壳聚糖在二氯乙酸中的溶致液晶性

制备了不同脱乙酰度和分子量在１－３ ～１５－１ ×１０５ 范围内的壳聚糖样品,并用傅里叶变换红外光谱法（ＦＴＩＲ）和粘度法进行了表征．借助偏光显微镜研究了不同壳聚糖样品在二氯乙酸中的液晶相转变和液晶状态．实验结果表明,分子量在１０５ ～１０６ 范围内的增大使壳聚糖形成液晶相的临界浓度（ Ｃ＊ ） 略有降低;脱乙酰度在７０ ～９０ ％ 范围内,对Ｃ＊ 的影响基本可以忽略．临界浓度的实验值与根据Ｋｈｏｋｈｌｏｖ Ｓｅｍｅｎｏｖ Ｏｄｉｊｋ 理论预示的值比较一致,说明蠕虫链模型可以很好地描述壳聚糖分子链在二氯乙酸中的溶致液晶行为．     

甲壳素类液晶高分子的研究Ⅲ.取代度和分子量对氰乙基壳聚糖液晶性的影响

研究了氰乙基取代度和分子量两种结构因素对氰乙基壳聚糖（ＣＮＣＳ） 溶致液晶性的影响,结果表明取代度的变化（ 从０－３６ 变化到１－２１） 对ＣＮＣＳ在二氯乙酸（ＤＣＡ） 中的临界浓度基本没有影响,而随着分子量的提高,ＣＮＣＳ溶致液晶的临界浓度显著降低．临界浓度存在大的分子量依赖性表明ＣＮＣＳ有较大的链刚性．     

甲壳素——一类新的液晶性多糖

"将甲壳素的结构与纤维素进行了比较, 并根据结构和链刚性指出其形成液晶态的可能性。简要介绍了制备液晶性甲壳素衍生物所必须的一些主要的化学修饰途径。叙述了15 种甲壳素衍生物的溶致液晶行为以及结构因素对它们液晶临界行为的影响。介绍了甲壳素衍生物形成的主要液晶态织构, 如指纹状织构、交替偏振场织构、条带织构和滴状织构, 以及甲壳素衍生物? 二氯乙酸溶液的热致相转变。综述了甲壳素的成纤性和液晶纺丝。     

分子量对壳聚糖溶致液晶性的影响

三种不同分子量的壳聚糖[脱乙酰度均为(84±1)%]在二氯乙酸溶液中都呈现胆甾型溶致液晶相.临界浓度随分子量增加而降低,但均比同样聚合度的甲壳素的高.用偏光显微镜法和激光小角散射法测得的胆甾液晶相的螺距很相近,在浓度相同时,其值随分子量的增加而减小.     

甲壳素类液晶高分子的研究Ⅱ-侧基长度和取代度对羧酰化壳聚糖的液晶性的影响

五种羧酰化壳聚糖即乙酰化、丙酰化、丁酰化、己酰化和庚酰化壳聚糖在二氯乙酸溶液中均呈现胆甾型溶致液晶相．临界浓度随侧基长度的增加而增加,但取代度（ 从０－２１ 变化到０－９４） 对临界浓度没有影响．在两相共存浓度区内,均呈现典型的滴状织构．从两相共存到完全液晶相的转变浓度也随侧基长度的增加而增加．     

甲壳素类液晶高分子的研究：Ⅱ.侧基长度和取代度对羧酰化壳聚糖的？…

五种羧酰化壳聚糖即乙酰化、丙酰化、丁酰化、己酰化和庚酰化壳聚糖在二氯乙酸溶液中均呈现胆甾型致液晶相。临界浓度随侧基长度的增加而增加，但取代度（从０．２１变化到０．９４）对临界浓度没有影响。在两相共存浓度区内，均呈现典型的滴状织构。从两相共存到完全液晶相的转变浓度也随侧基长度的增加而增加。     

甲壳素类液晶高分子的研究 Ⅰ侧基长度对羧酰化甲壳素的液晶性的影响

四种羧酰化甲壳素即乙酰化、丙酰化、丁酰化和己酰化甲壳素在二氯乙酸溶液中均呈现胆甾型溶致液晶相．临界浓度随侧基长度增加而略有增加,衍生物的临界浓度明显都比原甲壳素高许多,这些规律都可以用链刚性的变化来解释．四种羧酰化甲壳素在剪切时均能形成条带织构,而且能形成条带织构的最低浓度有明显差别,随侧基长度增加而提高,进一步表明侧基较长,液晶性减少．     

羟丙基甲基纤维素溶致液晶的临界浓度与溶剂溶度参数关系的研究

羟丙基甲基纤维素溶致液晶的临界浓度与溶剂溶度参数关系的研究董炎明,洪肇昭（厦门大学化学系,厦门,３６１００５）关键词　羟丙基甲基纤维素,溶致性液晶,临界浓度,溶解度参数,链刚性溶致液晶的阀值或临界浓度是在一定温度下恰能形成液晶相的最低浓度,高分子链刚...     

甲壳素类液晶高分子研究--低分子量壳聚糖溶致液晶性及分子量对液晶临界浓度的影响

研究了两种用酶降解法得到的低分子量壳聚糖样品(CS1和CS2)的溶致液晶性.用GPC并辅以质谱法确定了两样品的数均相对分子质量为622和2311 g/mol.在相对分子质量低至622的低分子量壳聚糖(相当于四糖)水溶液中仍发现了溶致液晶现象,并确定出相对分子质量为622和2311的低分子量壳聚糖液晶临界浓度为73%和36%(W/W%),这些结果与已报道的中、高分子量壳聚糖液晶临界浓度随分子量升高而降低的基本规律是一致的.实验结果与经典的KS理论预测值不符,因为低分子量壳聚糖的相对分子质量超过了KS理论对高分子临界浓度的预测范围.     

不同来源壳聚糖的基本特性及红外光谱研究

用同一方法在相同条件下，分别以螯虾壳、河虾壳、对虾壳、海蟹壳和蚕蛹制备了壳聚糖，并对其多项特性进行了比较研究。壳聚糖的收率分别为螯虾１３．６％、海蟹１２．３％、对虾１０．５％、河虾８．７０％、蚕蛹１．８％；灰份含量接近（０．２５～０．４５％）；脱乙酰度相近（７６～８０％）；壳聚糖的粘均分子量分别为：螯虾１２．８×１０６、河虾１．１５×１０６、海蟹１．０６×１０６、对虾０．９６×１０６、蚕蛹０．９１×１０６。五种壳聚糖的红外光谱基本相似，只存在个别峰值、峰位的差异，表明五种壳聚糖的基本结构相同，但其空间构象和结晶度等方面存在差异。     

INFLUENCE OF MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF CHITIN AND ITS THREE DERIVATIVES ON CRITICAL CONCENTRATION OF LYOTROPIC LIQUID CRYSTALLINE PHASE TRANSITION*

The critical concentration of lyotropic liquid crystalline phase transition for chitin derivatives was determinedusing a polarization microscope. The influence of molecular weight on critical concentration of liquid crystalline solution forchitin, chitosan, cyanoethyl chitosan and propionyl chitin successively increases as the chain rigidity decreases. Therefore itcan be used as an indicator of the chain rigidity.     

甲壳素类液晶高分子的研究Ⅳ.脱乙酰度对壳聚糖液晶性的影响

通过壳聚糖乙酰化法制备了不同脱乙酰度的壳聚糖 ,并研究了脱乙酰度这一结构因素对壳聚糖溶致液晶性的影响 .观察到脱乙酰度为 5 0 %左右时 ,壳聚糖在水中和二氯乙酸中的溶致液晶临界浓度最高 .壳聚糖在水中的溶致液晶临界浓度远低于在二氯乙酸中的临界浓度 .     

Synthesis and orientation study of a magnetically aligned liquid‐crystalline chitin/poly(acrylic acid) composite

A high magnetic field of 5 T was used to fabricate a magnetically aligned, optically anisotropic, liquid‐crystalline chitin/poly(acrylic acid) composite. The aligned mesophase was fixed by photoinitiated free‐radical polymerization. From an examination of polarized optical micrographs and an X‐ray diffraction study, a high degree of orientation of 0.70 was observed for the composite with a higher liquid‐crystalline chitin concentration (10.70 wt %); the orientation was reduced with a decreased chitin concentration at a given acrylic acid concentration. The X‐ray data for the developed composite showed a uniplanar orientation for the chitin crystallites, with its molecular long axes perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 711–714, 2003     

Effect of PBT molecular weight and reactive compatibilization on the dispersed‐phase coalescence of PBT/SAN blends

Poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT)/styrene‐acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) blends were investigated with respect to their phase morphology. The SAN component was kept as dispersed phase and PBT as matrix phase and the PBT/SAN viscosity ratio was changed by using different PBT molecular weights. PBT/SAN blends were also compatibilized by adding methyl methacrylate‐co‐glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐ethyl acrylate terpolymer, MGE, which is an in situ reactive compatibilizer for melt blending. In noncompatibilized blends, the dispersed phase particle size increased with SAN concentration due to coalescence effects. Static coalescence experiments showed evidence of greater coalescence in blends with higher viscosity ratios. For noncompatibilized PBT/SAN/MGE blends with high molecular weight PBT as matrix phase, the average particle size of SAN phase does not depend on the SAN concentration in the blends. However noncompatibilized blends with low molecular weight PBT showed a significant increase in SAN particle size with the SAN concentration. The effect of MGE epoxy content and MGE molecular weight on the morphology of the PBT/SAN blend was also investigated. As the MGE epoxy content increased, the average particle size of SAN initially decreased with both high and low molecular weight PBT phase, thereafter leveling off with a critical content of epoxy groups in the blend. This critical content was higher in the blends containing low molecular weight PBT than in those with high molecular weight PBT. At a fixed MGE epoxy content, a decrease in MGE molecular weight yielded PBT/SAN blends with dispersed nanoparticles with an average size of about 40 nm. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2010     

Fluorescence study of a thermotropic liquid crystal: Bis (p-hexyloxyphenyl) terephthalate

The microstructure of the low molecular weight thermotropic liquid crystal, bis(p-hexyloxyphenyl)terephthalate (PP6), was analysed by fluorescence. The material has an emission around 400 nm in its various liquid crystalline phases, but this emission disappears in the isotropic phase. The emission was attributed to fluorescence from an intermolecular ground state complex between two different chromophores of PP6 based on fluorescence experiments of model compounds and dilute PP6 solutions. No peak shifts were observed on changing temperature, while the fluorescence intensity decreased as the temperature was increased. The fluorescence intensity changed dramatically at the phase transitions. An abrupt change in the fluorescence intensity was observed on changing depending on the temperature especially at the smectic-nematic transition temperature. Thus, the intermolecular fluorescence of the liquid crystal is greatly affected by the phase structure and the order of liquid crystalline phase.