两点边值问题的小波配点法

根据多分辨分析,提出用任意连续的尺度函数构造区间上的插值基函数,形成以尺度函数为基础的求解两点边值问题的小波配点法.该方法中,尺度函数不受紧支撑、插值等性质的限制,计算复杂度小,数值解收敛性由多分辨分析理论保证.同时,给出边值条件的积分处理方法,能够方便地处理任意边界条件,当尺度函数不具有高阶导数时,该方法也能有效使用.数值算例表明,该方法是一个高效、高精度的算法.     

具有非线性homologous变形约束的桁架结构形态分析

研究了具有非线性homologous变形约束条件的桁架结构形态分析问题。在已有的线性homologous变形约束桁架形态分析的基础上,将结构的节点分成三类:homologous变形约束节点,形状可变节点和边界点。运用Moore-Penrose广义逆矩阵性质,将基础方程组解的存在条件表示为包含形状可变节点未知坐标的非线性方程组,为采用Newton-Raphson方法求解非线性方程组,对AA (A为任意矩阵,A 为A的Moore-Penrose广义逆矩阵)求偏导数,找到了满足保型要求的形态,给出的桁架算例说明了本文方法的有效性。     

A perturbation technique for solving boundary value problems arising in the electrodynamics of conducting bodies

The electrodynamics of wave reflection from conducting media lead to difficult mathematical problems because of the matching conditions which must be met at the interface between conductors and nonconductors. Simplified boundary conditions have been proposed by Leontovitch and others which considerably simplify certain of the mathematical problems. We discuss the Leontovitch condition together with certain of its shortcomings and present a new method which overcomes some of the difficulties of the Leontovitch condition. The new method is a perturbation away from infinite conductivity which allows the solution of electrodynamics problems to be calculated to any order of accuracy in the quantity (ωε/σ)^1/2 for some important cases. An instance in which the perturbation method fails is also discussed.     

Mesh Deformation Method Based on Mean Value Coordinates Interpolation

Mesh deformation technique is widely used in many application fields, and has received a lot of attentions in recent years. This paper focuses on the methodology and algorithm of algebraic type mesh deformation for unstructured mesh in numerical discretization. To preserve mesh quality effectively, an algebraic approach for two and three dimensional unstructured mesh is developed based on mean value coordinates interpolation combined with node visibility analysis.The proposed approach firstly performs node visibility analysis to find out the visible boundary for each grid point to be moved, then evaluates the mean value coordinates of each grid point with respect to all vertices on its visible boundary. Thus the displacements of grid points can be calculated by interpolating the boundary movement by the mean value coordinates. Compared with other methods, the proposed method has good deformation capability and predictable computational cost, with no need to select parameters or functions. Applications of mesh deformation in different fields are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results of numerical experiments exhibit not only superior deformation capability of the method in traditional applications of fluid dynamic grid, but also great potential in modeling for large deformation analysis and inverse design problems.     

A method for solving the factorized vorticity-stream function equations by finite elements

A new finite element method for solving the time-dependent incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with general boundary conditions is presented. The two second-order partial differential equations for the vorticity and the stream function are factorized, apart from the non-linear advection term, by eliminating the coupling due to the double specification on the stream function at (a part of) the boundary. This is achieved by reducing the no-slip boundary conditions to projection integral conditions for the vorticity field and by evaluating the relevant quantities involved according to an extension of the method of Glowinski and Pironneau for the biharmonic problem. Time integration schemes and iterative algorithms are introduced which require the solution only of banded linear systems of symmetric type. The proposed finite element formulation is compared with its finite difference equivalent by means of a few numerical examples. The results obtained using 4-noded bilinear elements provide an illustration of the superiority of the finite element based spatial discretization.     

一种新型高鲁棒性动网格技术及其应用

首先对四元数进行李代数空间指数映射,解决了多个四元数插值问题,并结合距离倒数插值方法实现网格边界扰动向空间网格的传播,建立了新型高鲁棒性的四元数变形网格技术. 针对该型动网格技术中由于大型矩阵运算量引起的运算效率低问题,同时利用四元数方法在动网格变形中具备与物面边界高阶一致性的特点,提出了分层次变形策略,避免了面向全流场网格节点的大型矩阵运算;进一步基于无限插值技术较强的逻辑保持能力,建立了面向结构网格分层混合变形方法. 充分利用多区域重叠、对接网格变形技术中隐含的并行性,基于对等式编程思想及MPI 库函数对动网格程序进行并行化编程,建立了高效高鲁棒性的变形网格技术. 以某型客机翼身组合体气动弹性分析为范例,研究了不同方法之间的计算效率以及鲁棒性,进一步将分层混合变形网格技术应用于某型支线客机全机型架外形设计与修正,验证了所建立的新型动网格技术的高效性与鲁棒性.      

改进的SPH边界处理方法与土体大变形模拟

沙土滑坡往往会造成重大的人身财产损失,研究这类土体大变形问题对防灾工程具有指导意义。光滑粒子流体动力学SPH（Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics）方法是一种拉格朗日型无网格粒子法,十分适用于模拟大变形问题。在SPH方法中,合适的边界处理方法一直是个难点,传统的边界虚粒子法或排斥力法较难模拟复杂边界。本文引入了一种能处理任意形状边界的方法——统一半解析壁面边界条件处理方法USAW（unified semi-analytical wall boundary conditions）,通过在控制方程中引入修正因子并保留边界面积分项来弥补边界缺失。为了更准确模拟问题域边界,提出无质量边界粒子的新概念。利用该方法成功模拟了土体滑坡算例,验证了方法的可靠性,并避免了边界零粒子层问题。通过数值模拟,分析了内摩擦角和黏聚力等土体物性参数对滑坡过程的影响。最后,应用该方法研究了滑坡冲击楔形体时的压力响应。     

Strong-form framework for solving boundary value problems with geometric nonlinearity

In this paper, we present a strong-form framework for solving the boundary value problems with geometric nonlinearity, in which an incremental theory is developed for the problem based on the Newton-Raphson scheme. Conventionally, the finite element methods (FEMs) or weak-form based meshfree methods have often been adopted to solve geometric nonlinear problems. However, issues, such as the mesh dependency, the numerical integration, and the boundary imposition, make these approaches computationally inefficient. Recently, strong-form collocation methods have been called on to solve the boundary value problems. The feasibility of the collocation method with the nodal discretization such as the radial basis collocation method (RBCM) motivates the present study. Due to the limited application to the nonlinear analysis in a strong form, we formulate the equation of equilibrium, along with the boundary conditions, in an incremental-iterative sense using the RBCM. The efficacy of the proposed framework is numerically demonstrated with the solution of two benchmark problems involving the geometric nonlinearity. Compared with the conventional weak-form formulation, the proposed framework is advantageous as no quadrature rule is needed in constructing the governing equation, and no mesh limitation exists with the deformed geometry in the incremental-iterative process.     

On the asymptotic boundary conditions of an anisotropic beam via virtual work principle

In this research, an efficient and effective method is proposed to derive the boundary conditions of an anisotropic beam in the asymptotic sense. We first set up the constrained virtual work by introducing the Lagrange multiplier on the displacement prescribed boundary. The macroscopic beam and microscopic cross-section equations with the boundary conditions are simultaneously obtained by taking the asymptotic expansion on the displacement vector. In this way, the three-dimensional characteristics of the beam are asymptotically smeared into the macroscopic beam equations and the beam boundary conditions. The boundary conditions obtained are then compared to those from the decay analysis method. The beam bending slope boundary condition obtained in the frame work of variational principle is different from the well-known average condition. This new boundary condition is more accurate than the average one for a sandwich beam. This is further demonstrated and discussed via the examples of a cantilever beam loaded at the end.     

A new approach for solving mixed boundary value problems along holes in orthotropic plates

A new analytical method for solving mixed boundary value problems along holes in composite plates is presented. This addresses problems, where a part of the hole boundary is stress-free, and the other part is subjected to displacement or/and load boundary conditions. The present approach simplifies and speeds up the numerical calculations for the implementation of the boundary conditions by deriving stress functions, which automatically satisfy the stress-free boundary condition over a part of the hole boundary. Only the boundary conditions on the loaded part of the hole need, therefore, to be enforced, typically by a numerical technique such as collocation. Application of this method to orthotropic laminates with a pin-loaded hole problem is discussed.     

Mesh deformation based on artificial neural networks

In the article a new mesh deformation algorithm based on artificial neural networks is introduced. This method is a point-to-point method, meaning that it does not use connectivity information for calculation of the mesh deformation. Two already known point-to-point methods, based on interpolation techniques, are also presented. In contrast to the two known interpolation methods, the new method does not require a summation over all boundary nodes for one displacement calculation. The consequence of this fact is a shorter computational time of mesh deformation, which is proven by different deformation tests. The quality of the deformed meshes with all three deformation methods was also compared. Finally, the generated and the deformed three-dimensional meshes were used in the computational fluid dynamics numerical analysis of a Francis water turbine. A comparison of the analysis results was made to prove the applicability of the new method in every day computation.     

一种基于径向基函数的两步法网格变形策略

基于径向基函数(RBF) 的网格变形方法是一种可靠的网格变形技术,对于任意拓扑的网格都能获得高质量的变形网格. 缩减控制点的RBF 网格变形方法可以大幅提高网格变形效率,但也存在变形后物面误差较大、边界层网格交错的问题. 在缩减控制点方法的基础上,提出了一种适合于带有边界层的黏性网格变形的方法,该方法从物面中选择两组控制点,利用其中一组控制点粗略计算变形后网格位置及变形误差,利用第二组控制点与变形误差插值得到更为精确的变形网格. 利用该方法完成带襟翼的NLR 7301 二维构型和带发动机短舱的DLR F6 翼身组合体的网格变形问题,结果表明该方法可以较大幅度降低变形网格的物面误差,并且有效避免边界层网格交错问题.      

二维弹性新型快速多极虚边界元的最小二乘法

在虚边界元最小二乘法的方程求解中采用新型的快速多极展开和广义极小残值法,提出了一种二维弹性新型快速多极虚边界元最小二乘法的求解思想。基于二维弹性问题原有的快速多极虚边界元最小二乘法的展开格式,通过引入对角化的概念,以更新展开传递格式;相对于原有快速多极算法,该方法可进一步提高计算效率且仍能保证具有较高的计算精度。数值算例说明了该方法的可行性、计算效率、计算精度均较高。     

基于背景网格变形的动态网格移动方法

基于Delaunay背景网格插值技术的动态网格生成方法无需迭代计算,效率较高。但对复杂构形大幅运动的动边界问题,尤其当边界大幅转动时,背景网格极易交叉重叠。重新生成背景网格和重新定位网格节点信息不仅费时而且会导致网格质量的严重下降。本文提出改进的基于背景网格的动态网格变形方法,通过在初始Delaunay背景网格中添加辅助点,生成一层新的背景网格和新的映射关系;采用ball-vertex弹簧法驱动新背景网格的变形,进而牵动目标网格的变形。算例表明,本文提出的动态网格变形方法对所关心区域的网格具有良好保形性,边界可转动更大角度而不会出现网格交叉重叠问题,总体上提高了动态网格更新的效率和质量。     

变截面压杆稳定非线性微分方程边值问题的最优化算法研究

针对任意约束类型的变截面受压杆件的稳定临界载荷计算问题,结合非线性微分方程数值算法和最优化方法,以起点边界的初始条件、待求临界荷载和附加约束力为设计变量;以终点边值条件满足的函数关系与位型条件构建目标函数,提出变截面压杆临界载荷和稳定位型的优化求解算法。应用VB编制通用的优化计算程序,分析了典型算例;通过对比发现,本文以较少设计变量实现了临界载荷的高精度计算,为工程应用提供参考。     

Nonlinear dynamic analysis of Timoshenko beams by BEM. Part II: applications and validation

In this two-part contribution, a boundary element method is developed for the nonlinear dynamic analysis of beams of arbitrary doubly symmetric simply or multiply connected constant cross section, undergoing moderate large displacements and small deformations under general boundary conditions, taking into account the effects of shear deformation and rotary inertia. In Part I the governing equations of the aforementioned problem have been derived, leading to the formulation of five boundary value problems with respect to the transverse displacements, to the axial displacement and to two stress functions. These problems are numerically solved using the Analog Equation Method, a BEM based method. In this Part II, numerical examples are worked out to illustrate the efficiency, the accuracy and the range of applications of the developed method. Thus, the results obtained from the proposed method are presented as compared with those from both analytical and numerical research efforts from the literature. More specifically, the shear deformation effect in nonlinear free vibration analysis, the influence of geometric nonlinearities in forced vibration analysis, the shear deformation effect in nonlinear forced vibration analysis, the nonlinear dynamic analysis of Timoshenko beams subjected to arbitrary axial and transverse in both directions loading, the free vibration analysis of Timoshenko beams with very flexible boundary conditions and the stability under axial loading (Mathieu problem) are presented and discussed through examples of practical interest.

     

A deterministic vortex method for solving the Navier-Stokes equations

In this paper, a new 2-D vortex method is developed, which treats the vorticity diffusion in a deterministical way. The Laplacian operator, which describes vorticity diffusion, is approximated by a contour integral. The numerical results of two model problems show that this method has a good accuracy. A primary error estimation is given, and the self-adaptive vortex blob and the boundary conditions are discussed. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Interface transport scheme of a two‐phase flow by the method of characteristics

In this paper, we study an interface transport scheme of a two‐phase flow of an incompressible viscous immiscible fluid. The problem is discretized by the characteristics method in time and finite elements method in space. The interface is captured by the level set function. Appropriate boundary conditions for the problem of mold filling are investigated, a new natural boundary condition under pressure effect for the transport equation is proposed, and an algorithm for computing the solution is presented. Finally, numerical experiments show and validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Finite element method for shallow water equation including open boundary condition

A method to deal with an open boundary condition in the analysis of water surface waves, the tide, etc. by means of the finite element method is proposed in this paper. The present method has two important features relating to the treatment of the open boundary condition. The first feature is to consider the non-reflective virtual boundary condition which has been developed in the numerical wave analysis method. The incident wave conditions without spurious reflected waves can be imposed at the open boundary. The second feature is to identify the amplitude of the components of incident waves in terms of observed water elevations in the field of standing waves. This can be done as a parameter identification based on an optimization problem by applying the conjugate gradient method. The applicability of this method to wave propagation problems is verified by several numerical computations.     

A mass‐conservative staggered immersed boundary model for solving the shallow water equations on complex geometries

In this work, an approach is proposed for solving the 3D shallow water equations with embedded boundaries that are not aligned with the underlying horizontal Cartesian grid. A hybrid cut‐cell/ghost‐cell method is used together with a direction‐splitting implicit solver: Ghost cells are used for the momentum equations in order to prescribe the correct boundary condition at the immersed boundary, while cut cells are used in the continuity equation in order to conserve mass. The resulting scheme is robust, does not suffer any time step limitation for small cut cells, and conserves fluid mass up to machine precision. Moreover, the solver displays a second‐order spatial accuracy, both globally and locally. Comparisons with analytical solutions and reference numerical solutions on curvilinear grids confirm the quality of the method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.