首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
用特别设计的以平面金电极为工作电极,以Nafion膜为固体电解质的实验装置,对金电极析氢反应过程中吸附氢原子的表面扩散及吸附氢原子复合为氢分子的反应进行了定量研究,发现吸附氢原子在金表面上的扩散及复合反应引起了电流增加.对这一随时间变化的电流增加数据进行计算机模拟和数值拟合,得到金电极析氢反应中吸附氢原子的表面扩散系数、复合反应常数及其它动力学参数,并对数据进行了讨论.  相似文献   

2.
苏磊  吴秉亮 《电化学》2004,10(3):287-292
本文介绍一种由各自质子交换膜(作为电解质),参比电极和对电极在同一个工作电极上建立两个空间分离的、可独立控制的双电解池系统.它能够由第1个恒电位仪控制的第1电解池的工作电极产生某种吸附中间物,该中间物通过表面扩散到达第2个电解池的工作电极后,在第2个恒电位仪的控制下得到电化学检验.应用这一装置测量了铂电极上欠电势沉积的含氧吸附物种的表面扩散系数,并研究模拟铂钌电极电氧化有机小分子产生的毒性中间物与表面含氧吸附物种的相互作用.在质子交换膜燃料电池的燃料极的工作电势下,没有发现钌表面产生的含氧吸附物种扩散到铂的表面.作者据此假设Pt Ru协同催化作用的实现可能是由于铂上毒性中间物的表面扩散速率非常慢,限制了向钌表面的溢流速率.只有当Pt Ru边界足够大,中间物在铂表面扩散途径非常短时才能形成足够的流速,并在钌表面被表面含氧物种氧化成CO2,使铂表面被重新活化.  相似文献   

3.
取Li_7H和Li_9H两个原子簇模拟氢原子与含台阶的金属锂表面的相互作用,以小基组用abinitio方法计算了体系的吸附和表面扩散势能面(或势能曲线),结果表明:(1)对Li_7H体系,台阶面附近沿垂直于边棱方向存在三种不同的桥位吸附位,最稳定的吸附位在上台面接近台阶边棱处,台阶面显著地改变了表面扩散活化能,台阶边棱处有一个较高的势垒,于是,迁移原子将会在台阶边棱处受到反射,并可被捕获于台阶面上及其附近,由势能面确定了最低能量表面扩散途径,(2)对Li_9H体系,在Li_7H原子簇基础上增加次表面层两个锂原子后,表面扩散活化能略有减小,氢原子在上台面的桥位吸附更趋稳定,各吸附位相对稳定性及势垒几何位置几无改变,这些结果显示了台阶面对氢原子的化学吸附和表面扩散发生扰动,台阶边棱对表面扩散起着重要作用。  相似文献   

4.
取Li7H和Li9H两个原子簇模拟氢原子与含台阶的金属锂表面的相互作用, 以小基组用ab initip方法计算了体系的吸附和表面扩散势能面(或势能曲线)。结果表明: (1)对Li7H体系, 台阶面附近沿垂直边棱方向存在三种不同的桥位吸附位, 最稳定的吸附位在上台面接近台阶边棱处, 台阶面显著地改变了表面扩散活化能, 台阶边棱处有一个较高的势垒。于是, 迁移原子将会在台阶边棱处受到反射, 并可被捕获于台阶面上及其附近。由势能面确定了最低能量表面扩散途径。(2)对Li9H体系, 在Li7H原子簇基础上增加次表面层两个锂原子后, 表面扩散活化能略有减小, 氢原子在上台面的桥位吸附更趋稳定, 各吸附位相对稳定性及势垒内何位置几无改变, 这些结果显示了台阶面对氢原子的化学吸附和表面扩散发生扰动, 台阶边棱对表面扩散起着重要作用。  相似文献   

5.
本文用对势方法研究了氢原子在Ni(510)台阶面上的吸附和振动, 计算结果与实验符合得很好。并考察了氢原子在Ni(997)台阶面上的吸附和扩散, 结果表明,台阶对下台面上扩散的氢原子开成捕获势阱, 对上台面扩散的氢原子形成反射势,这也很好地支持了实验结果。  相似文献   

6.
用MonteCarlo方法研究了非均相催化剂表面吸附态氢原子的迁移对催化反应活性的影响,模拟结果表明,吸附态氢原子扩散很慢时,表面活性位很快被氢原子饱和,转换频率TOF增大到一定程度时很快下降;而当表面吸附态氢原子的扩散速率达到足够大的程度时,TOF将不再受氢原子扩散的影响.  相似文献   

7.
表面扩散对CO氧化反应一级相变点的影响:蒙特卡罗模拟   总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4  
CO氧化反应无论在化学工业还是在环境保护化学中都占有重要一席,特别是它常被用作研究多相催化反应基本过程的模型反应.研究表明,这一反应体系具有复杂的动力学行为,其中包括表面吸附物种的动力学相变、速率振荡和催化剂表面的结构重排等四人们还发现,当CO和O。按化学计量  相似文献   

8.
主要研究纳米碳纤维(CNF)的表面改性对析氢反应(HER)催化活性的影响. 首先采用一种简单易行的超声处理方法, 以混酸(浓硫酸和浓硝酸)为溶剂对CNF进行了表面化学处理, 以在其表面引入含氧(CNF-OX)官能团, 然后将CNF-OX在氨水中超声处理, 以引入含氮(CNF-ON)官能团, 以及将CNF-OX和硼酸混合经高温热解对CNF-OX进行掺B处理(B-CNF-OX). XPS结果表明, 超声处理可以成功地在CNF表面引入含氧和含氮官能团, 硼酸高温处理可以掺入B原子. 电化学测试结果表明, 经过表面改性后的CNF的HER催化性能都要好于未处理过的CNF-UN, 其中N掺杂的CNF-ON表现出最好的HER催化活性, 且CNF-OX经掺B处理后, B-CNF-OX的性能也较CNF-OX有所增强, 即三者的催化活性大小如下: CNF-OX  相似文献   

9.
研究了不同粒径的纳米银对镝配合物(乙二胺四乙酸配合物)的光谱学性质影响。当配合物溶液的pH值范围为4.0~6.0时,加入纳米银,可观察到大量的纳米银聚集体形成,而在吸收光谱的长波处出现一个新的吸收峰,随着纳米银浓度的增加,该吸收峰逐渐红移,同时,镝配合物的荧光强度增强。实验结果表明,纳米银粒子对镝配合物的荧光增强效应及荧光增强因子与纳米银粒子的浓度和粒径密切相关。随着纳米银浓度的增加,配合物的荧光强度先增强而后又逐渐降低。小粒径的纳米银对镝配合物的荧光增强因子较小。本文从纳米银粒子的聚集效应、局部电磁场增强效应及光吸收效应等方面探讨了纳米银对表面吸附镝配合物的+荧光增强效应机理。  相似文献   

10.
以平衡吸附过氧钨酸的水合氧化锆为前驱体,经焙烧得到WO_3-ZrO_2固体酸,并采用XRD、UV-vis、NH_3-TPD等手段考察了过氧钨酸吸附液浓度及焙烧温度对WO_3-ZrO_2固体酸组成、结构及酸性的影响。通过BET、H_2-TPR、H_2-TPD等表征手段和正戊烷临氢异构反应,考察了负载铂后相应催化剂的结构、还原与氢吸附性质及其催化正戊烷临氢异构反应的性能。结果表明,焙烧温度为700℃时,随着吸附液浓度的增加,所得载体酸度及相应催化剂比表面积均先增加后减小,且在吸附液浓度为82 mmol W/L时达到最大值。吸附液浓度为59 mmol W/L时,随着焙烧温度的升高,所得载体四方相氧化锆含量、酸度及相应催化剂比表面积均降低。吸附液浓度为82 mmol W/L、焙烧温度为700℃所得载体负载0.5%(质量分数)铂后催化活性最高。该催化剂在250℃常压临氢操作、n(H_2)/n(n-C_5H_(12))为3、WHSV为1.0 h~(-1)的条件下,催化正戊烷异构反应中异戊烷收率可达57.7%。  相似文献   

11.
The photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (PHER) has gained much attention as a promising strategy for the generation of clean energy. As opposed to conventional hydrogen evolution strategies (steam methane reforming, electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution, etc.), the PHER is an environmentally friendly and sustainable method for converting solar energy into H2 energy. However, the PHER remains unsuitable for industrial applications because of efficiency losses in three critical steps: light absorption, carrier separation, and surface reaction. In the past four decades, the processes responsible for these efficiency losses have been extensively studied. First, light absorption is the principal factor deciding the performance of most photocatalysts, and it is closely related to band-gap structure of photocatalysts. However, most of the existing photocatalysts have a wide bandgap, indicating a narrow light absorption range, which restricts the photocatalytic efficiency. Therefore, searching for novel semiconductors with a narrow bandgap and broadening the light absorption range of known photocatalysts is an important research direction. Second, only the photogenerated electrons and holes that migrate to the photocatalyst surface can participate in the reaction with H2O, whereas most of the photogenerated electrons and holes readily recombine with one another in the bulk phase of the photocatalysts. Hence, tremendous effort has been undertaken to shorten the charge transfer distance and enhance the electric conductivity of photocatalysts for improving the separation and transfer efficiency of photogenerated carriers. Third, the surface redox reaction is also an important process. Because water oxidation is a four-electron process, sluggish O2 evolution is the bottleneck in photocatalytic water splitting. The unreacted holes can easily recombine with electrons. Sacrificial agents are widely used in most catalytic systems to suppress charge carrier recombination by scavenging the photogenerated holes. Moreover, the low H2 evolution efficiency of most photocatalysts has encouraged researchers to introduce highly active sites on the photocatalyst surface. Based on the abovementioned three steps, multifarious strategies have been applied to modulate the physicochemical properties of semiconductor photocatalysts with the aim of improving the light absorption efficiency, suppressing carrier recombination, and accelerating the kinetics of surface reactions. The strategies include defect generation, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), element doping, heterojunction fabrication, and cocatalyst loading. An in-depth study of these strategies provides guidance for the design of efficient photocatalysts. In this review, we focus on the mechanism and application of these strategies for optimizing light absorption, carrier separation and transport, and surface reactions. Furthermore, we provide a critical view on the promising trends toward the construction of advanced catalysts for H2 evolution.  相似文献   

12.
    
The exploitation of transition metal phosphates (TMPs)-based catalysts with excellent activity and stability toward both oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) for water electrolysis is imperative but challenging. Herein, we report a novel heterostructured Ni2P−Fe2P−Co2P−Ni5P4 nanorods derived from a NiFe LDH@ZIF-67 precatalyst on 3D self-supported Ni foam (NiFeCoP/NF) for water electrolysis. Owing to systematically engineering the composition, structure, and morphology of catalyst, which not only increase the intrinsic activity and create more accessible catalytic activity centers, but also accelerate electron transfer and promote the gas release, the designed NiFeCoP/NF achieves synergistically enhanced catalytic performance towards OER and HER. The as-prepared NiFeCoP/NF electrode exhibits excellent activities with low overpotentials of 244.2 mV for OER and 167.5 mV for HER, respectively to reach a current density of 100 mA cm−2 in 1.0 KOH solution, as well as outstanding stability for 140 h at 500 mA cm−2. Additionally, a water electrolysis device constructed with the NiFeCoP/NF electrode as both the anode and cathode only needs a low cell voltage of 1.564 V to achieve 30 mA cm−2. This work presents a viable way for developing the high catalytic performance of TMPs-based bifunctional electrocatalysts via designing and regulating the electronic structure and morphology.  相似文献   

13.
This review aims at presenting recent findings in the understanding of oxygen and hydrogen electrocatalysis in alkaline electrolytes that are key processes for the emergence of sustainable energy storage and conversion devices such as anion exchange membrane fuel cells and electrolyzers. In these systems, the exchange of electrons through electrochemical reactions provides a unique pathway to reversibly convert the electricity vector into chemical one: hydrogen. A concise and critical review of advances made during the last past years in the design of catalysts is provided. Challenges and opportunities for the development of the next catalyst generation are also addressed.  相似文献   

14.
This Paper describes an experimental method that established a local Pt/Nafion interface on the Platinum Plane, so that the boundary conditions and the initial condition of the (diffusion equation about the diffusion of adsorbed hydrogen atom the platinum plane can be controlled. The average diffusion coefficient of underpotential deposition of hydrogen on a surface of platinum was obained for the first time and D=1.50 ×10-4cm2•s-1.The accuracy of the datum was discussed.  相似文献   

15.
氢能作为零碳排放能源是被公认的最清洁能源之一,如何有效可持续地产氢是未来人类步入氢能经济首先要解决的问题。电解水技术基于电化学分解水的原理,利用可再生电能或太阳能驱动水分解为氢气和氧气,被认为是最有前途和可持续性的产氢途径。然而,无论是光解水还是电解水,均需要高活性、高稳定性的非贵金属氢析出和氧析出催化剂以使水电解反应经济节能。本文介绍了我们研究所近三年在水电解方面的研究进展,其中着重介绍了:(ⅰ)氢析出催化剂,包括利用低温磷化过渡金属(氢)氧化物的方法制备过渡金属磷化物,同时过渡金属硫化物、硒化物以及碳化物等均被成功合成并被应用为有效的阴极析氢催化剂;(ⅱ)氧析出催化剂,主要包括金属磷化物、硫化物、氧化物/氢氧化物等;(ⅲ)双功能催化剂,主要包括过渡金属磷化物、硒化物、硫化物等。最后,总结展望了发展水电解非贵金属催化剂所面临的挑战与未来发展方向。  相似文献   

16.
负载型金属纳米催化剂由于其优异的光催化性能,被广泛应用于光催化产氢协同胺类氧化偶联合成高附加值亚胺体系。但在反应过程中,金属表面对H原子和亚胺表现出较强的吸附能力,导致了亚胺易于发生自氢化反应而生成仲胺,显著降低了亚胺的选择性。在本文中,我们证实了在Pd/Ti O2表面构建超薄碳层(Pd/Ti O2@C)是一种解决上述问题的有效策略。在Pd/Ti O2表面构筑的超薄碳层可以有效调控H原子和亚胺在其表面的吸附行为,避免了光催化氧化偶联过程中亚胺的自氢化。因此,Pd/Ti O2@C光催化剂在光催化产氢协同胺类选择性氧化合成亚胺体系中展现出优异的亚胺选择性。本研究提供了一种便捷有效的策略推动负载型金属纳米催化剂在光催化产氢协同合成高附加值产物体系中的应用。  相似文献   

17.
Electrocatalysts are the cores of many electrochemical reactions including hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), and CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Recent advances in research have demonstrated the potentials of molybdenum carbide-based catalysts for these reactions arising out of their unique electronic structure and physicochemical properties. In this review, we systematically summarize the recent advances of molybdenum carbide-based catalysts in these electrochemical processes. The corresponding synthesis strategies, structure and electrocatalytic performance of the catalysts are discussed and the relationships of the process-structure-property are highlighted. In addition, the catalytic mechanisms are analyzed based on the structure characterization and theoretical calculations results. Finally, the existing challenges and future perspectives are put forward for further development of molybdenum carbide-based catalysts.  相似文献   

18.
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号