核磁共振量子计算机与并行量子计算

在本文，我们首先回顾了量子计算的发展历史，阐述了核磁共振量子计算的原理．在叙述了利用有效纯态方法进行核磁共振量子计算之后，我们阐述了利用混合态进行核磁共振的量子计算的方法．首先是刘维尔量子计算方法，它是由Madi，Brushweiler，Ernst等人1998年提出的，在这一模式中，可以对搜索算法进行加速算法，Brushweilet。提出了一个指数速度的搜索算法．我们在3个比特的量子计算机中实现了这一搜索算法．我们在这一模式中提出了一个只需要一次搜索即可找标记物的直接拿取算法，并且在7个比特的核磁共振的量子计算机中实现了这一直接拿取算法．本文提出了在一个核磁共振量子计算机，或者更一般地一个系统量子计算机中实现多个量子计算机的并行计算．我们着重对量子搜索算法和Shor。的大数分解算法进行了并行实现．在并行量子计算中，一部分量子比特处在纯态，一部分量子比特处在混合态．如果所有的量子比特都处在纯态上，则就是有效纯态量子计算，如果所有的量子比特都处在混合态上，则就是刘维尔量子计算．在这两个极限中间，相当于2个到N／2个量子计算机的并行计算．量子搜索方法可以很有效地进行并行计算，而Shor算法则只能在小的范围内进行并行计算．     

量子点量子阱中的三阶非线性光学特性的研究

利用紧致密度矩阵近似方法，研究了一个特殊量子点量子阱中的三阶非线性光学特性(三次谐波产生)，得到了量子点量子阱系统的三次谐波产生系数的解析表达式，而且考虑了量子点量子阱系统中的两种电子束缚态-壳层阱内与阱外两种束缚态。对CdS/HgS构成的典型的量子点量子阱进行了数值计算，得到了10^-15(m／v)^2量级的三次谐波产生系数，并且绘出了三次谐波产生系数作为量子点量子阱的尺寸和泵浦光子能量的函数曲线，最后对曲线的特征及其形成的原因进行了解析。     

级联环境中两比特纠缠态的量子非局域关联检验研究

量子纠缠态经级联环境中演化的量子非局域关联检验研究具有重要的现实意义。基于Hardy-type佯谬检验方案，本文分别以两比特量子纯态和混合态为研究对象，研究了其在级联环境中演化后的量子非局域关联检验情况。分析了纠缠态和腔的耦合强度、腔和库的耦合强度比值κ/γ以及马尔科夫环境和非马尔科夫环境对量子非局域关联检验的影响情况。结果表明，在马尔科夫环境中，且κ/γ越小，成功进行量子非局域关联检验的演化时间越长。进一步给出了量子混合态能够成功进行量子非局域关联检验的混合度参数m的范围，并给出了量子混合态经级联环境演化后，可成功进行量子非局域关联检验的演化时间范围。     

量子信息工程

1量子工程 过去我们对原子、光子和其他的量子粒子主要的是进行观察和单独地进行考察，用原子序数很小的原子来进行实验或者检验基本的量子物理效应．现在我们是要考虑这些量子物理效应的应用了，一个新的领域——量子工程就发展了起来．量子工程是包括所有把量子物理效应尝试于新应用的工作，它是用经典物理方法所不能实现的．开拓量子工程这一新领域是基础的必需，像电子行业和光学工程中的微型化。     

InGaAs/GaAs应变量子阱的光谱研究

分别用光致发光谱（PL），光伏谱（PV）及时间分辨谱（TRPL）的方法，测量了应变InGaAs/GaAs单量子阱和多量子阱在不同温度下的光谱，发现单量子阱与多量子阱有不同的光学4性质。多量子阱PL谱发光峰和PV谱激子峰的强度与半高宽都比单量子阱的大，但单量子阱的半高宽随着温度的升高增大很快，这是由激子－声子耦合引起的，通过时间分辨谱研究发现了量子阱子能级之间的跃迁，多量子阱的发光寿命明显比单量子阱的长，我们利用形变势模型对量子阱的能带进行了计算，很好地解释了实验结果。     

ZnS/CdS/ZnS量子点量子阱的荧光衰减

采用反胶束方法制备了ZnS/CdS/ZnS量子点量子阱，并对其光谱性质进行了研究。结果表明所制得的量子点量子阱尺寸分布均匀，平均粒径为4.5nm，发光峰位于515nm左右，归属于CdS体内的施主－受主对复合。ZnS/CdS/ZnS量子点量子阱中CdS的发光比核－壳结构的ZnS/CdS量子点增强了近四倍，荧光寿命也有所增长。     

InAs/GaAs透镜形量子点超晶格材料的纵向和横向周期对应变场分布的影响

对量子点超晶格材料中量子点纵向周期和同层量子点的横向周期间距对量子点及其周围应变场分布的影响进行了系统的研究.结果表明，横向和纵向周期通过衬底材料之间的长程相互作用对量子点沿中心轴路径应变分布的影响效果正好相反，在适当条件下，两者对量子点应变场分布的影响可以部分抵消.同时也论证了在单层量子点和超晶格量子点材料中，计算量子点的电子结构时，应综合考虑量子点空间周期分布对载流子限制势的影响，不能简单的利用孤立量子点模型来代替. 关键词： 应变 半导体量子点 自组织     

基于量子模距离的量子态聚类识别

针对量子系统的状态识别，定义了一种量子模距离作为量子态之间的相似性度量，提出了一种基于量子模距离的聚类算法，它既适用于对量子叠加态的识别，也适合对量子纠缠态的识别。在算法中，根据待识别的样本量子态求取聚类中心，分别计算各量子态到聚类中心的量子模距离，根据量子模距离对量子态进行聚类识别。算例说明了这种聚类识别方法的合理性和有效性。     

MBE生长的垂直堆垛InAs量子点及HFET存储器件的应用

用MBE设备以Stranski-Krastanov生长方式外延生长了5个周期垂直堆垛的InAs量子点，在生长过程中通过对量子点形状，尺寸的控制来提高垂直堆垛InAs量子点质量和均匀性，用原子力显微镜（AFM）进行表面形貌的表征，并利用光致发光（PL）和深能级瞬态谱（DLTS）对InAs量子点进行观测。所用Al0.5Ga0.5As势垒外延层，对镶嵌在其中的InAs量子占粗很强的量子限制作用，并产生强量子限制效应，可以把InAs量子点的电子和空穴能级的热激发当作“深能级”的热激发来研究，这样可用DLTS方法进行测量，在垂直堆垛的InAs量子点的HFET器件中，由充电和放电过程的IDS－VGS曲线可以看到阈值电压有非常大的移动，这样便产生存储效应。     

量子细胞神经网络的超混沌特性研究

研究了由量子点细胞自动机构成的量子细胞神经网络的非线性动力学特性.以量子点细胞的极化率和量子相位作为状态变量，对3个细胞耦合的量子细胞神经网络进行了理论分析和计 算机仿真研究.结果表明，该网络系统呈现复杂的混沌动力学行为，混沌振荡产生非常容易. 由数值计算得到的两个最大正Lyapunov指数证实了该系统具有超混沌特性. 关键词： 量子点细胞自动机 极化率 量子细胞神经网络 超混沌     

Electronic states in a step quantum well in a magnetic field

The quantum states and energy spectrum of an electron in a rectangular step quantum well in a magnetic field parallel to the plane of two-dimensional electronic gas are investigated. It is shown that the joint effect of a magnetic field and confining potential of quantum well results in radical change of the electron energy spectrum. The energy dependencies on the parameters of the quantum well and magnetic field induction are investigated. Numerical calculations are carried out for an AlAs/ GaAlAs/ GaAs/ AlAs step quantum well.     

氮化物抛物量子阱中类氢杂质态能量

采用变分方法研究氮化物抛物量子阱(GaN/Al_xGa_1-xN)材料中类氢杂质态的能级,给出基态能量、第一激发态能量、结合能和跃迁能量等物理量随抛物量子阱宽度变化的函数关系.研究结果表明,基态能量、第一激发态能量、基态结合能和1s→2p±跃迁能量随着阱宽L的增大而减小,最后接近于GaN中3D值.GaN/Al_0.3Ga_0.7N抛物量子阱对杂质态的束缚程度比GaAs/Al_0.3Ga_0.7As抛物量子阱强,因此,在GaN/Al_0.3-Ga_0.7N抛物量子阱中束缚于杂质中心处的电子比在GaAs/Al_0.3Ga_0.7As抛物量子阱中束缚于杂质中心处的电子稳定.     

Polaron Energy and Effective Mass in Parabolic Quantum Wells

The energy and effective mass of a polaron in a parabolic quantum well are studied theoretically by using LLP-like transformations and a variational approach. Numerical results are presented for the polaron energy and effective mass in the GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As parabolic quantum well. The results show that the energy and the effective mass of the polaron both have their maxima in the finite parabolic quantum well but decrease monotonously in the infinite parabolic quantum well with the increasing well width. It is verified that the bulk longitudinal optical phonon mode approximation is an adequate formulation for the electron-phonon coupling in parabolic quantum well structures.     

Analysis of quantum well size alteration effects on slow light device based on excitonic population oscillation

In this paper we investigate the effects of quantum well size changes on slow light device properties. The principle properties such as center frequency and slow down factor of a slow light device are affected by changing the size of quantum well. In this way, the effects of quantum well size on Oscillator Strength and binding energy of exciton are considered separately. First, we investigate the variations in oscillator strength of exciton due to different quantum well size. Second, exciton binding energy level shift due to size of quantum well is investigated. According to this analysis, we have developed a new method for tuning slow light device bandwidth center frequency and slow down factor. Analysis and simulation of a basic GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells optical slow light device based on excitonic population oscillation shows that size of quantum wells could tune both of the frequency properties and slow down factor of an optical slow light device. Simulation results show that slow down factor and oscillation strength of exciton are proportional to each other in direct manner. Moreover, decreasing the quantum well width, causes enhancement in binding energy of excitons. These achievements are useful in optical nonlinearity enhancements, all-optical signal processing applications and optical communications.     

Electronic properties of a quantum ring perturbed with a quantum well in the presence of perpendicular magnetic flux

Here, we study the effects of the number of sites, quantum ring radius and potential well depth on the energy levels, persistent current, magnetic susceptibility and density of states (DOS) of a quantum ring with a quantum well within its circumstance in a magnetic flux perpendicular to its plane. We show that, for small radius quantum ring systems, there are periodic local gaps along the magnetic flux axis in the DOS plots and along the axis ‘energy’. For large radius quantum ring systems, a uniform gap along the energy axis exists and along the phi axis nothing changes. In quantum rings with a quantum well in their circumstance, by using the large confining potential, we can create uniform gaps in the Energy–phi plane. The energy eigenvalues, persistent current and magnetic susceptibility decrease by increasing the confining potential. A quantum ring even with a very small confining potential in its circumstance can sensibly decrease the persistent current and magnetic susceptibility, although it may do not change the energy eigenvalues and DOS maximum considerably. Thus, by using the abovementioned parameters, we are able to tune the DOS, persistent current, magnetic susceptibility and energy levels, desirably.     

Interface phonons and dielectric enhancement effects on excitons in quantum well

The theory of exciton polaron in quantum well is developed. The interaction with symmetric interface phonons is shown to contribute significantly to polaron exciton binding energy. As a result, this energy depends both on effective masses of charge particles in the quantum well and on polarization properties of the barriers. The conditions are found for strong exciton–phonon coupling in quantum well.     

镶嵌于基质中的金属超微粒子特性研究(Ⅰ)——超微粒子的量子阱点模型

提出超微粒子(UFP)的量子阱点模型。模型假定UFP的主要特性由其非定域电子(简称电子)决定,电子被束缚在三维有限深势阱内。电子的行为由二部分组成:单电子的和集体化的。电子能谱主要由单电子行为决定。模型反映了UFP的一些重要特性,例如块体材料逸出功,UFP原子半径和第一电离能,而忽略UFP更精细的结构。这种近似被证明是合理的。一系列有用的公式和预言被导出。(1)主要的UFP特性,量子尺寸效应和电子能谱的壳层结构。(2)UFP的逸出功和费密能级公式,这对于其他模型是困难的。导出的UFP逸出功随尺寸变化的公式 关键词：     

无限深量子阱中强耦合极化子的基态结合能

研究了无限深量子阱中极化子的基态性质,采用线性组合算符和变分相结合的方法导出了强耦合极化子的振动频率λ、基态能量E₀和基态结合能E_b,讨论了阱宽L和电子-LO声子耦合强度α对强耦合极化子的振动频率λ、基态能量E₀和基态结合能E_b的影响。通过数值计算,结果表明:强耦合极化子的振动频率和基态结合能随阱宽L的增大而减小,随电子-LO声子耦合强度α的增强而增大;基态能量随阱宽L的增大而减小,其绝对值随电子-LO声子耦合强度α的增强而增大;当量子阱阱宽L趋近于无限大和无限小两种极限情况下,分别与三维和二维极化子的结果相一致。     

Modeling of a quantum well infrared detector with a dark current discriminator

A model is developed to provide estimates of the performance of quantum well intersubband infrared photodetectors. By introducing an energy filter to reduce the dark current, the quantum well device performance is improved. The amount of reduction in dark current depends upon the height of the energy filter barrier which can be varied by bias voltage. The energy distributions of the dark current and photocurrent electrons are discussed. Calculated results are presented for detectors with different quantum well widths, including the cases of bound-to-bound and bound-to-continuum transitions. The reduction in dark current results in a higher detectivity, and a substantial improvement over traditional designs can be obtained for some well widths.     

Electron–phonon effect on the ground-state binding energy of hydrogenic impurity in quantum-well wire in presence of an electric field

The hydrogenic impurity binding energy in rectangular quantum well wire including both barriers of finite height and an applied electric field are studied. The polaron effects on the ground-state binding energy in electric field are investigated by means of Landau-Pekar variation technique. The results for the binding energy as well as polaronic correction are obtained as a function of the size of the wire, the applied electric field and the position of the impurity. Our calculations are compared with previous results in quantum wires of comparable dimensions.