地铁引发地面振动分析中阻尼矩阵构成模式的探讨

以某地铁区间线路为例,建立二维有限元分析模型,通过数值计算,分析了瑞利阻尼和柯西阻尼两种阻尼矩阵构成模式对地铁引发地面振动响应计算结果的影响,并与采用滞后阻尼假定的频域解进行了比较,讨论并提出了不同阻尼矩阵构成模式在地铁引发地面振动分析中的适用范围及有效性.数值结果表明:在地铁振动分析中,应选择结构基频和荷载卓越频率作为控制频率来确定阻尼瑞利矩阵.与瑞利阻尼模型相比,应用柯西阻尼模型能达到较好的计算精度,但会增大动力分析的计算量.     

非比例阻尼体系等效Rayleigh阻尼模型时域计算方法

Rayleigh阻尼模型具有数学简易性的优点，应用广泛，其阻尼矩阵构造依赖于结构模态阻尼比。结构阻尼(复阻尼)模型的阻尼矩阵直接由材料损耗因子和刚度矩阵决定，在非比例阻尼体系中具有阻尼矩阵便于构造的优点，但存在时域计算结果发散、初值条件不易确定和频响函数非因果等缺陷。本研究结合两种阻尼模型的优点，分别依据阻尼衰减和阻尼耗能，提出了与结构阻尼模型等效的Rayleigh阻尼模型。算例分析结果表明：等效Rayleigh阻尼模型克服了结构阻尼模型的缺陷，同时保留了非比例阻尼体系中阻尼矩阵易构造的优点；与基于阻尼衰减等效的Rayleigh阻尼模型相比，基于阻尼耗能等效的Rayleigh阻尼模型计算结果近似相等，但避免了复模态分析，且计算过程直观简单。     

基于频率相关黏性阻尼模型的复模态叠加法

黏性阻尼模型存在每周期耗散能量与外激励频率相关的缺陷, 复阻尼模型时域计算结果存在发散现象. 为克服上述两种阻尼模型的不足, 在复阻尼模型基础上, 依据时频域转化原则推导了频率相关黏性阻尼模型. 频率相关黏性阻尼模型不仅具有每周期耗散能量与外激励频率无关的优点, 还保证了结构位移时程的稳定收敛. 混合结构由具有不同阻尼特性的材料组成, 其阻尼矩阵为非比例矩阵, 无法直接采用实模态叠加法. 根据频率相关黏性阻尼模型与复阻尼模型的转换关系, 提出了适用于混合结构的基于频率相关黏性阻尼模型的复模态叠加法. 算例分析结果表明, 与基于黏性阻尼模型的复模态叠加法相比, 基于频率相关黏性阻尼模型的复模态叠加法不仅计算结果唯一, 且不增加矩阵维度, 具有较高的计算效率. 小阻尼情况下, 两种方法的计算结果近似相等, 且与复阻尼模型的频域计算结果一致. 当阻尼比较大时, 两种方法的计算结果差异增大, 但频率相关黏性阻尼模型的复模态叠加法与复阻尼模型的频域计算结果仍保持一致.      

基于频率相关黏性阻尼模型的复模态叠加法

黏性阻尼模型存在每周期耗散能量与外激励频率相关的缺陷,复阻尼模型时域计算结果存在发散现象.为克服上述两种阻尼模型的不足,在复阻尼模型基础上,依据时频域转化原则推导了频率相关黏性阻尼模型.频率相关黏性阻尼模型不仅具有每周期耗散能量与外激励频率无关的优点,还保证了结构位移时程的稳定收敛.混合结构由具有不同阻尼特性的材料组成,其阻尼矩阵为非比例矩阵,无法直接采用实模态叠加法.根据频率相关黏性阻尼模型与复阻尼模型的转换关系,提出了适用于混合结构的基于频率相关黏性阻尼模型的复模态叠加法.算例分析结果表明,与基于黏性阻尼模型的复模态叠加法相比,基于频率相关黏性阻尼模型的复模态叠加法不仅计算结果唯一,且不增加矩阵维度,具有较高的计算效率.小阻尼情况下,两种方法的计算结果近似相等,且与复阻尼模型的频域计算结果一致.当阻尼比较大时,两种方法的计算结果差异增大,但频率相关黏性阻尼模型的复模态叠加法与复阻尼模型的频域计算结果仍保持一致.     

阻尼振动系统存在全实模态的条件

1.引言阻尼矩阵是描述系统运动微分方程的重要物理参数.对于系统的响应分析,阻尼项不可忽略.由于阻尼因素的复杂性,系统运动方程一般难以在对应的实模态空间中解耦.因此需要采用复模态理论进行动力分析,增加了分析计算的复杂性.如何判断阻尼系统能否化为等价的无阻尼系统及相应的形式,十分必要.本文根据矩阵函数的坐标变换关系,将系统化为与之     

连续梁在周期荷载下的动力稳定性简化分析方法

对于一般任意支撑的连续梁结构动力稳定性问题,已有的计算方法求解过程都很复杂,给工程设计带来极大的不便．本文提出了一个简化的分析方法,利用现有的商业软件,只需求得连续梁的自然频率及静力屈曲（失稳）荷载,就可容易得到结构的动力失稳区域,当考虑结构阻尼对不稳定区域的影响时,可将阻尼矩阵表达为Rayleigh阻尼的形式．研究结果表明：采用本文计算方法与已有的理论计算方法得到的连续梁主参数共振的不稳定边界非常吻合,而本文计算方法更为简单,计算结果可靠,计算精度高,可满足工程设计的需要．     

一种基于加速度频响函数的动力学模型修正方法

提出了一种基于加速度频响函数的动力学模型修正方法,该方法应用试验测量和计算所得的加速度频响函数矩阵对动力学模型的刚度矩阵、质量矩阵、阻尼系数进行修正,使修正后模型的加速度频响函数与试验测量所得的相一致．该法具有明确的物理意义,数值算例检验了方法的有效性和精度．     

加权最小二乘法求解Rayleigh阻尼系数的讨论

合理确定Rayleigh阻尼矩阵比例系数对于准确计算场地地震响应有重要影响。本文提出以H2iH′2iA2i为权重系数,采用加权最小二乘法求解Rayleigh阻尼矩阵比例系数,以提高土层地震反应时程分析的计算精度。以上海某处地质剖面建立深覆盖土层有限元模型,计算其在28条各具代表性的基岩场地地震波激励下的动力反应,与其他研究成果对比分析,验证本文方法的精度及适用性。     

有阻尼振动系统的自由界面子结构综合法

研究了阻尼振动系统的自由界面子结构综合法.为了在最终给出的系统综合方程中考虑剩余柔度矩阵的影响,本文利用质量矩阵、阻尼矩阵和结构保留模态矩阵构造了一种与保留模态矩阵加权正交的矩阵.在计算自由-自由结构的剩余柔度矩阵时,通过这种加权正交矩阵能够避免直接对子结构刚度矩阵的求逆运算.在此基础上提出了一种新的有阻尼振动系统的自由界面子结构综合法.算例分析表明,本文的方法具有很高的计算精度.     

计算结构动力方程三次精度的直接积分法

以往计算结构动力方程的无条件稳定积分格式的证明,是在阻尼矩阵满足振型正交条件下得到的,文本给出的三次精度无条件稳定积分格式的证明,可不要求阻尼矩阵满足振型正交条件。此外本文提出的高精度方法和以往的高精度方法相比具有存贮空间小,计算量少的优点,本文方法还具有没超越现象的优点。     

基于绝对节点坐标法的弹性线方法研究

相比于浮动坐标系法, 绝对节点坐标法(absolute nodal coordinateformulation, ANCF)在处理柔性体非线性大变形问题上具有显著优势,ANCF将单元节点坐标定义在全局坐标系下,采用斜率矢量代替节点转角坐标, 具有常数质量阵,不存在科氏离心力等优点, 然而弹性力阵为非线性项,其求解将比较耗时且占用资源. 据此, 在弹性力求解方法中,引入弹性线方法(elastic line method, ELM),该方法将格林--拉格朗日应变张量定义在中心线上,采用曲率公式来定义弯曲应变, 转角公式来定义扭转应变.同时采用有限元法对三维柔性梁位移场进行离散,求解梁单元常数质量阵、广义刚度阵、广义力阵,进而得到单元的动力学方程, 通过转换矩阵得到三维梁的动力学方程.接着从理论上指出连续介质力学方法(continuum mechanics method,CMM)和弹性线方法在求解弹性力上的不同点, 并编制动力学仿真软件.最后分别采用连续介质力学方法和弹性线方法对柔性单摆以及履带式车辆的动力学问题进行仿真分析,结果表明:弹性线方法能在保证精度的前提下有效提高计算效率.      

Theoretical analysis and experimental study of Coriolis mass flow sensor sensitivity

The measuring tube is the core sensitive unit of the Coriolis mass flow sensor. Its design parameters directly influence natural frequency and sensitivity, such as shape and structure dimensions. In this study, we obtained under concentrated force the equivalent elastic coefficient of the measuring tube by adopting static analysis and calculating static deflection curves, including the respective U-shape, slightly curved, and straight tubes. We then obtained the resonant frequency from the second-order vibration equation. Additionally, the maximum sensitivity and position coordinates were obtained by calculating the torsional displacement curve of the measuring tube under the distribution of Coriolis force during a rated flow. Sensor models with different measuring tube shapes were designed by applying this theoretical analysis. Calibration tests for sensors were performed using a static gravimetric method. Theoretical analysis and test results show that the resonant frequency and sensitivity of the sensors calculated by applying static mechanical analysis and Coriolis distributing force align with the experimental results, thereby proving the validity of the theoretical method. Furthermore, the proposed method simultaneously obtained the relation curve of the measuring tube structure dimensions and natural frequency and sensitivity. It therefore provides theoretical evidence for the sensor design and detector installation position.     

Numerical modelling of structure vibrations under inertial moving load

Inertial loading of structures by mass travelling with near-critical velocity has been intensively debated. In the literature a moving mass is replaced by an equivalent force or an oscillator that is in permanent contact with the structure. A direct mass matrix modification method frequently implemented in the finite element approach gives reasonable results only in the range of relatively low velocities and for low mass value if compared with the mass of a structure. However, existing solutions are incorrect and are not implemented in commercial computer codes. In this paper we present the space–time finite element approach to the problem. The interaction of the moving mass/supporting structure is described in a local coordinate system of the space-time finite element domain. Resulting characteristic matrices include inertia, Coriolis and centrifugal forces. Simple modification of matrices in the discrete equations of motion allows us to gain accuracy in a wide range of velocity, up to the over-critical speed. Numerical examples of string and beam vibrations prove the simplicity and efficiency of the method.     

An efficient operator splitting scheme for three-dimensional hydrodynamic computations

A new efficient numerical method for three-dimensional hydrodynamic computations is presented and discussed in this paper. The method is based on the operator splitting method and combined with Eulerian–Lagrangian method, finite element method and finite difference method. To increase the efficiency and stability of the numerical solutions, the operator splitting method is employed to partition the momentum equations into three parts, according to physical phenomena. A time step is divided into three time substeps. In the first substep, advection and Coriolis force are solved using the explicit Eulerian–Lagrangian method. In the second substep, horizontal diffusion is approximated by implicit FEM in each horizontal layer. In the last substep, the continuity equation is solved by implicit FEM, and vertical diffusion and pressure gradient are discretized by implicit FDM in each nodal column. The stability analysis shows that this method is unconditionally stable. A number of numerical experiments have been performed. The results simulated by the present scheme agree well with analytical solutions and the other documented model results. The method is efficient for 3D shallow water flow computations and fully fits complicated configurations. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

拱桥悬臂施工过程中面内特征值的传递矩阵法

采用传递矩阵法对拱桥悬臂施工过程中的面内特征值问题进行求解,建立了该类桥型施工过程中面内竖弯刚度的评估方法.首先,将索和拱分别视为无垂度的张紧弦和欧拉伯努利梁,基于传递矩阵法基本理论推导了系统的总传递矩阵,考虑拱和索的边界条件以及索拱节点的位移连续性条件得到系统的特征值方程,进而计算出系统的频率和模态.同时,采用有限元...     

THE ELASTIC SOLUTION OF CONCENTRATED FORCE ACTING IN ORTHOGONAL ANISOTROPIC HALF-PLANE AND CON-STANT ELEMENT FUNDAMENTAI FORMULAE OF BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD

In this paper, the elastic solutions of concentrated force acting in orthogonal anisotropic half-plane are derived by imaginal method and the formulae of coefficient matrix for constant element are put forward. To solve half-plane problems numerically by BEM, this paper provides the necessary formulae. Because the expressions of fundamental solutions are very simple, the object functions could be obtained for every integral of constant element and higher order element of indirect BEM. Thus, the procedure of integration could be avoided in calculation program     

The elastic solution of concentrated force acting in orthogonal anisotropic half-plane and constant element fundamental formulae of boundary element method

In this paper, the elastic solutions of concentrated force acting in orthogonal anisotropic half-plane are derived by imaginal method and the formulae of coefficient matrix for constant element are put forward. To solve half-plane problems numerically by BEM, this paper provides the necessary formulae. Because the expressions of fundamental solutions are very simple, the object functions could be obtained for every integral of constant element and higher order element of indirect BEM. Thus, the procedure of integration could be avoided in calculation program.     

从矩阵位移法看有限元应力精度的损失与恢复

矩阵位移法在计算杆端力时须叠加一个“固端力”项，而在有限元法中结点（应）力是直接对位移求导获得的，丢失了“固端力”一项，致使应力的精度大为下降．其实，对于一维有限元，同样可以对结点力叠加一个“固端力”项，使结点内力的精度与位移不相上下，而且这一做法几乎可以直接推广到半解析的有限元线法的二维问题中．本文简要介绍这一最新研究的思路、做法和一些初步的数值结果．     

Effect of the deformation in the inertia forces on the inverse dynamics of planar flexible mechanical systems

The inverse dynamics problem for articulated structural systems such as robotic manipulators is the problem of the determination of the joint actuator forces and motor torques such that the system components follow specified motion trajectories. In many of the previous investigations, the open loop control law was established using an inverse dynamics procedure in which the centrifugal and Coriolis inertia forces are linearized such that these forces in the flexible model are the same as those in the rigid body model. In some other investigations, the effect of the nonlinear centrifugal and Coriolis forces is neglected in the analysis and control system design of articulated structural systems. It is the objective of this investigation to study the effect of the linearization of the centrifugal and Coriolis forces on the nonlinear dynamics of constrained flexible mechanical systems. The virtual work of the inertia forces is used to define the complete nonlinear centrifugal and Coriolis force model. This nonlinear model that depends on the rate of the finite rotation and the elastic deformation of the deformable bodies is used to obtain the solution of the inverse dynamics problem, thus defining the joint torques that produce the desired motion trajectories. The effect of the linearization of the mass matrix as well as the centrifugal and Coriolis forces on the obtained feedforward control law is examined numerically. The results presented in this investigation are obtained using a slider crank mechanism with a flexible connecting rod.     

Calculation of wind currents in the edge zone of a sea ice sheet

The steady wind currents in the ocean near the edge of an ice sheet simulated by a rigid cover are studied. The characteristic horizontal scales of the problem correspond to several tens of kilometers. In this case, depending on the depth and viscosity of the fluid, the effect of the Coriolis force on its motion may be comparable with the effect of the wind shear stresses applied to the ice-free surface. Taking the Coriolis force into account leads to the formation of a spiral flow structure in the vertical direction.Translated from Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No.6, pp. 132–141, November–December, 1992.