食品中苯并(α)芘的微波辅助萃取方法的研究

微波具有萃取效率高、加热均匀、节省时间等特点,而恒能量同步荧光法应用于多环芳烃的检测可提高选择性,导数技术又能放大窄带灵敏度,抑制宽带,改善分辨能力。本文结合恒能量同步荧光扫描技术与导数技术,采用家用微波炉,建立了食品中苯并(α)芘(BaP)的微波辅助萃取-二阶导数恒能量同步荧光法。探讨了影响微波萃取效率的主要因素,如萃取溶剂的类型及使用量、微波萃取时间及冷却时间、微波辐射功率等,并与超声萃取做了比较。对低脂肪样品直接用混合溶剂微波萃取即可进行光谱扫描检测食品中的BaP;对高脂肪样品将皂化和微波辅助萃取这两步操作同时进行,简化操作步骤,缩短样品的前处理时间,使样品的整个分析过程可在1h内完成。该方法操作简单、快速、费用低廉,已应用于实际样检测,低脂肪样品的加标回收率为90.0%~105.0%,高脂肪样品的为83.3%~94.6%,方法重现性好,结果令人满意。     

乙酸浸提-原子吸收光谱法测定烟草中的镁元素

烟叶中的镁元素用乙酸萃取、原子吸收光谱法测定,并与行业标准方法YC/T 175-2003进行比较,结果发现乙酸萃取-原子吸收法与行业标准法测定的数据吻合.同时对国家烟草标准物GBW08514、GBW08515及茶叶标准物GBW08513进行测定,证明其测定数据与标准值相符.此方法把烟草中的镁、水溶性糖、烟碱及氯离子的处理方法有机地结合在一起,使烟草中镁的检测变得简单、快速;且方法污染小、操作简便,适合大批量烟草样品中镁的快速检测.     

微波、超声及其联用萃取黄连中总生物碱的对比研究

采用紫外分光光度法,以黄连中总生物碱提取量为评价指标,对比了微波辅助萃取、超声辅助萃取、超声-微波联用辅助萃取、微波-超声联用辅助萃取黄柏中总生物碱,比较了4种不同萃取方式对提取量的影响。结果表明,在萃取黄连中总生物碱时,微波萃取优于超声萃取和超声-微波联用萃取;微波萃取和微波-超声联用萃取相比较,黄连中总生物碱提取量相差不大,说明微波萃取黄连中总生物碱比较完全,微波萃取后没有必要再用超声萃取。     

微波萃取-分光光度法研究关黄柏中小檗碱的提取

微波萃取是利用微波能来提高萃取率的-种新技术,用正交法优化微波萃取条件,与传统的酸碱法浸提小檗碱进行了对比研究,确定了微波萃取技术用于中药关黄柏中提取小檗碱的工艺条件.结果表明,使用微波萃取的优化条件为:80℃萃取温度,固液比为1:15,时间1.5min,传统溶剂法:萃取温度70℃,固液比为1:20,时间24h,与稀硫酸浸泡提取法相比,微波萃取工艺提取时间大大缩短,产量可提高30%,工艺操作简便、省时、节能,易于控制.     

微波萃取-气相色谱法测定土壤中六六六、滴滴涕

用微波萃取和GC-ECD联用技术.对土壤中六六六、滴滴涕进行了分析.实验具有操作简便,分析时间短,应用范围广等优点.并且进行了回收率、重现性及精密度的测定.     

3种不同提取方法测定百癣夏塔热片中的总黄酮

采用索氏提取、超声提取、微波萃取对百癣夏塔热片中总黄酮进行提取.3种方法均采用20倍(mL/g)甲醇;其中索氏提取时间为6h;超声提取时间为1h;微波萃取辐射时间:10min;温度:100C.以芦丁为标准品,用分光光度法测定,波长为510nm,芦丁浓度与吸光度呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9999).微波萃取、索氏提取和超...     

微波辅助提取-紫外分光光度法检测土壤中的油脂总量

以合成土样为对象 ,研究了微波辅助提取油脂的条件及其提取效率 ,由此建立了土壤中油脂分析的快速光度检测方法。在中档微波场辐射 3× 10 s时 ,2次 15 m L丙酮 -正己烷 (体积比 1∶ 1)萃取 10 g合成土样中的油脂时所获收率最高。方法的平均回收率大于 97.3% ,RSD小于 2 .5 % ,其结果与索氏萃取 4 h的效果相当     

固相微萃取技术对空气中苯系物检测的竞争吸附效应

苯系物作为一类常见的挥发性有机污染物对人体危害极大，因此研究并建立空气中苯系物的快速检测方法十分必要。固相微萃取（SPME）技术非常适用于快速的污染物定性定量检测，但用于检测空气中苯系物研究较少，有研究表明多种物质在萃取纤维上也存在吸附材料上常见的竞争吸附效应，从而导致常用的标准曲线法定量可能无法反映实际样品的组成。采用多组分苯系物标准气体分析萃取头的吸附情况，考察各种参数对SPME萃取头上存在的竞争吸附行为。     

微波波谱法研究分子间相互作用

微波波谱是一种微波频段的波谱学方法,近年来在研究分子系统结构及分子间弱相互作用上发展迅速,是一种高分辨率和高灵敏度的分析工具. 本文介绍了它的原理及应用,尤其是对脉冲喷射傅里叶变换微波谱仪研究范德华力配合物、氢键配合物、弱氢键配合物、卤键配合物等弱相互作用体系的微波转动谱也作了简要的综述.      

微波辅助稀硝酸萃取-ICP-OES同时测定纺织品中九种有害元素

纺织品在加工的过程中会引起多种有害元素的污染,为了监控纺织品的质量,建立了微波辅助稀硝酸萃取结合电感耦合等离子体发射光谱同时测定纺织品中砷、锑、铅、镉、铬、钴、铜、镍、汞等九种有害元素的检测新方法。通过萃取剂的筛选和萃取条件的优化,最终确定了用5%的硝酸30mL作为萃取剂,萃取时间为5min,萃取温度为120℃,仪器功率为400W作为微波辅助萃取条件。并用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱对萃取出的九种有害元素总量进行检测。结果显示:本方法的检出限在2.25～112.5μg.kg-1之间,对加标样品的萃取率为73.6%～105%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=3)为0.2%～1.7%。本方法已成功用于棉布、毛料、涤纶、腈纶四种纺织品样品的检测。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.