionicsurfactantsusp…