回转窑多粒径颗粒流动与偏析的DEM模拟与实验研究

为明晰回转窑内颗粒的运动行为及偏析机理,以绿豆、黄豆和黑豆为颗粒介质,依次对3种装填顺序下的颗粒流动过程进行离散元模拟与实验研究,以颗粒质量分数和平均粒度为判据,对颗粒偏析进行评价。结果表明,回转窑内颗粒流动区可分为自由滚落区、渗流呆滞区以及窑壁携带区,自由滚落区颗粒流速最大,而渗流呆滞区流速最小。窑内颗粒沿轴向输运过程发生径向偏析,形成夹层结构,小颗粒受渗流作用在渗流呆滞区中心形成内核,大粒径和中等粒径颗粒集中在自由滚落区和窑壁携带区。窑内颗粒力链分布不均匀,强力链分布于近窑壁区,弱力链分布于自由滚落区和渗流呆滞区,且渗流呆滞区力链细而密集。当窑头附近不同粒径颗粒存在轴向速度差时,颗粒在轴向发生掺混,并产生径向偏析。     

两种热处理钢轨焊接接头冲击磨损与损伤性能研究

研究了过共析钢轨焊接接头淬火和正火后不同区域的硬度与微观组织,利用冲击磨损试验机对不同区域进行冲击试验,分析了各区域冲击磨损与损伤特性. 结果表明:钢轨焊接接头分为母材区、焊缝区和热影响区. 母材区微观组织为片层状珠光体,焊缝区为珠光体与先共析铁素体且正火后铁素体含量较多,热影响区淬火后为粒状珠光体而正火后存在少量片层状珠光体. 焊接接头不同区域硬度大小为母材区>淬火焊缝区>正火焊缝区>正火热影响区>淬火热影响区. 硬度越低的区域,冲击深度和磨损体积越大. 母材区冲击损伤轻微,表面呈轻微剥落;焊缝区损伤较严重,出现明显裂纹且正火后损伤较淬火后严重;热影响区损伤最为严重且正火后损伤较淬火后略轻微.      

U71MnK钢轨焊缝滚动接触磨损性能研究

对U71Mn K钢轨焊缝及母材在滚动接触疲劳条件下进行模拟试验,对比研究了钢轨焊缝及母材在滚动接触过程中的材料磨损演变行为.结果表明:以U71Mn K为基材的钢轨焊缝部位与非焊缝部位的磨损性能及组织结构在磨损前后均存在显著差异.由于组织结构和力学性能的差异,焊缝区硬度低于非焊缝区,焊缝区摩擦系数、磨损量、磨损率均大于非焊缝区.与非焊缝区相比,钢轨焊缝区容易产生犁沟乃至波磨,表面粗糙度增大,剥落损伤、裂纹、塑性变形严重,磨损性能变坏.无论焊缝区还是非焊缝区,其先前的磨损细化了组织,改善了其磨损性能,减弱了其后的摩擦损伤.     

三峡库区泄滩滑坡滑带土特征研究

在滑坡地质灾害勘察过程中,如何准确地辨识滑带土的特征和确定滑动面的具体位置,是让大多数工程技术人员都感到头痛的问题。本文以三峡库区泄滩古滑坡为例,较为详细地介绍了泄滩滑坡滑体的结构特征,以及通过勘探平硐、钻孔岩芯和地表露头等多种手段揭露的滑带土的基本特征。研究结果表明,泄滩滑坡滑带土中不仅可见明显的擦痕、镜面以及碎块石印模,而且在个别钻孔可见滑带土呈糜棱岩化现象,地表露头还可见到滑带土在地下水和高速下滑过程中被碾压、搓揉原有结构被破坏后又重新胶结的痕迹。同时,在滑带以下还存在一层特殊的滑坡影响带。泄滩滑坡滑带土特征非常典型,具有一定的代表性,可供同行在实际工作中确定滑面时参考。     

燃爆冲击作用下岩石初始破坏区形成机制与主控因素

为揭示燃爆冲击作用下井周岩石破坏区的形成机制,并分析影响初始破坏区(破碎区和初始裂隙区)的主控因素,开展了两种岩样在不同加载速率下的冲击破坏实验, 分析了岩石冲击破坏模式及岩石对加载速率的响应, 借助基于Von Mise准则建立的岩石冲击破坏的破碎区和初始裂隙区计算模型可知:加载速率低于190 GPa/s时,可依据冲击峰值压力引导的应力分布确定破碎区和初始裂隙区作用范围;燃爆压裂在近井地带主要产生破碎区和裂隙区,破碎区直径为井眼直径的1~3倍,初始裂隙区直径为井眼直径的5~7倍;冲击载荷作用下,初始破坏区与加载速率、脆性指数呈正相关,且受脆性指数影响更显著。研究结果可提高对燃爆压裂过程中岩石的破坏模式及其主控因素的认识深度,为燃爆压裂冲击条件设计提供指导。     

Influence of tension along a crack on the plastic zone in an anisotropic body

The influence of longitudinal loading on the size and shape of the plastic zone near a crack in an anisotropic body is analyzed. A generalized plane stress state is considered. A relevant boundary-value problem is solved numerically to study the behavior of the main plastic zone at the crack tip, a new plastic zone above the crack, and an additional plastic zone on the lateral surface, which merge to form a single plastic zone     

受载高聚物裂尖的损伤和银纹化

采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)，对高聚物裂尖银纹损伤的引发和演化过程进行了原位观测．将固态高聚物本体材料视为线黏弹体，裂尖银纹区视为非线性损伤区，通过构造银纹区的损伤演化方程，给出了银纹区应力模型和银纹生长规律，数值结果与已有实验吻合良好。     

A refined cohesive zone model that accounts for inertia of cohesive zone of a moving crack

Existing cohesive zone models assume that actual fracture zone of non-zero mass can be modeled by a line segment (cohesive zone) with no mass and inertia. In the present work, a simplified mass-spring model is presented to study inertia effect of cohesive zone on a mode-I steady-state moving crack. It is showed that fracture energy predicted by the present model increases dramatically when a finite limiting crack speed is approached. Reasonable agreement with known experiments indicates that the present model has the potential to catch the inertia effect of cohesive zone which has been ignored in existing cohesive zone models and better simulate dynamic fracture at high crack speed.     

Analytical model of steam zone propagation in porous media

Steam injected into oil-bearing porous media forms a steam zone which propagates in three-dimensional space. The injected steam forms the condensation front bounding the seam zone. Simultaneous mass and the energy transfers take place through this moving boundary, between the rocks and fluids inside and outside the steam zone. The energy transfer is by conduction and convection. A new mathematical model describes the propagation growth of the steam zone subject to initial and boundary conditions, and is applicable in a general case of heterogeneous steam zone of arbitrary geometry. The model is based on the simultaneous analytical solution of the coupled overall mass and energy balance equations for a multi-phase steam zone, and is presented here for the first time. The resulting nonlinear integral equation does not have an analytical solution for a general case. The exact solution is found for a cylindrical homogeneous steam zone. For a special case of a one-dimensional, two phase steam zone, this solution shows excellent agreement with available experimental data.     

基于细观建模的电子束预控弹体破裂机理数值研究

为研究电子束预控弹体的破裂机理。提出了基于电子束预控弹体细观几何特性的参数化建模方法,建立了含基体、熔融区、过渡区和空腔区弹体的三维有限元模型,采用LS-DYNA软件对典型弹体的爆炸驱动和破裂过程进行了数值模拟分析。结果表明:电子束预控弹体破裂过程可分为:弹体膨胀后的空腔区在环向拉应力作用下产生拉伸断裂、过渡区产生裂纹扩展和拉伸断裂以及空腔区底部基体在两侧拉应力和底部压应力作用下产生与弹体内壁法线呈45°的剪切破坏3个阶段。数值模拟结果与回收的破片截面形状和破坏模式吻合较好。研究结果对电子束预控弹体破片成型控制具有参考价值。     

Analytic solutions to crack tip plastic zone under various loading conditions

Based on stress field equations and Hill yield criterion, the crack tip plastic zone is determined for orthotropic materials and isotropic materials under small-scale yielding condition. An analytical solution to calculating the crack tip plastic zone in plane stress states is presented. The shape and size of the plastic zone are analyzed under different loading conditions. The obtained results show that the crack tip plastic zones present “butterfly-like” shapes, and the elastic–plastic boundary is smooth. The size of the plastic zone for orthotropic composites is less at the crack tip for various loading conditions, compared with the case of isotropic materials. Crack inclination angle and loading conditions affect greatly the size and shape of crack tip plastic zone. The mode I crack has a crucial effect on the plastic zone for mixed mode case in plane stress state. The plastic zone for pure mode I crack and pure mode II crack have a symmetrical distribution to the initial crack plane.     

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对穿甲弹准定常侵彻半无限厚靶 板的问题,提出了一个考虑应变率效应的包括带有蘑菇头的未碎弹体、弹的破碎及扩孔区、 靶的破坏和扩孔区的简化侵彻模型. 通过侵彻过程中简化模型各部分的力学守恒定律,得到 了侵彻问题的简化常微分方程组,并以分析和数值计算相结合的方法分析了弹、靶强度的应 变率效应及弹破碎应变的应变率效应对侵彻效果的影响. 数值计算结果跟实验结果对比基本 一致.     

岩石试件端面效应的变形局部化数值模拟研究

试件端面效应直接影响试件内的应力分布、试件破坏形式和剪切带图案。采用FLAC - 3D模拟了端面效应对岩石试件剪切带图案、速度场和位移场的影响。试样端部的缚束作用较强时 ,仅在试样中部出现X形的剪切带 ;反之 ,在试样端部出现了倾斜的剪切带。压头刚性越大 ,剪切带倾角越大。块体具有整体平移的特性 ,剪切带边缘位移梯度却较大 ,反映了块体沿剪切带发生滑动的剪切破坏本质。数值模拟结果可在众多的试验结果中找到佐证。     

南沙群岛工程地质环境分区与质量评价

南沙群岛海区自然资源丰富,但工程地质条件复杂,地质灾害频繁。随着对该海区海洋资源的开发和其它海洋工程活动的增加,调查和研究其工程地质环境与质量评价就成为非常必要的前期工作。本文在分析了南沙群岛海区地质构造、活动断裂和火山地震活动的基础上,结合海洋水动力环境要素将南沙海区工程地质环境划分为5个区:南部陆架区、西部陆坡区、南沙海槽区、礼乐滩微陆块区、珊瑚礁隆起区,并深入分析了各分区的环境特征。     

明渠交汇口分离区三维几何特性的大涡模拟研究

为更准确地把握交汇角对分离区三维几何特性的影响,建立了不同角度的交汇水槽模型并进行数值模拟.采用大涡模拟(LES)方法求解交汇区的湍流流场,并基于平衡层模型的Werner壁面函数法处理近壁区流场.模拟所得垂向流速分布及分离区尺寸等结果与实测资料吻合程度较高.以90°交汇水槽为例较详尽地分析了分离区的三维几何特性,并从流...     

岩石钻孔爆破粉碎区计算模型的改进

为了研究炮孔周围岩石的破坏机理,准确预测粉碎区的范围,提出了一种计算钻孔爆破粉碎区范围的改进模型。该四分区模型考虑了破裂区内侧的环向压应力和炮孔空腔膨胀的影响,假定粉碎区为丧失了内聚力但仍具有内摩擦力的散体介质。采用弹塑性力学理论推导了柱状装药起爆条件下的岩石钻孔爆破粉碎区半径公式。计算结果表明,岩石钻孔爆破粉碎区范围通常为1.2~5.0倍炮孔半径,不同种类岩石的粉碎区范围差别很大。与其他计算模型相比,本模型的计算结果与实验数据更吻合。     

A Crack with an Electric Displacement Saturation Zone in an Electrostrictive Material

A crack with an electric displacement saturation zone in an electrostrictive material under purely electric loading is analyzed. A strip saturation model is here employed to investigate the effect of the electrical polarization saturation on electric fields and elastic fields. A closed form solution of electric fields and elastic fields for the crack with the strip saturation zone is obtained by using the complex function theory. It is found that the K _I -dominant region is very small compared to the strip saturation zone. The generalized Dugdale zone model is also employed in order to investigate the effect of the saturation zone shape on the stress intensity factor. Using the body force analogy, the stress intensity factor for the asymptotic problem of a crack with an elliptical saturation zone is evaluated numerically.     

自适应分析在确定裂纹尖端塑性区中的应用

在分析裂纹扩展及材料强度时对塑性区的估算是很重要的,本文提出采用自适应有限元分析来确定裂纹尖端塑性区的方法,计算结果表明这种方法通过网格自动加密能够有效地跟踪出弹塑性的交界面。     

激波诱导的燃烧粉尘云边界层的结构

足够强的激波扫过铺有可燃粉尘的界面时，波后形成燃烧的粉尘云边界层。为揭示其内部结构，本文对该现象进行了实验和理论两个方面的研究。理论计算表明燃烧粉云边界层可分为三个区域：诱导区、反应区和扩散区，诱导区的粉尘浓度最高，计算获得的粉尘云轮廓和点火延迟与实验结果基本吻合．     

三峡库区奉节县三马山移民小区岩体的变形及其机制

三马山小区巴东组三段泥质灰岩由于岩溶溶蚀作用已全部发生了变形 ,根据变形程度的差别 ,可将变形区分为三个地带 ,即上部轻度溶蚀沉降地带 (Ⅰ ) ,中部溶蚀沉降地带 (Ⅱ )和下部沿江滑坡 (Ⅲ )。建筑设施主要分布在中部溶蚀沉降地带 ,应注意防水。下部沿江滑坡治理难度大 ,不适于移民迁建。