光轴方向任意时光折变晶体中体全息光栅的衍射性质

利用坐标旋转方法和Kogelnik耦合波理论,建立了光轴方向任意时单轴晶体中体光栅布拉格衍射的耦合波方程,分析了Li NbO3晶体的光轴方向对光折变体全息光栅的各向同性和各向异性布拉格衍射性质的影响。模拟计算表明,在给定光栅的结构参量时,通过适当选择光轴方向角可以使得光折变体光栅的各向同性和各向异性布拉格衍射的衍射效率达到最大,给出了相应类型的衍射效率取得最大值时晶体光轴的大致方向。这些理论分析为光折变体全息光学器件的优化设计和进一步广泛应用提供了很好的理论参考依据。     

多光束全息互连元件效率的理论分析

多光束全息互连元件往往需要大量的耦合波方程才能描述。本文通过分析记录时生成的互调制光栅的性质及其对衍射的影响,对问题进行适当的简化。通过解不同条件下的耦合波方程、分别给出了多光束全息图在各种不同情况下的衍射效率的近似解析表达式,展示了衍射效率与各实验参量之间的关系。为进一步研究多光束全息互连元件的性质、比较各种条件下的效率以及各参量对总体效率的影响,提供了方便。     

基于严格耦合波理论的多层介质膜光栅衍射特性分析

基于严格耦合波理论建立了多层介质膜光栅的衍射机理模型,给出了TE波自准直条件下多层介质膜光栅衍射效率的表达式.以－1级衍射效率为评价函数,分析了表面浮雕结构分别为HfO₂和SiO₂材料的介质膜光栅获得衍射效率优于96%的结构参数.数值计算表明,顶层材料为HfO₂的介质膜光栅具有更宽的结构选择范围.最后分析了介质膜光栅的制备容差和允许的入射角度范围. 关键词： 衍射效率 多层介质膜光栅 严格耦合波理论     

静磁波与导波光的磁光耦合理论

根据耦合模理论,分析了砂光波导中静磁波与导波光的相互作用特点。给出了导波光模式之间的耦合方程。理论分析表明,仅当垂直磁化时,发生模式转换的导波光材被全部衍射,此时衍射效率等于模式转换效率。计算了斜向场作用下ＹＩＧ薄膜中导波光的反斯托克斯相互作用衍射效率,所得结论与实验结果一致。适当倾斜静磁场,导波光的模式转换和衍射效率均可比垂直磁化时间显提高。同时改变静磁体波传播方向和斜向场的偏离方向（与垂直方向     

体全息产生光学涡旋的实验研究

利用全息法可产生复杂拓扑结构的光学涡旋且容易实现对涡旋态的控制,但通常情况下衍射效率较低。以掺铁铌酸锂晶体为存储介质,通过对光学涡旋的体全息存储与再现研究,在晶体几何厚度仅为0.6 mm的情况下获得了26.7%的衍射效率,且再现图像与记录前图像质量相当。根据实验参数,应用Kogelnik耦合波理论进行的计算表明,在同一种晶体和曝光参数情况下,当晶体的几何厚度达到1.23 mm时可获得100%的涡旋光衍射效率。     

线性化求解非线性记录光栅耦合波方程

采用折射率调制特性为上凸型和下凹型的调制曲线,提出了线性化求解非线性记录全息图耦合波方程的方法。以反射相位型全息光栅为例,用耦合波理论分析计算了记录介质折射率调制为上凸型和下凹型调制曲线的体全息图的衍射光谱特性。计算结果表明,折射率调制类型对光栅衍射光谱的带宽有较大影响,对次峰峰值也有影响,而对主峰峰值和峰值位置影响不大。这些结果可以解释实验测得的全息光栅衍射光谱带宽较宽和光栅衍射光谱的多样性。     

局域体全息光栅衍射的平面波与柱面波的波前转换研究

利用一维耦合波理论研究了入射方向相互垂直的一束平面波与一束柱面波干涉形成光折变局域体全息光栅的波前转换情况。给出了透射波和衍射波振幅的解析表达式。讨论了该局域体全息光栅的几何尺寸以及全息透镜的焦距对光栅衍射效率的影响。结果表明,随着光栅横向尺寸的增加,光栅的衍射效率也逐渐增加。然而,光栅的衍射效率却随着光栅纵向尺寸的增加而减小。全息透镜的焦距越长,光栅的衍射效率也越大。此外,分析了光栅的布拉格选择特性,该光栅具有非常好的角度选择特性。在平面波与柱面波干涉形成全息透镜的设计中,为了获得最优的衍射效率,应当根据要求合理地选择记录所用柱面波和设计光栅的几何尺寸。     

波前相位编码体光栅选择性衍射的理论分析

阐述了波前相位复用技术记录和再现体全息光栅的原理;运用波耦合理论,从衍射波的一阶微分方程推导出多重体光栅对随机波前相位的选择性衍射;构造了一个复随机过程函数,并利用其相关函数得到了随机波前相位编码体光栅实现无串扰再现的充分必要条件;给出了理论上分析多重体光栅对随机波前相位选择性衍射的一种方法.     

体光栅耦合波理论中的能量平衡

基于对体光栅衍射效率的计算分析,本文直接地、精细地讨论了体光栅的功率守恒问题.结果指出:弱耦合前提假定下的双波耦合波二阶理论,不能严格地满足能量平衡准则.     

运用严格耦合波理论计算平面电介质光栅的衍射效率

本文阐述了严格耦合波理论的基本思想。针对横电波的情况，详细分析了运用严格耦合波理论实现光栅衍射效率计算的方法，并且进一步给出了编制计算衍射效率程序的步骤。通过一个具体计算实例表明：各衍射级分布的光能量之和等于入射光的能量，满足能量守恒定律，从而证实了计算结果的正确性。     

Diffraction properties of ultrashort pulsed beams with arbitrary temporal profiles by a reflection volume holographic grating

The diffraction properties of reflection volume holographic gratings are studied when the gratings are illuminated by an ultrashort beam with arbitrary temporal profiles. The modified Kogelnik's theory of coupled waves is used. Simple analytical expressions for spectral and temporal distribution of the transmitted and diffracted are obtained. The dependences of the diffraction bandwidth, the Bragg selectivity bandwidth and the total diffraction efficiency of the reflection volume grating on the temporal profiles of the input ultrashort pulse are investigated. Study shows that the bandwidth of the reflection volume holographic gratings varies with the grating parameters more slowly than the transmitting volume holographic gratings. For three different temporal profiles, numerical results about diffraction properties of the reflection volume holographic gratings are given and compared with the transmitting volume holographic gratings.     

金纳米颗粒掺杂光致聚合物的体全息混合光栅模型

金纳米颗粒掺杂光致聚合物在全息曝光过程中,光产物周期分布会形成折射率调制相位型主光栅,同时金纳米颗粒周期分布形成由局域表面等离子体共振引起强吸收的振幅型辅助光栅。研究基于耦合波理论的一种混合光栅模型,分析了光栅的体全息光学特性。结果表明,混合光栅中的折射率光栅和吸收光栅都能够提升体光栅的衍射效率; 体光栅的角度选择性也可以得到明显的改善。     

Edge-enhanced imaging with polyvinyl alcohol/acrylamide photopolymer gratings

We demonstrate edge-enhanced imaging produced by volume phase gratings recorded on a polyvinyl alcohol/acrylamide photopolymer. Bragg diffraction, exhibited by volume gratings, modifies the impulse response of the imaging system, facilitating spatial filtering operations with no need for a physical Fourier plane. We demonstrate that Kogelnik's coupled-wave theory can be used to calculate the transfer function for the transmitted and the diffracted orders. The experimental and simulated results agree, and they demonstrate the feasibility of our proposal.     

Thick grating focussing-device-design using poynting-vector-optics

Novel thick grating focussing and de-focussing devices are described which employ uniform phase gratings with special boundary shapes. The analysis used is based upon an eigenmodal approach to Kogelnik's coupled-wave equations, akin to the dynamical theory of x-ray diffraction. The relationship between the direction of phase progression of the coupled-waves at Bragg incidence, and the direction of the Poynting vector is carefully delineated. As a consequence, a new technique-Poynting Vector Optics — is suggested as potentially an important means of designing thick gratings to fulfil certain beam processing roles, especially in integrated optics applications. The two-dimensional coupled-wave equations are briefly employed to illustrate the effectiveness of a particular focussing device.     

Comparison between a thin matrix decomposition method and the rigorous coupled wave theory applied to volume diffraction gratings

Diffraction gratings have been an interesting field during the last decades. A great deal of research has been done in order to understand how light propagates inside diffraction gratings. Since its formulation, the Rigorous Coupled Wave Theory (RCWT) has been applied to different periodic structures providing a basis to check the validity of approximate theories, such as Kogelnik's coupled wave theory or the coupled wave theory neglecting second derivatives. In this work we will compare the results of the diffraction efficiencies of the first and second orders at second on-Bragg replay angular condition, obtained by using an analytical formula provided by Alferness using an approximate thin-matrix decomposition method (TMDM) with the results obtained by using the RCWT. Good agreement between the results obtained using TMDM and the RCWT were found.     

Study on the instantaneous characteristics of diffracted and transmitted light of static photorefractive grating illuminated by ultra-short pulse laser

Based on Kogelnik's coupled wave theory, the time-domain diffraction and transmission of static PR gratings are theoretically studied when they are illuminated by ultra-short pulse laser. Study shows that the waveforms of the diffracted and transmitted pulses depend on the readout pulse duration, grating spacing, crystal thickness and refractive index modulation. By changing the values of these parameters, the diffracted and transmitted waveforms can be controlled. Also we find there is a displacement of diffracted and transmitted pulse along the time-axis when compared to readout pulse. Conclusions of our study could be used in many areas, such as pulse shaping and signal processing.     

光折变光栅在超短脉冲光照射下衍射的研究

利用Kogelnik单色光在体光栅中衍射效率公式推导出超短脉冲光读出稳态光折变体光栅时的衍射光频谱表达式,并在此基础上导出了脉冲光读出时的总衍射光强及总光强衍射效率.研究发现衍射光的频谱分布、总光强及衍射效率与光栅周期Λ、光栅厚度d和读出光脉冲宽度Δτ有密切的关系.通过调整这些参量,光折变光栅可以对入射的超短脉冲光实现不同程度的滤波作用.该结论可用于超短脉冲的整形研究.     

标量衍射理论的非傍轴近似及其有效性

当光束束腰（或衍射孔孔径）可与波长相比拟或光束具有较大的发散角时,傍轴近似不再成立.在标量瑞利.索末菲衍射积分的基础上,进一步研究了衍射场的非傍轴近似解,并详细分析了解的有效性.以平面波圆孔衍射为例,对衍射场的精确解、非傍轴近似解以及菲涅耳近似解进行了详细的数值计算和比较研究.结果表明,非傍轴近似对微小孔衍射非常精确、有效.     

Study of the influence of processing baths on the modulation profile of volume holographic gratings

Over the last 20 years, dichromated gelatin has been considered to be the best holographic recording material. However, the non-reproducibility of results in relation to light sensitivity, for a large number of experimental factors, restricted the use of this material. In this work, we consider the refractive index modulation profile and its stability. We propose a mixed method using Kogelnik's coupled wave theory (an approximate theory) and an alternative theory of diffraction in modulated media (an exact theory). The aim of this contribution is to use this mixed method in order to study the evolution of the modulation profile in correlation with the modification of the chemical environment during the final stage of processing. In our study we compare the effect of different kinds of final processing baths on the refractive index modulation profile. In order to characterize our holograms we have developed an experimental set-up for diffractive elements analysis. The experimental results are compared with the theoretical ones. For the numerical study we have carried out a complete set of numerical computations by using our own programs. These programs are based on a complete and exact solution of the Maxwell equations.