乙烯类单体的负离子聚合研究——丙烯酸第三丁酯的聚合

1.研究了丙烯酸第三丁酯在氢化钠、四氢锂铝和四氢硼钠等碱金属氢化物及其络合物引发下,在不同溶剂中和不同温度下的负离子聚合反应。 2.以氢化钠和四氢锂铝为引发剂,在己烷和甲苯溶剂中得到结晶性全同构型聚合物;在四氢呋喃中得到非晶态聚合物。 3.四氢硼钠在己烷和甲苯溶剂中,不易引发丙烯酸第三丁酯的聚合反应,但在吡啶和四氢呋喃中能引发聚合,亦得到非晶态聚合物。 4.丙烯酸第三丁酯以碱金属氢化物及其络合物引发的聚合反应,可能主要是按负氢离子转移至单体的β-碳原子的机构进行的。     

丙烯酸羟乙酯对丙烯酸酯改性水性聚氨酯性能的影响

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、二羟甲基丙酸和聚丙醚二醇等为聚氨酯原料, 丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯为丙烯酸酯类单体, 丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)为聚氨酯和聚丙烯酸酯间的偶联剂合成了丙烯酸酯改性水性聚氨酯(PU-AC)乳液. 首先建立并验证了一种测定PU接枝率, 即PU与丙烯酸酯发生接枝的部分占PU总数的百分比的方法, 然后探讨了加入HEA后的反应温度和HEA用量对PU接枝率、PU-AC乳胶粒径、胶膜吸水率和交联度等性能的影响. 随着HEA与PU预聚体反应温度和HEA用量的提高, 体系中的最终残余NCO逐渐降低. 当HEA用量低于其加入前体系中残余NCO量时, 增加其用量使PU接枝率和PU-AC乳胶粒径逐渐增加; 当HEA用量大于体系残余的NCO量后继续增加其用量对PU接枝率和PU-AC乳胶粒径的影响不大. 胶膜吸水率随着HEA用量的增加而降低.     

二茂铁甲酸(2-丙烯酰氧乙基)酯的合成及优化

二茂铁类燃速催化剂在使用过程中存在的主要问题是在推进剂贮存过程中易产生迁移和挥发问题。 针对这些不足,对二茂铁衍生物进行改性,在二茂铁的茂环上引入极性基团以增大分子极性。 以二茂铁甲酸(FCA)和2-羟乙基丙烯酸酯(HEA)为反应物,以二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)为脱水剂,以对二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)为催化剂,在二氯甲烷(DCM)中合成二茂铁甲酸(2-丙烯酰氧乙基)酯(AEFC),优化各反应条件,确定最佳投料摩尔比为n(FCA):n(HEA):n(DMAP):n(DCC)=20:28:20:24,反应温度为0 ℃,DCC溶液滴加时间为60~75 min,反应时间为15 h,搅拌速率为1000 r/min,在此条件下得到的AEFC的产率为75.1%,纯度为98%。     

聚[2-(4-苯基偶氮苯氧基)乙基丙烯酸酯]的合成及光响应性能研究

从4-羟基偶氮苯出发,依次与2-氯乙醇、丙烯酰氯反应,合成了2-(4-苯基偶氮苯氧基)乙基丙烯酸酯(PAPEA)。接着以PAPEA为单体,二硫代苯甲酸异丁腈酯(CPDB)为链转移剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,利用可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合法合成了聚[2-(4-苯基偶氮苯氧基)乙基丙烯酸酯](PPAPEA)均聚物,同时考察了反应时间、引发剂和链转移剂浓度等因素对聚合反应的影响。利用FT-IR、1H-NMR和GPC等对单体和聚合物的结构进行了表征,并利用UV对聚合物的光响应性能进行了测试。结果表明,PAPEA的聚合反应动力学曲线呈良好的线性关系,分子量分布较窄(小于1.3);均聚物在紫外光照下的异构化速率随分子量的增大而减缓,而其在自然光下的回复速率变化不大。     

巯基丙烯酸酯树脂的合成及自引发光聚合反应

以4,4'-二巯基苯硫醚和1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯通过"巯基-双键"反应合成了4,4'-二巯基苯硫醚己酯二丙烯酸酯(TBHDA)及苯硫酚改性双三羟甲基丙烷四丙烯酸酯(TP-DiTMP4A)和超支化丙烯酸酯预聚物(TP-P1000As). 采用 ¹H NMR和FTIR谱对产物结构进行了表征. 采用Photo-DSC方法对产物的自引发光聚合反应活性进行了研究, 结果表明, TBHDA本体及与EB605的混合体系均显示出较高的自引发光聚合反应活性, 而TP-DiTMP4A和TP-P1000As的自引发光聚合反应活性较低; 相对TP-P1000As而言, TP-DiTMP4A具有较高的光聚合反应活性是由于其较高的硫醚键和丙烯酸酯双键浓度所致.     

类米氏酮光引发剂的合成及在ATRP中的应用

以4,4’-二甲基二苯甲酮为原料,经过溴化、选择性胺化、O-烷基化等反应,依次合成了4-(溴甲基)-4’-[双(羟乙基)氨基]二苯甲酮与4-(腰果酚基甲基)-4’-[双(羟乙基)氨基]二苯甲酮两个功能性的类米氏酮光引发剂,收率分别为58%和46%。在4-(溴甲基)-4’-[双(羟乙基)氨基]二苯甲酮中含有苄溴基团,因此该化合物还可作为ATRP或SET-LRP引发剂。同时,利用4-(溴甲基)-4’-[双(羟乙基)氨基]二苯甲酮作引发剂进行了腰果酚单体的AGET ATRP聚合反应,得到相应的腰果酚均聚物(Mn=20.2 k Da,PDI=1.11)。小分子化合物的结构用1H-NMR进行了表征。     

用硅烯醚型引发剂进行的基团转移聚合

本文报道了一类硅烯醚型的基团转移聚合引发剂。并以负离子和HgI_2等为催化剂,进行了甲基丙烯酸酯和丙烯酸酯的基团转移聚合。得到了实测分子量和理论分子量相近且分散性较小的浆合物。进行了甲基丙烯酸甲酯的活性聚合以及其与丙烯酸酯的A-B-A型三嵌段共聚,证实具有活性高分子的特征。探讨了该类引发剂引发基团转移聚合的机理,研究了催化剂和引发剂的配合选择性以及催化剂和引发剂的摩尔比对产物分子量和转化率的影响,发现该类引发剂引发的基团转移聚合是一恒速聚合反应。     

电化学聚合法制备二茂铁衍生物聚合膜电极

本文研究了二茂铁衍生物(α-羟乙基-,1,1’-二α-羟乙基-,乙酰基-,1,-二乙酰基-)在乙腈溶液及水溶液中的电化学行为.首次发现这类二茂铁金属有机化合物在电化学引发下发生电聚合反应,提出用电化学聚合制备其聚合物膜修饰电极的方法,并对聚合反应机理作了初步探讨.电化学聚合法简便快速,聚合过程可控,膜稳定且与电极的接着牢固,是一种很有实用意义的制备修饰电极的方法。     

分子结构对丙烯酸酯类单体接枝LLDPE影响的研究

利用HAAKE密炼机对比研究了甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)、甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯(HPMA)、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)、甲基丙烯酸乙酯(EMA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)以及丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)等具有不同分子结构的丙烯酸酯类单体对线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)的接枝反应.通过对不同温度下不同反应时间的产物接枝率的测定,发现丙烯酸酯类单体接枝聚烯烃过程中均存在解聚现象.开始发生解聚现象的温度,也即解聚温度(ceiling temperature,Tc),与单体分子结构有关.讨论了位阻效应和特殊基团(如羟基等)相互作用对解聚温度的影响,并通过丙烯酸酯类单体的溶液聚合反应确认了不同丙烯酸酯类单体的解聚温度范围.讨论了添加苯乙烯(St)作为助单体对不同丙烯酸酯类单体接枝率的影响,并结合Q-e法则和竞聚率对其进行了解释.     

9-(2-羟乙基)-吖啶酮柱前衍生胆汁酸高效液相色谱分析

采用一种新型紫外、荧光衍生试剂 9 ( 2 羟乙基 ) 吖啶酮 (HEA) ,在缩合剂 1 乙基 3 ( 3 二甲氨丙基 ) 碳酰二亚胺 (EDC·HCl)及碱性催化剂 4 二甲氨基吡啶 (DMAP)的存在下 ,对 1 0种胆汁酸进行柱前衍生 ,并通过荧光检测的方法进行高效液相色谱 (HPLC)分析。在HypersilBDSC18柱上 ,采用梯度洗脱 ,1 0种胆汁酸衍生物获得了基线分离 ,衍生物的激发和发射波长为λex/λem=40 4/44 0nm。衍生产物稳定性好 ,检测灵敏度高 ,按信噪比S/N =3∶1 ,平均检出限可达 8.3fmol。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.