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1.
R. M. Dorizzi Michele Schinella Antonella Pupillo Luca Endrizzi 《Accreditation and quality assurance》2000,5(9):367-370
The estimation of reference limits represents quite a taxing task for laboratories which frequently adopt the limits suggested
by manufacturers or those reported in the literature. This practice does not meet the requirements of accreditation programs
(i.e. Essential Criteria, Clinical Pathology Accreditation) that require laboratories to produce or check all their reference
intervals. We collected 15 244 hematological results from females aged 0–99 years obtained by the Rovereto Hospital Laboratory
and calculated the reference intervals, or to be more precise the health-related intervals, using an indirect method (based
on all the inpatient and outpatient results). All the measurements were carried out using an automatic Coulter STK S analyzer,
and the results were transferred to Verona by e-mail. The results for hemoglobin were: <1 year (n=154)=90–171 g/l; 2–8 years
(n=619)=104–136 g/l; 9–14 years (n=322)=118–143 g/l; 15–44 years (n=6329)=106–144 g/l; 45–75 years (n=4893)=107–148 g/l; 75–99 years
(n=2927)=90–153 g/l. The results appear different from the results currently used by Rovereto Hospital (120–160 g/l) but comparable
to those reported in the literature with the exception of the subjects under 1 year and over 75 years, probably due to the
excess of "diseased" subjects in these classes. The indirect method allows even small laboratories to produce or check their
reference intervals for all age groups, increasing the clinical effectiveness of laboratory results and satisfying the accreditation
standards.
Received: 15 April 2000 · Accepted: 20 April 2000 相似文献
2.
Anders Kallner 《Accreditation and quality assurance》2000,5(9):397-398
In Stockholm a conference entitled: "Strategies to Set Global Quality Specifications in Laboratory Medicine" was held in
April 1999. The primary aim in organizing the Conference was to provide a vehicle for reaching consensus on global quality
specifications in laboratory medicine. This objective was achieved and a lively constructive debate, after the presentations
were complete, led to agreement on the principles laid down in the Consensus Statement. The International Federation of Clinical
Chemistry (IFCC), the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) kindly
sponsored the Conference but it must be noted that the Consensus Statement reflects the views of the presenters and registrants
who participated in the Conference and does not necessarily represent those of the sponsoring bodies. This paper reports on
the standardization efforts so far, the Stockholm Consensus Conference, the ISO uncertainty concept and the consensus reality.
A hierarchy of quality specifications in laboratory medicine was defined and agreed on.
Received: 15 April 2000 · Accepted: 15 April 2000 相似文献
3.
Hans Küffer 《Accreditation and quality assurance》2000,5(9):374-376
The laboratories of six hospitals in the Canton of Wallis in Switzerland have been connected to one central laboratory, using
the same database, the same software applications for the laboratory, pathology and pharmacy, and the same office and administration
software. Some instruments in "Point of Care" sites are online for result transmission and for telemaintenance. The physicians
may order drugs, material for sampling, analyses for specified patients and may consult knowledge bases, the patient data
base, results and reports in different formats (ASCII, HTML, PDF, JPG, GIF, ...) using browsers like Netscape or MS-Explorer.
To guarantee privacy, the access is restricted and protected by user-name, password and firewall. This report describes conditions for a successful introduction and usage of quality management through laboratory telematics.
Received: 15 April 2000 · Accepted: 15 April 2000 相似文献
4.
Tijen Tanyalcin Diler Aslan Yusuf Kurtulmus Nalan Gökalp Kamil Kumanlioğlu 《Accreditation and quality assurance》2000,5(9):383-387
In this study the reference intervals for folate and vitamin B12 were estimated according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Approved Guideline C28-A and International
Federation of Clinical Chemistry recommendations. The study included 155 women and 124 men between ages 18–40. The health
status was confirmed by history, physical examination and a questionnaire. The central 95% reference intervals of serum folate
and vitamin B12 for women, determined non-parametrically, were found to be 3.9–18.1 ng/ml and 101–666.7 pg/ml, respectively.
The reference values of serum folate and vitamin B12 for men were also found to be 2,5–17.6 ng/ml and 100–699.57 pg/ml, respectively.
We did not observe subclass differences between females and males.
Received: 15 April 2000 · Accepted: 15 April 2000 相似文献
5.
Healthcare is changing and clinical laboratory testing must change with it. In no discipline is this change more profound
than in hematology. The principles of total quality management (TQM) including continuous quality improvement, reengineering
and strategic planning can facilitate these changes. In the past, hematology has often been exlcuded from these processes
due to its many manual procedures and the degree of expertise and skill needed to perform the testing. As automated technology
continues to evolve, hematology testing, like other testing, will become integrated into the core, clinical laboratory. We
suggest TQM can, and should, guide the way.
Received: 15 April 2000 · Accepted: 19 April 2000 相似文献
6.
Maintaining the quality of testing in remote locations can be demanding of laboratory resources in terms of daily visits
to instruments and providing support outside of normal working hours. Recently technology and software solutions have appeared
to reduce this burden for laboratory scientists dramatically. The AVL Auto QC unit, in conjunction with OMNILink software,
allow laboratory staff to perform many quality control and maintenance procedures on instruments in wards and medical units
from a PC in the central laboratory. Assessment of this technology and software in the Special Baby Care Unit at Bradford
Royal Infirmary has demonstrated many benefits including reduction in ward visits, better support out of hours, regular quality
control checks, and improved analytical quality.
Received: 15 April 2000 · Accepted: 15 April 2000 相似文献
7.
F. Linnebank 《Accreditation and quality assurance》2000,5(9):377-380
The Netherlands Institute for Accreditation of Hospitals (NIAZ) was established at the end of 1998. It was founded by the
PACE foundation, the Society of University Hospitals, the Netherlands Association of General Hospitals and the Society of
Medical Specialists in the Netherlands. Since then in the Netherlands 19 pilot accreditations have been performed based upon
35 NIAZ-PACE standards for hospital departments and functions, and the overall standard 'quality system'. The aims and methods
of the accreditation system were inspired by examples from the other side of the Atlantic, especially from Canada. The characteristics
are: voluntary-based, self-evaluation, peer-review and aiming at continuous improvement of quality of care.
Received: 15 April 2000 · Accepted: 15 April 2000 相似文献
8.
Brian Belanger 《Accreditation and quality assurance》2001,6(3):100-102
During the last quarter of the twentieth century, The United States National Bureau of Standards (NBS), later the National
Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), introduced a measurement quality control concept called ”measurement assurance,”
and developed measurement assurance programs, or MAPs, for high-level calibration processes. The measurement assurance approach
has, over time, become increasingly popular in the metrology community, and in recent years has become well accepted both
inside and, to some extent, outside the United States as a rigorous way to ensure the quality of calibrations. The concept
has also found application in defining traceability to national standards. This paper traces the history of the measurement
assurance concept.
Received: 23 October 2000 Accepted: 2 November 2000 相似文献
9.
Rob T. P. Jansen 《Accreditation and quality assurance》2000,5(9):363-366
Most efforts in quality control have been focussed on the reduction of intralaboratory variation and the assessment of interlaboratory
variation. Over the last few years, the importance of bias in interlaboratory variation and intralaboratory shifts has become
clear. Small shifts can sometimes have a large impact on the number of treated patients, particularly in assays where cut
off values are used. For example in cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, HbA1c and TSH assays. There is an obvious need for adequate
calibration material. However, the process of development of international primary reference materials and reference methods
takes time, and even if reference materials exist and are used by in vitro diagnostics manufacturers, there still remains
significant and clinically relevant interlaboratory variance and intralaboratory shifts, as is seen, e.g. in protein chemistry.
The harmonization of inter laboratory and intralaboratory results needs an impulse from professional organizations to convince
individual laboratories of the importance and significance of bias. This applies to all subdisciplines of laboratory medicine.
On the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the Foundation for External Quality Assessment (SKZL), a large interdisciplinary
harmonization project called Calibration 2000 was launched in The Netherlands The strategy and first results are reported
in this paper. The project aims at harmonization of laboratory data of several disciplines, using secondary calibration materials,
leading to common reference ranges throughout The Netherlands.
Received: 15 April 2000 · Accepted: 15 April 2000 相似文献
10.
R. Dybkaer 《Accreditation and quality assurance》2001,6(1):16-19
The medical laboratory must provide results of measurements that are comparable over space and time in order to aid medical
diagnosis and therapy. Thus, metrological traceability, preferably to the SI, is necessary. The task is formidable due to
the many disciplines involved, the high production rate, short request-to-report time, small sample volumes, microheterogeneity
of many analytes, and complex matrices. The prerequisite reference measurement systems include definition of measurand, unit
of measurement (when applicable), consecutive levels of measurement procedures and calibrators in a calibration hierarchy,
international organizations, reference measurement laboratories, dedicated manufacturers, written standards and guides for
the medical laboratory, production of reference materials, internal and external quality control schemes, and increasingly
accreditation. The present availability of reference measurement procedures and primary calibrators is shown to be insufficient
to obtain international comparability of all types of quantity in laboratory medicine.
Received: 19 April 2000 / Accepted: 3 July 2000 相似文献
11.
A combination of "black box" and "calendar-time" methods for the determination of calibration intervals of an analytical
measuring instrument is discussed. Since the methods require information on the distributions of the calibration parameters,
such information is described for an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, as an example. The hypotheses on the normal distribution
of the calibration parameters are tested using the ω2-criterion and accepted at 0.90–0.95 levels of confidence. Corresponding control charts are designed for indication of warning
and action limits of the calibration parameters, and diagnoses of outliers in further calibrations. Control charts indicate
also when the calibration should be done according to the full program of the equipment manufacturer.
Received: 15 April 2000 / Accepted: 24 July 2000 相似文献
12.
K. D. Cleaver 《Accreditation and quality assurance》2001,6(1):8-15
A general review of key issues involved in the analysis of process gases is presented. The reasons for such measurements
– which include safety, quality, environmental and economic factors are considered. The technical issues arising from these
measurements are dependent upon a variety of factors, including the overall sampling system, the type of analytical instrumentation,
methods of data collection and the specified calibration protocols. The use of gas calibration cylinders as transfer standards
is detailed and issues of stability and traceability to reference material discussed.
Received: 1 March 2000 / Accepted: 31 March 2000 相似文献
13.
David W. Holt 《Accreditation and quality assurance》2000,5(9):389-391
This report addresses the proposition: current proficiency testing (PT) schemes for therapeutics and toxicology can easily
engender complacency. The proposition was based on the premise that there are substantial between-laboratory differences and
objectives in the supply of services for the measurement of drugs, as a result of which it is difficult to design PT schemes
which adequately cover the requirements of all laboratories. Thus, acceptable performance in a PT scheme may lead participants
to consider that they have tested their procedures more rigorously than is the case. Four areas, validity of the PT scheme,
PT material, frequency of testing and acceptance criteria are examined.
Received: 15 April 2000 · Accepted: 15 April 2000 相似文献
14.
Ryszard Dobrowolski 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2001,370(7):850-854
A 6% slurry of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in 4% hydrofluoric acid and 1% nickel nitrate were used as modifiers for determination
of selenium in soils by GF AAS. PTFE was used to remove silica from the soil sample, because this resulted in severe matrix
effects. The temperature of fluorination, determined thermogravimetrically, was 600 °C. The yield of fluorination depends
on the molar ratio of PTFE/silica, particle size, and the time and temperature of fluorination. The soil samples were pretreated
with a small amount of concentrated hydrofluoric acid placed directly in the cup of autosampler. The results for the determination
of selenium in the reference soil materials by means of the slurry-sampling technique and use of aqueous standards are in
good agreement with the certified values.
Received: 20 December 2000 / Revised: 3 April 2001 / Accepted: 5 April 2001 相似文献
15.
M. R. Ganjali Tahereh Poursaberi Fatemeh Basiripour Masoud Salavati-Niassari Mohammad Yousefi Mojtaba Shamsipur 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2001,370(8):1091-1095
A PVC membrane electrode based on a cadmium–salen (N,N′-bis-salicylidene-1,2ethylenediamine) complex as an anion carrier is described. The electrode has an anti-Hofmeister selectivity
sequence with a preference for thiocyanate at pH 1.5–11.0. It has a linear response to thiocyanate from 1.0 × 10–6 to 1.0 × 10–1 mol L–1 with a slope of 59.1 ± 0.2 mV per decade, and a detection limit of 7 × 10–7 mol L–1. This electrode has high selectivity for thiocyanate relative to many common organic and inorganic anions. The proposed sensor
has a fast response time of approximately 15 s. It was applied to the determination of thiocyanate in a milk sample.
Received: 1 December 2000 / Revised: 19 April 2001 / Accepted: 30 April 2001 相似文献
16.
B. M. Coursey J. M. R. Hutchinson L. L. Lucas W. B. Mann T. Matsumura J. R. Noyce 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1978,43(2):451-460
The low-level radioactivity laboratory in the Radioactivity Section of the National Bureau of Standards, and its work in producing
standards for monitoring in the environment, are described.
Contribution of the National Bureau of Standards, not subject to copyright. 相似文献
17.
I.-L. Popescu H. Y. Aboul-Enein D. V. Napradean G. L. Radu I. G. Tanase 《Accreditation and quality assurance》2001,6(8):376-378
This paper describes the practical implementation of a quality system in the control laboratory of the National Medicines
Agency, Romania, the main aim being the alignment of the requirements of the control of drugs in Romania with European Union
standards. Activity in this field is relatively new in Romania, however, it is of great importance to Romania’s compliance
with international standards.
Received: 13 September 2000 Accepted: 19 February 2001 相似文献
18.
Bunthoon Laongsri Cheerapa Boonyakong Nongluck Tangpaisarnkul Chainarong Cherdchu 《Accreditation and quality assurance》2007,12(3-4):194-200
It has not been long that metrology is well accepted as an important part in analytical chemistry since it helps the chemists
to receive the best measurement and accurate results with traceability. The National Institute of Metrology Thailand (NIMT),
which is a public agency under the supervision of the Ministry of Science and Technology, not only focuses on physical standards
but also provides and maintains standards in chemical field. pH measurement is one of the most widely used in the laboratories
including industries and medical area in Thailand. The chemical laboratory starts working on the project with the objective
of disseminating an accurate result in routine pH measurement. In 2002, the laboratory provided a service in calibration of
pH meter and organized the first local interlaboratory comparison program (NIMT–C-ILC-1: pH buffer) in pH measurement. There
were three buffer solution samples in the range of acid, neutral, and base. A total of 44 laboratories participated in this
program. The NIMT chemical laboratory also participated in the proficiency testing program that was conducted by PSB Corporation
Testing Group in Singapore. In 2003, NIMT started research in preparation of secondary buffers by using highly accurate pH
meters with glass electrode systems. The laboratory produced three secondary buffers, which were pH 4.01, 6.86, and 9.18 with
uncertainty 0.020 pH at 25°C. The competence of the laboratory was shown by the measurement results of the pilot study (APMP.QM-P06),
which was organized by the APMP electrochemical analysis working group (EAWG/TCQM) in 2005. The title of this study was “pH
determination of two phosphate buffers by Harned cell method and glass electrode method”. NIMT aims to achieve for establishment
of the primary method for pH measurement in the near future.
Presented at -- “BERM-10” -- April 2006, Charleston, SC, USA 相似文献
19.
I. Mayer 《Theoretical chemistry accounts》2000,104(2):163-166
A generalization of the two-by-two rotation technique is proposed, permitting a whole row (column) of the matrix to be treated
simultaneously. The method is based on the explicit analytical evaluation of the matrix exponent representing a symmetric
combination of the individual rotations. Besides constructing the unitary transformation matrices, a new orthogonalization
algorithm is also proposed. The resulting “unitary perturbation theory” and orthogonalization method may be useful in different
areas.
Received: 15 November 1999 / Accepted: 30 January 2000 / Published online: 19 April 2000 相似文献
20.
P. Ya. Tishchenko 《Russian Chemical Bulletin》2000,49(4):680-684
The Pitzer method was used to calculate the pH values on the conventional and “true” scales for the TRIS—TRIS·HCl−NaCl−H2O buffer system in the 0–40 °C temperature region and 0–4 NaCl molality interval. This buffer can be used as a standard for
pH measurements in a wide range of ionic strengths. The conventional scale is used in cells without a salt bridge. The “true”
scale is recommended for pH measurements using cells with a salt bridge. At the same concentrations of the buffer solution,
the “true” scale is essentially transformed into the scale of the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) of the USA.
Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 4, pp. 676–680, April, 2000. 相似文献