NH4H2PO4晶体反铁电相的对称性及序参量

在反铁电晶体NH4H2PO4(ADP)顺电反铁电相变中,对称性所属点群也随之发生相应的改变.通过对实验结果的分析,我们认为NH4H2PO4(ADP)晶体反铁电相对称性所属点群为P2(C2).选用轴矢量R作为序参量来描述NH4H2PO4(ADP)晶体反铁电相变中对称性的变化,应用居里原理,恰能得到NH4H2PO4(ADP)晶体反铁电相的正确对称性所属点群P2(C2).     

锆酸铅的反铁电相对称性研究

在参考文献给出的锆酸铅的反铁电相投影图的基础上,从生群元的角度重新研究了反铁电体锆酸铅的反铁电相的对称性,发现锆酸铅反铁电相的对称群应是P2/m,属于单斜晶系.而以往文献给出的对称群为Pba2或Pbam,属于正交晶系.因反铁电相晶体不存在压电效应,因此对称群不可能是极性群Pba2.鉴于提出的对称群P2/m与以往文献给出的对称群Pbam均具有中心对称性,且为相邻的晶系,本文提出了介电张量测量的方法来区分二者.     

三元铁电单晶Pb(Yb1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3生长及性能表征

采用高温助熔剂法首次成功生长出了Pb(Yb1/2Nb1/2) O3-Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3) O3-PbTiO3 (PYZNT)三元铁电单晶,并对晶体组分、介电、铁电和压电性能进行了研究.结果表明,晶体为纯三方钙钛矿相,实际组分为0.68PYN-0.22PZN-0.1PT.分别对晶体的介电,铁电和压电性能进行研究.介电常数ε'和介电损耗tanδ对温度和频率表现出典型的弛豫行为.晶体的居里温度TC为80℃.由于反铁电体PYN含量较高,晶体具有非常大的矫顽场,在100kV/cm的外电场条件下极化还不能反转,因而无法得到饱和的电滞回线.在未极化条件下,测得晶体的压电常数d33为78 pC/N.     

新疆理化所开发出铁酸铋材料制备新方法

铁酸铋BiFeO3是一种典型的多铁性材料,具有远高于室温的反铁磁奈尔温度(TN=380℃)和铁电居里温度(Tc=830℃),是少数在室温条件下同时具有铁电性与寄生弱铁磁性的单相多铁材料之一。BiFeO3的这一特殊性质使其在新兴记忆材料方面具有重要的应用前景。近年来,人们采用不同方法制备出性能优良的铁酸铋材料,铁酸铋薄膜的自发极化强度已与铁电材料PZT不相上下,因此成为无铅铁电存储器的重要候选材料之一。     

SrTiO3铁电体反铁畸变序参量的研究

钛酸锶(SrTiO3)的反铁畸变是氧八面体绕[001]轴转过一微小角度θ引起的,由于前人对相变中晶体学原胞的选取不合适,所以不能正确说明晶体结构对称性的变化.本文提出一种晶体学原胞的选取方法,能很好地反映相变前后对称性的变化.由居里原理,分析其序参量是一个三阶全对称的极张量,并给出具体的数学形式.     

坩埚下降法在新材料探索及晶体生长中的应用

坩埚下降法是一种重要的晶体生长技术,成功用于生长闪烁晶体锗酸铋(Bi4Ge3O12)、声光晶体氧化碲(TeO2)、压电晶体四硼酸锂(Li2B4O7)以及新型弛豫铁电晶体等材料,并实现了产业化.坩埚下降法在层状结构晶体、异型晶体、高通量生长等新材料探索中也有巨大的潜力.本文主要介绍我们团队近年来在坩埚下降法生长硒化锡(SnSe)晶体、全无机铅卤基钙钛矿晶体、高温合金、硅酸铋晶体高通量筛选等方面的研究结果.     

镍掺杂铁酸铋薄膜的电磁性能研究

利用溶胶-凝胶工艺在ITO/玻璃衬底上制备了纯相铁酸铋(BiFeO3,BFO)和镍掺杂铁酸铋(BiFe09Ni0.1O3,BFNO)薄膜.X-射线衍射(XRD)测试表明纯相和镍掺杂铁酸铋分别为扭曲钙钛矿结构和四方相结构,具有不同的空间对称性.镍掺杂后(012)衍射峰宽化,峰强变弱,说明晶粒变小,并由原子力显微镜(AFM)测试得到验证.镍掺杂铁酸铋具有更大的介电常数和较小的漏电流.铁电测试仪和振动样品磁强计(VSM)测试结果表明镍的掺入可以迸一步提高铁酸铋的室温铁电性和铁磁性.     

钇掺杂铌酸锶陶瓷的微观结构与电性能研究

采用固相法制备了Nb2Sr2-xYxO7陶瓷.研究了掺Y对陶瓷的晶体结构、表面形貌、铁电、介电和压电性能的影响.研究结果表明:钇掺杂Sr2 Nb2 O7陶瓷,Y3+取代了A位Sr2+,形成Nb2 Sr2-xYxO7固溶体,并提高了铌酸锶陶瓷铁电、介电和压电性能.在x=0.05时,Nb2 Sr2-xYxO7陶瓷的铁电性能达到最大(剩余极化强度Pr=0.254μC/cm2);在x=0.1时,Nb2Sr2-xYxO7陶瓷的介电性能达到最大(相对介电常数εr=90,介电损耗tarδ≤0.01).     

Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3-PbZrO3弛豫铁电晶体的生长及表征

采用高温溶液法生长了准同型相界(MPB)四元弛豫铁电单晶Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2) O3-Pb(Mg1/3 Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3-PbZrO3,得到较大尺寸且具有规则外形的立方单晶.研究结果表明所生长的晶体为钙钛矿结构,立方晶粒平整的暴露面均为(001)面;晶体以层状方式生长,生长机制为搭桥生长;所生长晶体的矫顽场Ec～3.52kV/cm,三方四方相变温度Tr-t～104℃,居里温度Tc～149.5℃,压电常数d33～1089 pC/N,剩余极化强度Pr～25.4 μC/cm2;随着频率增加,晶体的相变弥散度减小.     

(111)取向0.7PMN-0.3PT薄膜机电耦合性能

铁电薄膜由于其优异物理性能,而被广泛应用于微电子、光电子、微机电领域。在铁电薄膜理论研究方面,热力学理论可以有效地预测铁电薄膜的相结构、极化特性和机电性能等,且已在(001)取向铁电薄膜的研究中取得了较好的应用,而对于(111)取向铁电薄膜的研究报道非常少。因此,本文通过对序参量坐标转换的方法,构建了(111)取向薄膜的热力学势能函数及其机电性能计算方法。基于此,研究了(111)取向0.7PMN-0.3PT铁电薄膜的相结构及其机电性能。研究结果表明,(111)取向0.7PMN-0.3PT铁电薄膜的相结构主要存在沿晶轴方向三个极化可互换的对称相:顺电相PE、菱方相R和单斜相M_A(或M_B)。在应变和外电场的调控下,(111)取向0.7PMN-0.3PT薄膜展现出优良的机电性能,在R和M_A相变点处,介电常数ε11、ε22、ε33和面外压电系数d33取得了极大值。在外电场E₃分别为0、50 kV/cm、100 kV/cm和200 kV/cm时,面外介电常数ε33的峰值分别为4 382、2 646、2 102和1 600,面外压电系数d33的峰值分别为303.8 pm/V、241.9 pm/V、219.7 pm/V和195.1 pm/V。应变和外电场能够较好地调控薄膜的机电耦合性能,可为优异机电耦合性能的器件制备提供参考。     

Triethyl ammonium salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate, [Et3NH]+[(4-MeC6H4O)2PS2]−

Triethyl ammonium Salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate and O,O′-bis(m-tolyl)dithiophosphate have been obtained by reaction of p- and m-cresol, respectively with P₂S₅ in toluene and have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate has been determined. Crystal data: [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻: Monoclinic, P2₁/c, a=15.2441(9) ?, b=10.415(2) ?, c=3.9726(9) ?, β=91.709(7)°, V=2217.5(1) ?⁻³, Z=4.Supplementary materials Additional material available from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC no. 600927 for [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻ comprises the final atomic coordinates for all atoms, thermal parameters, and a complete listing of bond distances and angles. Copies of this information may be obtained free of charge on application to The Director, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 2EZ, UK (fax: +44-1223-336033; email: deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk or www:http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk).     

First-principles coexistence simulations of supercooled liquid silicon

We perform first-principles coexistence simulations of the low-density and the high-density phases of supercooled liquid silicon and find a negative slope for the coexisting line in the temperature-pressure plane. Electron density maps and electron-localization function plots of the two phases of silicon show marked differences. The calculated differences suggest more localized electrons in the low-density liquid compared to the high-density liquid, coming from an increased population of covalent bonds, which further explain the calculated negative slope in the two phase coexistence regime. This is consistent with the presence of a pseudo-gap in low-density liquid silicon, absent in the high-density liquid which shows a metallic behavior.     

Crystal structures of thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane

Structures of both thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane, ?C₆H₄?CH₂SCH₂?C₆H₁₀?CH₂SCH₂?, have been determined, wherecis andtrans refer to the attachments to the cyclohexane ring. Thecis form crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP2₁/c witha=8.4299(11)Å,b=21.772(2)Å,c=8.9724(13)Å, β=116.574(11)^o, andZ=4. Thetrans isomer packs into the monoclinic space groupP2₁ witha=8.159(16)Å,b=10.185(5)Å,c=9.558(2)Å, β=112.435(18)^o, andZ=2. The cyclohexane ring of thecis isomer is in the chair conformation, while the cyclohexane of thetrans isomer is found in a twisted boat conformation.     

CTAB与SDBS对碳酸锶粒子生长形态调控及机理研究

以表面活性剂CTAB和SDBS为化学添加剂,采用化学共沉淀法对碳酸锶晶体的生长形态进行调控,成功地制备出了实心的树枝状和花瓣为空心的花状碳酸锶粉体,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等分析手段对样品进行了表征;最后重点对化学添加剂可能产生的影响机理进行了初步的探讨.结果表明,CTAB和SDBS在晶体生长的过程中能起到显著的影响作用,两者对粒子分散性能的作用效果相反,而且后者对晶体(013)和(213)晶面表面能降低的贡献明显大于前者.     

Crystal structure of Zn4Na(OH)6SO4Cl·6H2O

The structure of Zn₄Na(OH)₆SO₄Cl·6H₂O, a secondary mineral from Hettstedt, Germany, was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystals are hexagonal,a=8.413(8),c=13.095(24) Å, space group $P\bar 3$ , Z=2. The structure was refined to R=0.0554 and R_w=0.0903 for 970 reflections with I≥3σ(I). The structure can be described as zinc hydroxide layers perpendicular toc, from which sulfates and chlorides extend. The layers are held together by a system of hydrogen bonds involving hexaaquo Na⁺ ions which occupy the interlayer space.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 5-[2-(6-bromonaphthalenyloxymethyl)]-3-(4-morpholinomethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>)-thione

Abstract  The title compound, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, a derivative of 1,3,4-oxadiazole, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with unit cell parameters a = 6.8731(3), b = 8.9994(4), c = 15.7099(6) ?, α = 92.779(3)°, β = 130.575(3)°, γ = 107.868(4)°, Z = 2. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the planar naphthyl and morpholine (chair) rings with the planar oxadiazol ring is 50.1(8) and 76.8(6)°, respectively. The planar naphthyl ring is twisted 52.2(5)° with the mean plane of the morpholine ring. A group of four intermolecular close contacts are observed between a bromine atom and hydrogen atoms from the closely packed naphthyl, morpholine and oxy–methyl groups in the unit cell. These molecular interactions in concert with an additional series of π–π stacking interactions that occur between the center of gravity of the two 6-membered rings of the naphthalene group influence the twist angles of each of these three groups. A MOPAC AM1 calculation of the conformation energy of the crystal structure [226.0128(9) kcal] compared to that of the minimum energy structure after geometry optimization [29.9744(1) kcal] reveals a significantly reduced value. The twist angles of the three groups above also change after the AM1 calculation giving support to the influence of both intermolecular C–H···Br short-range interactions and Cg π–π stacking interactions on these angles which therefore play a role in stabilizing crystal packing. Graphical Abstract  Crystal structure of 5-{[(6-bromonaphthalen-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, is reported and its geometric and packing parameters described and compared to a MOPAC computational calculation. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Crystal structure of irisolidone from the flowers of Pueraia lobata

Irisolidone (5,7-dihydroxy-6,4′-dimethoxyisoflavone) was isolated from the flowers of Pueraia lobata and its crystal structure was examined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The crystal structure of irisolidone is monoclinic, space group P2₁/c with a = 15.491(9) ?, b = 7.895(4) ?, c = 13.321(7) ?, β = 110.546(9)° and Z = 4. Hydrogen bonding and aromatic π–π stacking assemble the title compound into a three-dimensional networking structure.     

Synthesis of spinacine and spinacine derivatives: crystal and molecular structures of Nπ-hydroxymethyl spinacine and Nα-methyl spinaceamine

The natural amino acid L-Spinacine (4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid) has been synthesized following a new pathway which gives a chemically and optically pure product with an excellent yield. The crystal structures of a synthetic intermediate, N^π-hydroxymethyl-spinacine, and a spinacine derivative, N^α-methyl-spinaceamine, have been investigated through X-ray diffraction: Spi(πMeOH)·H₂O, monoclinicP2 _i,a=8.571(1),b=6.682(1),c=8.588(1) Å, and β=94.67(1)^o. Spm(αMe)·2HCl·H₂O, triclinicP l,a=7.492(4),b=10.799(3),c=7.040(2) Å, α=91.88(2), β=98.36(3) and γ=73.34(3)^o. Spi(πMeOH) crystallizes with a water molecule and displays a zwitterionic character. The carboxylate group is in equatorial position and forms a short electrostatic interaction of 2.618(2) Å between one of its oxygens and the protonated nitrogen of the tetrahydropyridine ring. The crystal packing is assured by strong O?H???O, O?H???N, N?H???N intermolecular hydrogen bonds and C?H???O close contacts. The biprotonated compounds Spm(αMe) crystallizes with two Cl^? anions and a water molecule. The positive charge on the imidazole ring is delocalized on the conjugated moiety N=C?N. The crystal is built up by clusters formed by two biprotonated Spm(αMe) molecules, four Cl^? anions and two water molecules linked together by hydrogen bonds.