Research on the Inelastic Seismic Responses of Shear-Type Multistory Buildings with Regular Asymmetry

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基于Liapunov理论的结构非线性振动的混合控制

研究了地震激励下高层建筑进入塑性阶段后，结构非线性振动的混合控制问题。高层建筑简化为剪力墙形式，具有非线性滞变恢复力。采用被动基础隔振和主动控制力相结合的策略，对结构的非线性振动进行混合控制。基于Liapunov第二法，从系统的能量角度出发进行稳定性分析，找到控制系统的Liapunov函数，本着工程抗震设计中安全与经济的原则，应用允许结构反应进入非线性或塑性阶段的理论，判定所提出的混合控制方法具有Liapunov意义下的稳定。     

The analysis of the translation-torsion coupling earthquake responses of single-story eccentric factory buldings with consideration of roof whole-space-work

In this paper, the translation-torsion coupling earthquake responses. of single-story ecoentric factory buildings with consideration of whole-space-work of the roof in 3-dimension non-inertia system are analysed and studied; and its calculation model has been established. And what is more, corresponding motion equations of earthquake responses have been derived, analysed and discussed. And it points out that under the action of the earthquake including rotational component, the principle of superposition of independent action for each earthquake component and mode-superposition method of dynamic responses analysis are already not applicable. In this paper, the translation-torsion coupling earthquake responses of some single-story eccentric factory building are calculated and analysed by comparison methods without consideration of the earthquake torsional component. The conclusion is that when whole-space-work of the roof is considered, the results of calculation are more conformable to the actual carthquake damage. Moreover, this paper gives its simplified method for calculation and conditions in which the deformation of the roof can be neglected.     

Secondary torsional moment deformation effect in inelastic nonuniform torsion of bars of doubly symmetric cross section by BEM

In this paper a boundary element method is developed for the inelastic nonuniform torsional problem of simply or multiply connected prismatic bars of arbitrarily shaped doubly symmetric cross section, taking into account the secondary torsional moment deformation effect. The bar is subjected to arbitrarily distributed or concentrated torsional loading along its length, while its edges are subjected to the most general torsional boundary conditions. A displacement based formulation is developed and inelastic redistribution is modeled through a distributed plasticity model exploiting three dimensional material constitutive laws and numerical integration over the cross sections. An incremental–iterative solution strategy is adopted to resolve the elastic and plastic part of stress resultants along with an efficient iterative process to integrate the inelastic rate equations. The one dimensional primary angle of twist per unit length, a two dimensional secondary warping function and a scalar torsional shear correction factor are employed to account for the secondary torsional moment deformation effect. The latter is computed employing an energy approach under elastic conditions. Three boundary value problems with respect to (i) the primary warping function, (ii) the secondary warping one and (iii) the total angle of twist coupled with its primary part per unit length are formulated and numerically solved employing the boundary element method. Domain discretization is required only for the third problem, while shear locking is avoided through the developed numerical technique. Numerical results are worked out to illustrate the method, demonstrate its efficiency and wherever possible its accuracy.     

Inelastic seismic demand of low-rise buildings with soil-flexibility

Relying on the ductile behaviour of structures during earthquake, building codes introduce response reduction factors (R) to reduce design forces in earthquake resistant design. However, applicability of such factors has not been systematically explored for low-rise buildings with stiff periods. Present study is an attempt to address this issue. Both elasto-plastic and degrading hysteresis behaviour for lateral load-resisting structural elements are considered herein, while sub-soil is idealized as linear and elasto-plastic in parallel. The study recognizes that inelastic response for short period systems is very sensitive to R and may be phenomenally amplified even for small R due to soil-structure interaction implying restrictive applicability of dual-design philosophy. Limited study on the plan-asymmetric low-rise buildings depicts that inelastic response of the asymmetric structure relative to its symmetric counterpart is not appreciably influenced due to soil-structure interaction (SSI). The study also confirms that equivalent single story model characterized by the lowest period rather than the fundamental one of the real system tends to yield conservative estimation of inelastic demand at least for the short-period systems.     

考虑车辆随机停放的停车楼减震设计与可靠度分析

在停车楼的设计中通常将车辆荷载以活荷载的方式均匀分布到结构上,实际上受车辆随机停放的影响,停车楼结构整体质量中心偏移,一旦结构遭遇罕遇地震时,车辆的随机停放可能造成停车楼结构发生扭转破坏.本文在传统减震设计方法的基础上考虑车辆活荷载的随机性,并从可靠度的角度验算减震结构在大震作用下的倒塌概率.结果表明,相同的减震设计布...     

抗震结构的模糊随机反应及模糊可靠性分析

本文研究抗震结构模糊随机反应的计算方法,合理地考虑了地震作用的随机性及地震烈度、场地土分类和破坏界限内可靠性分析方法。     

Approximate MPA-based method for performing incremental dynamic analysis

In performance based earthquake engineering, it is important to accurately predict the seismic demand and capacities of structures. One recent estimation method is incremental dynamic analysis (IDA), which requires a series of nonlinear response history analyses (RHA) of the structure under various ground motions, each scaled to multiple levels of intensity, selected to cover entire range of structural response from elasticity, to yield and finally global dynamic instability. The implementation of IDA requires intensive computation and detailed knowledge of the nonlinear RHA of structures. In response to the complexity of IDA, an approximate method based on modal pushover analysis (MPA-based IDA) was developed. In MPA-based IDA, seismic demands are computed using the nonlinear RHA of the equivalent SDF systems instead of using nonlinear RHA of MDF systems. The objective of this study is to develop a simpler MPA-based IDA procedure that can avoid nonlinear RHA of equivalent SDF systems. For this purpose, MPA-based IDA employs the empirical equation of the inelastic displacement ratio (C _R ), defined as the ratio of peak displacement of the inelastic SDF system to that of the corresponding elastic SDF system given the strength ratio R, and that of the collapse strength ratio (R _c), which is the ratio of collapse intensity to yield strength. The proposed procedure is verified by comparing the seismic demands and capacities of 6-, 9-, and 20-story steel moment frames as determined by the proposed method and exact IDA.     

滩海区人工岛场地地震安全性评价

本文以辽河口滩海区人工岛场地为例, 从区域地震地质、近场区地震地质、区域地震活动等方面, 讨论了滩海区人工岛基本地震地质环境特点, 在此基础上, 完成场地地震烈度、地震设防参数、场地地震地质灾害等影响人工岛场地安全性的因素评价。结果说明, 从场地地震安全性角度, 本文所评价的场地, 对人工岛兴建是适宜的。     

Closed-form super element method for tall buildings of irregular geometry

Acquiring insight in the structural behaviour of tall buildings of irregular geometry is challenging. The contribution of the shaft torsional rigidity and the in-plane floor stiffness are difficult to model. At discrete changes in geometry, disturbances occur in the force flow, whose magnitude and influence field are difficult to estimate and whose influence may not be disregarded. FEM programs provide a quick result for a particular building, but cannot answer the general question how the building response is governed by decisive structural parameters. In this paper, this want is supplied by developing a closed-form super element method for two frequently occurring building types. The building is divided in a very small number of super elements. Only at the heights where changes in properties of the building occur, a node between super elements is introduced. For each super element the stiffness matrix and load vector is derived on basis of a set of simultaneous differential, resulting in closed-form solutions. The foundation stiffness is accounted for. The primary aim of the presented super element method is to increase understanding of the structural behaviour of irregular tall buildings.     

两向地震波的输入方向对平—扭耦联系统动力反应的影响

本文按有限输入方向计算并采用线性予测的方法讨论了两向地震对平-扭耦联系统动力反应的影响.通过实例计算说明:弹塑性结构受地震波输入方向的影响显著大于相应弹性结构.对弹塑性结构而言,在本质上不存在确定不变的最不利地震波输入方向.     

基于ABAQUS的超高层建筑动力弹塑性抗震分析Dynamic elasto-plastic seismic analysis for a super high-rise building based on ABAQUS

某国际金融中心超高层建筑共113层,结构高度423 m。首先,利用S A P2000软件建立结构的有限元模型,通过基于C＃语言开发的导航式接口程序TJU ．SAP2ABAQUS将SAP2000模型转换为 ABAQUS模型。然后,依据规范进行7°多遇、基本和罕遇地震作用下的弹塑性时程分析。最后,模拟了超大震作用下该超高层结构的破坏过程。结果表明,（1）不同强度地震作用下结构的层间位移角均能满足规范限值要求。（2）罕遇地震作用下,结构满足大震不倒的抗震设防要求且有较高的安全储备。（3）超大震作用下,结构竖向刚度变化位置是结构潜在的薄弱部位,在抗震设计时应给予重点关注。     

基于无单元法的平面框架地震反应分析

无单元法在动力计算领域中的应用目前多以梁、板等简单构件的自振特性分析为主,对建筑结构的动力计算,尤其是地震反应分析尚未涉及.文中推导了无单元法的离散动力方程,以轴力杆、欧拉梁模型为基础,将简单构件的无单元动力计算推进到实际结构的地震反应分析,并给出了数值实现的基本流程.最后以一个十一层钢筋混凝土高层结构为算例,实现了多层多跨平面框架的无单元地震反应分析,达到了预期的效果,验证了无单元法应用于平面框架地震反应分析的可行性和有效性.     

A frictional mortar contact approach for the analysis of large inelastic deformation problems

A multibody frictional mortar contact formulation (Gitterle et al., 2010) is extended for the simulation of solids undergoing finite strains with inelastic material behavior. The framework includes the modeling of finite strain inelastic deformation, the numerical treatment of frictional contact conditions and specific finite element technology. Several well-established and recent models are employed for each of these building blocks to capture the distinct physical aspects of the deformation behavior. The approach is based on a mortar formulation and the enforcement of contact constraints is realized with dual Lagrange multipliers. The introduction of nonlinear complementarity functions into the frictional contact conditions combined with the global equilibrium leads to a system of nonlinear equations, which is solved in terms of the semi-smooth Newton method. The resulting method can be interpreted as a primal–dual active set strategy (PDASS) which deals with contact nonlinearities, material and geometrical nonlinearities in one iterative scheme. The consistent linearization of all building blocks of the framework yields a robust and highly efficient approach for the analysis of metal forming problems. The effect of finite inelastic strains on the solution behavior of the PDASS method is examined in detail based on the complementarity parameters. A comprehensive set of numerical examples is presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the approach against the traditional node-to-segment penalty contact formulation.     

升船机结构抗震可靠度分析中若干问题的探讨

本文基于结构随机振动理论和首次超越破坏机制，以某大型升船机建筑结构为背景，应用三维有限元方法，首先对升船机建筑结构的随机地震反应问题进行了计算。在此基础上，对在不同地震烈度下大型升船机建筑结构的抗震可靠度及界限值的随机性对结构抗震可靠度的影响等问题进行了分析，探讨了基于Poisson过程假定和基于Markov过程假定的可靠度在不同地震烈度下的适用性、以及确定性界限和随机性界限对可靠度结果的影响等问题，得到了一些有应用价值的结果。最后，对在8、9度地震烈度下大型升船机建筑结构抗震可靠度分析模型的选用提出了建议。     

On a modal damping identification model of building structures

The simple modal damping identification model of Hart and Vasudevan is generalized. The model works in the frequency domain and provides time-invariant modal damping ratios of building structures under seismic excitations in terms of modal participation factors and the roof-to-basement transfer function. Translational as well as torsional modes of vibration are considered. The performance of the model is assessed through a small, yet indicative, number of numerical examples involving steel plane and space frames under seismic excitations and on the basis of a number of criteria an ideal identification model should satisfy. It is concluded that the presented model, in spite of its simplicity, gives very good results for low-amplitude seismic excitations resulting in linear elastic structural behavior (with damping) even for cases of closely spaced modes, local modes, and very small or large amounts of damping. Some numerical pitfalls regarding the application of the model are mentioned and carefully treated. The limitations of the model when used in conjunction with inelastic structural behavior are determined and discussed. Experimental verification of the model is also provided.     

Torsional oscillations of an infinite plate in an elastico-viscous fluid

Summary The equations of motion of an infinite plate performing torsional oscillations in Walters elastico-viscous liquid B have been solved by expanding the velocity profile in powers of the amplitude of oscillation of the plate. The first order solution consists of a transverse velocity and the second-order solution gives a radial-axial flow composed of a steady part and a fluctuating part. The steady part of the radial flow does not vanish outside the boundary layer and hence the equations are solved by another approximate method for the steady part of the flow. The effects of the non-Newtonian term is to increase the non-dimensional boundary layer to start with and subsequently to decrease it and to increase the shearing stress at the plate. The steady radial and the steady axial velocities fall short of the inelastic flow in the beginning but later on their values lie above.     

调液阻尼器对结构扭转耦联振动控制的优化设计

提出了利用调液柱型阻尼器(Tuned Liquid Column Dampers,简称TLCD)和环形调液阻尼器(Circular Tuned Liquid Column Dampers,简称CTLCD)来控制偏心结构在多维地震作用下扭转耦联振动的方法。采用遗传算法,在双向地震作用下,对调液阻尼器的相关参数进行优化。选取了两种目标函数,一种只考虑最大的楼层反应,另一种考虑结构所有自由度的反应。用一个12层的偏心结构作为算例,进行优化计算,结果表明,采用第二种目标函数得到的阻尼器的参数,能有效降低结构的平动反应和扭转反应。     

Self-tuning fuzzy logic control of a non-linear structural system with ATMD against earthquake

Self-tuning fuzzy logic controllers (STFLC) for the active control of Marmara Kocaeli earthquake excited building structures are studied in this paper. Vibration control using intelligent controllers, such as fuzzy logic has attracted the attention of structural control engineers during the last few years, because fuzzy logic can handle nonlinearities, uncertainties, and heuristic knowledge effectively and easily. The improved seismic control performance can be achieved by converting a simply designed static gain into a real time variable dynamic gain through a self-tuning mechanism. Self-tuning fuzzy logic controller is designed to reduce the story-drift of each floor. The simulated system has a nine-degree-of-freedom, which is modeled using nonlinear behavior of the base-structure interaction. Modeled system was simulated against the ground motion of the Marmara Kocaeli earthquake (M _w=7.4) in Turkey on 17 August, 1999. At the end of the study, the time history of the story displacements, accelerations, ATMD displacements, control voltage, and frequency responses of the both uncontrolled and controlled cases are presented. The robustness of the controller has been checked through the uncertainty in stiffness of the structure. Performance of the designed STFLC has been demonstrated for the different disturbance using ground motion of the Kobe earthquake. Simulations of an earthquake excited nine story structure are performed to prove the validity of proposed control strategy.