磁流变抛光液的配制及其抛光稳定性

磁流变液是一种分散体系,通过对分散体系稳定性的研究,并结合磁流变抛光的实际需求,确定了磁流变抛光液添加组分,配制出了适合于光学加工的水基磁流变抛光液。所配制的磁流变液初始粘度仅为0.2Pa·s,利用磁流变仪检测所配制磁流变液在剪切率为1s-1,磁场强度为0.35T时,剪切应力达42.5kPa。利用所配制的磁流变抛光液分别对K9玻璃和Si材料进行抛光,经过2h持续抛光,K9玻璃和Si材料去除函数的峰值去除量相对变化率分别为0.15%和0.22%,体积去除量相对变化率分别为1%和0.88%,去除函数的峰值去除率分别达到4.83μm/min和1.376μm/min。结果验证了所配制的抛光液具有极好的稳定性以及较高的去除效率,能够保证抛光材料的快速去除和高效收敛。     

磁流变技术研究及其在光学加工中的应用

介绍了磁流变技术的基本原理及其应用。利用磁流变液在磁场作用下形成的高剪切应力,可以利用磁场形成可变硬度的磁流变液对光学零件进行可控的抛光加工。美国Rochester大学率先进行了应用磁流变液对光学零件进行抛光方面的研究。磁流变抛光获得的表面具有纳米级表面粗糙度。     

碳化硅基底改性硅表面的磁流变抛光EI北大核心CSCD

为克服传统抛光方法在硅改性的碳化硅表面抛光存在的不足,采用磁流变抛光在精抛光阶段实现面形误差高效去除和快速收敛。基于实际应用中的对磁流变抛光液的需求,提出了磁流变液的性能要求,并配制了适合改性硅表面抛光的磁流变抛光液,检测所配制的抛光液体的流变特性和分散稳定性,证明了液体具有良好的性能。对口径为130 mm(有效口径为120 mm)的硅改性的同轴非球面碳化硅工件进行实际抛光。经过两个周期约3 h的抛光,面形误差均方根(RMS)从0.051λ(λ=632.8 nm)快速收敛至0.012λ,粗糙度Ra达0.618 nm。验证了所配制的磁流变抛光液满足碳化硅基底改性硅表面的抛光需求,证明了磁流变抛光技术在镜面硅改性后精抛光阶段具有独特的优势。     

碳化硅基底改性硅表面的磁流变抛光

为克服传统抛光方法在硅改性的碳化硅表面抛光存在的不足,采用磁流变抛光在精抛光阶段实现面形误差高效去除和快速收敛。基于实际应用中的对磁流变抛光液的需求,提出了磁流变液的性能要求,并配制了适合改性硅表面抛光的磁流变抛光液,检测所配制的抛光液体的流变特性和分散稳定性,证明了液体具有良好的性能。对口径为130 mm(有效口径为120 mm)的硅改性的同轴非球面碳化硅工件进行实际抛光。经过两个周期约3 h的抛光,面形误差均方根(RMS)从0.051λ(λ=632.8 nm)快速收敛至0.012λ,粗糙度Ra达0.618 nm。验证了所配制的磁流变抛光液满足碳化硅基底改性硅表面的抛光需求,证明了磁流变抛光技术在镜面硅改性后精抛光阶段具有独特的优势。     

光学元件精密加工中的磁流变抛光技术工艺参数

为了充分掌握磁流变抛光中磁场强度、浸入深度、抛光轮转速、磁流变液水分含量等工艺参数对抛光结果的影响规律,以期提高元件的面形精度和表面的质量,在研究了磁流变抛光材料的去除数学模型的基础上,结合实验室的PKC100-P1型抛光设备,对上述的关键工艺参数分别进行了研究,设置了一系列的实验参数,进行了详细的实验探索,分析了单因素条件下材料的去除量以及元件表面质量同关键工艺参数的内在联系,得出了相应影响关系曲线。从关系曲线表明:工艺参数对抛光斑的去除效率以及被加工元件表面质量存在着明显的影响规律,掌握这些影响关系就能用于分析和优化磁流变加工的结果,为高精度光学表面的加工提供可靠的保障,同时实验的结果也很好地验证了磁流变抛光材料去除理论的正确性。     

磁流变抛光工艺参数的正交实验分析

对利用自行配制的水基磁流变抛光液和磁流变抛光实验样机进行了以抛光去除效率和表面粗糙度为考核指标的工艺实验。应用正交试验方法分析了磁流变抛光中主要工艺参数(磁场强度、抛光粉浓度、抛光盘的转速、抛光盘与工件间的间隙)对抛光去除效率和表面粗糙度的影响规律,并结合磁流变抛光机理对其进行了分析。根据实验结果对工艺参数进行了优化。     

内凹面磁流变槽路抛光方法的研究

针对高陡度非球面光学元件的内凹面抛光难题,提出了一种内凹面磁流变槽路抛光方法。设计与待加工内凹面形状匹配的凸模,并在凸模上开出供磁流变液循环通过的槽路,当磁流变液经过设有磁场的区域时发生流变作用形成柔性抛光磨头对内凹面产生材料去除作用。通过工件的旋转和外部磁极的移动完成对整个内凹面的抛光加工。建立了实验平台并开展了相关初步实验和分析。结果表明该方法能够适应内凹面抛光加工的需要,可获得较高表面质量,具有一定的可行性和应用潜力。     

ZK、ZF、ZBaF、LaK光学玻璃的腐蚀与防护

ＺＫ、ＺＦ、ＺＢａＦ、ＬａＫ等光学玻璃在抛光过程中及抛光下盘以后的腐蚀问题,长期以来一直影响着这些光学玻璃零件的加工质量和生产效率。通过对光学玻璃在抛光过程中稳定性课题的研究和生产实验,研制并筛选出比较理想的光学玻璃抛光添加剂;即在这些化学稳定性差的光学玻璃抛光液中,添加适当的ｐＨ值调节剂及表面稳定剂,减少了ＺＫ、ＺＦ、ＺＢａＦ、ＬａＫ等系列化学稳定性差的光学玻璃在抛光过程中的腐蚀问题,显著提高了抛光表面质量和合格率,并进一步提高了光学玻璃零件加工的效率和效益及其工艺技术水平     

磁流变抛光二次非球面工件位置对刀校正

近年来,磁流变抛光作为一种确定性加工方法已成为获得高精度非球面的重要手段。作者以回转对称二次抛物面为例,分析了磁流变抛光中使用抛光轮校正工件位置的理论方法,并通过实验在Φ230 mm熔石英样件上验证对刀理论,分别在X方向和Y方向以少于3次的调整次数校正工件位置,实现了X方向、Y方向偏置量均低于0.009 mm;采用磁流变抛光技术对工件进行了修形实验验证,加工后面形精度RMS由λ/7收敛至λ/40。实验结果表明：作者提出的非球面工件位置对刀校正方法简单、可靠,能够很好地对工件进行精确定位,利于高精度非球面磁流变抛光加工。     

光学玻璃在冷加工工艺中的分类

在光学抛光中,要想获得稳定优质的加工效果、必须根据不同种类的光学玻璃选择与其相适应的抛光条件。欲以相同的抛光条件满足各种光学玻璃的抛光几乎是办不到的。本文在综合分析影响光学抛光因素的基础上,提出常用光学玻璃在冷加工工艺中的分类。     

Mechanism of chain formation in nanofluid based MR fluids

Mechanism of structure formation in bidispersed colloids is important for its physical and optical properties. It is microscopically observed that the mechanism of chain formation in magnetic nanofluid based magnetorheological (MR) fluid is quite different from that in the conventional MR fluid. Under the application of magnetic field the magnetic nanoparticles are filled inside the structural microcavities formed due to the association of large magnetic particles, and some of the magnetic nanoparticles are attached at the end of the chains formed by the large particles. The dipolar energy of the large particles in a magnetic nanofluid matrix becomes effective magnetic permeability (μ_eff) times smaller than that of the neutral medium. Inclusion of magnetic nanoparticles (∼10 nm) with large magnetic particles (∼3-5 μm) restricts the aggregation of large particles, which causes the field induced phase separation in MR fluids. Hence, nanofluid based MR fluids are more stable than conventional MR fluids, which subsequently increase their application potentiality.     

轻质磁性材料的制备及在磁流变液中的应用

研究了使用化学镀的方法在轻质载体上包覆具有磁性的镍、钴等物质。该材料具有密度低的优点（有效密度为2-3g/cm^3）。对比于几种羰基镍粉制备的磁流变液的沉降稳定性,使用该轻质磁性材料制备的磁流变液不用加防沉剂,其稳定性类似于加入较多防沉剂的羟基镍粉磁流变液。其在磁场下表观粘度比零磁场下的粘度有几十倍的变化。因此,使用该轻质磁性材料有望解决磁流变液普遍存在的沉降问题,得到综合性能良好的产品。     

一阶不连续光学元件MRF流体动力学分析方法

一阶不连续光学元件的磁流变抛光问题是制约我国高精高效光学制造领域发展的难题之一,其涉及锥形、矩形等几何形貌元件的光学元件加工问题以及常见光学元件的边缘效应控制问题。提出了基于一阶不连续光学元件的磁流变抛光流体动力学方法,建立了该类元件抛光区域流体动力分析的理论方法和数值手段。首先,对磁流变抛光工况下的流场进行了合理假设,其次,从微元流体动力方程出发,建立了适用于一阶不连续面形的流场分析方法,最后,基于有限差分法和数值迭代方法建立了流场控制方程的数值计算方法。通过对切入距离为1~18 mm的抛光过程进行数值仿真,发现该方法所获取的一阶不连续面形的压力分布形态是正确的,产生的不连续压降与实验观测一致。     

Dimorphic magnetorheological fluid with improved rheological properties

A type of dimorphic magnetorheological (MR) fluid was prepared by adding wire-like iron nanostructures into the conventional carbonyl iron based MR fluid. The Fe nanowires were synthesized through reducing Fe²⁺ ion with excessive sodium borohydride in aqueous solution. The rheological behaviors of the dimorphic MR fluids were measured with a rotational rheometer and the sedimentation properties were also studied in this work. It was found that the Fe wires additives can greatly enhance the stress strength of the dimorphic MR fluids comparing with the conventional MR fluids. The sedimentation of the dimorphic MR fluids was also mitigated greatly.     

Study on magnetic fluid optical fiber devices for optical logic operations by characteristics of superparamagnetic nanoparticles and magnetic fluids

We propose two optical fiber-based schemes using two magnetic fluid optical fiber modulators in series or in parallel for optical logic signal processing and operation. Here, each magnetic fluid optical fiber modulator consists of a bare multimode fiber surrounded by magnetic fluid in which the refractive index is adjustable by applying external magnetic fields amplifying the input electrical signal to vary the transmission intensity of the optical fiber-based scheme. The physical mechanisms for the performances of the magnetic fluid optical fiber devices, such as the transmission loss related to Boolean number of the logic operation as well as the dynamic response, are studied by the characteristics of superparamagnetic nanoparticles and magnetic fluids. For example, in the dynamic response composed of the retarding and response sub-procedures except the response times of the actuation coil, the theoretical evaluation of the retarding time variation with cladding magnetic fluids length has good agreement with the experimental results.     

The influence of magnetic field swept rate on the ultrasonic propagation velocity of magnetorheological fluids

Structure of magnetorheological (MR) fluids depends on the strength of the magnetic field applied and on the mode of its application. The ultrasonic wave propagation velocity changes under the effect of an external magnetic field as a result of formation of clusters arranged along the direction of the field in the MR fluids. Therefore, we propose a qualitative analysis of these clustering structures by measuring properties of ultrasonic propagation. Since the MR fluids are opaque, the non-contact inspection using this ultrasonic technique can be very useful. In this study, we measured ultrasonic propagation velocity in MR fluid influenced by an external magnetic field for different swept rate precisely. With increasing magnetic field intensity, the changes of the ultrasonic wave velocity are more pronounced. Sedimentation effect takes place in certain time for different swept rate due to magnetic particle size and it follows linear relationship in log scale. Significant differences of the ultrasonic wave velocity are established between the case when the field is swept at a constant rate and the case when it is stepped up.     

电流变液的旋光与椭偏光行为

本文研究了电流变液(ER流体)的旋光行为及椭偏光行为.激光束垂直于电场方向,利用HeNe激光器对SiO₂、Si₃N₄和硅油组成的ER流体进行测量.发现电流变液样品存在旋光现象,且对于同一种浓度的ER流体,随着电场强度的增大,旋光角度增大.在同一电场强度下,旋光角度随着浓度的增大而增大.当浓度大于某一值c₀时,旋光角度开始减小,在不同电场强度下,透过电流变液的椭圆偏振光性质不发生改变,且随着电场强度的增大,透射光强度随之增大.电流变液的旋光行为及椭偏光行为起因于在电场作用下ER流体由各向同性的液体转变为各向异性的液体.     

Theory of simple fluids near a structured surface

Convenient theoretical methods for calculating structure and thermodynamic properties of fluids near an irregular hard wall are developed. Using the diagrammatic expansion, we prove that: Firstly, a fluid system in contact with an irregular surface can be treated as two coupling fluids. The first one is defined by the studied fluid interacting with a planar hard wall. It is called the reference system. The second, which is referred to as the fictitious system, is confined to the surface cavities. Secondly, these developments can be used to find a self-consistent approximation.