AMMONIUM TREATMENT OF NATURAL CLINOPTILOLITE AND ITS CHARACTER OF ION—EXCHANGE

Ammonium can change the type of natural clinoptilolite from Jinyun of Zhejiang Province of China.The character of exchange and selectivity of ammonium type clinoptilolite to the alkali and alkaline-earth metal were investigated,the heatresistance and nitric acid-resistance of natural clinoptilolite were discussed.All types of clinoptilolite were researched by means of X-ray,IR spectroscopy,DTA analyses.The ion exchange was experimented by column operation,indicating that the valid amount of exchange capacity of NH4^+ type clinoptiloties is more than 25mg/g.     

STRUCTURAL FEATURE AND EXCHANGE KINETICS OF CARBOXYLATED POLYPROPYLENE ION EXCHANGE RESIN

The present article deals with the exchange process of bivalent metal ions, such as Zn~(2+), Cd~(2+) and Hg~(2+), etc., taken up by non-crosslinked earboxylated polypropylene (CPP) resin. The control factor of the exchange rate deduced from the kinetic data is governed basically by the chemical reaction rather than the mass transfer effect particle diffusion and/or liquid film diffusion. In solution, all the graft chains in the outer shell of a CPP resin could form a "quasi-macromolecular solution" domain. This opinion further demonstrates the structural pattern of CPP resin proposed in earlier paper.     

SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION OF LIGNIN BY MEANS OF ION EXCHANGE PROCESS

The effect of resin structure on desalination of lignin solution was investigated, the optimal structure of resin is as follows; cross linking degree is 4% , ratio of cationogen to anionogen is near 1. with such resin the desalination of lignin was produced very well because the resin has both molecule sieving and ion retardation properties. The sulfonation degree of lignin and total salt content of lignin solution were determinred with ion exchange technique, the relative error less than 1 %. The salt content of small molecule in the lignin solution was calculated from sulfonation degree of lignin and total salt. Among gel and macroporous resins the best separation of lignin from reducing sugar was achieved with interpenetrating sulfonated resin 2×1. 5×1. The separation of lignin with interpenetrating resin was carried out simultaneously with fractionation of lignin, the effect of fractionation with macroporous sulfonated resin is better than that with interpenetrating resin, but the former has a definite sorption of lignin which decreased the recovery of lignin.     

DETERMINATION OF ION EXCHANGE EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANTS FOR THE WEAK ACID CATION AND THE WEAK BASE ANION EXCHANGE RESINS

The general procedure based on the potentiometric titration has been developed. According to the procedure, the rational equilibrium constants of the ion exchange reactions RH/Na, RH/Ca, RH/Sr,RH/Ba for the weak acid cation exchange resin D725 and ROH/CI for the weak base anion exchange resin D705 have been determined.     

CARBON MATERIALS FOR LITHIUM ION BATTERIES

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STUDY OF ACTIVE MATERIALS FOR THE RARE EARTH ION SELECTIVE ELECTRODES

The research work on preparation process of active materials of the rare earth ion selective electrodes and the valence of the electrode membrane were reported. The active materials were characterized by infrared spectrum, elemental analysis and XPS.We had studied the rare earth ion selective electrodes in which the active materials consist of functional polymers[1-3]. In this paper, the research work on preparation process and the valence of the electrode membrane were reported, which has not been seen in literature yet.     

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ION EXCHANGE MEMBRANES BASED ON POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE

A new ion exchange membrane based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and sulfonated poly(styrenedivinylbenzene) was prepared by in-situ polymerization. The incorporation of sulfonic groups into the polyvinylidene fluoride composite membrane was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy (IR), ion exchange capacity (IEC) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). Area resistance, IEC and water uptake of the treated membrane were evaluated. When area resistance in NaCl aqueous solution at 25℃, IEC is as high as 2.43 millimoles per gram of the wet membrane. The hydrophilicity of PVDF membrane is also significantly improved after treatment. When 60% of crosslinked membrane was sulfonated at 80℃ for 6 h, water uptake of the treated membrane can attain 64.7%.     

DIFFUSIVITY OF RARE EARTH ION IN POROUS ION EXCHANGE RESINS

TheporousionexchangeresinshavebecomeanimportantreactivepolarermaterialwhicharewidelyappliedinindustrialoperationsHowever,afewstudi..[l--3]reportedtheintraparticlediffusivityofporousionexchangers.Theionexchangedisplacementprocessonporousresinbedforseparationofrareearthsistheoneofthebestwaystoenhancetheeffectivityofthismethod.TounderstandthediffusionoftheionintheresinisveryavailablefolimproVingtheprocess.EXPERIMENTAL1.Pre--experimentsAllthereagentsusedareA.R.grade.152'154Euisusedasaradiot…     

STUDY ON CONTINUOUS ELECTROREGENERATION OF ION EXCHANGE RESIN

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POTENTIOMETRIC BEHAVIOR OF CHELATING ION EXCHANGE RESIN IN WATER AND IN ETHANOL-WATER MIXTURES

The potentiometric behavior of the chelating ion exchange resin D751 containing iminodiacetic acid groups has been studied at 25℃ by batch titration with alkali and acid in water and in ethanol - water mixture solvent. The titrtion curves, the amount of chemically bound counter-ions and invasive electrolytes in the resin phase,and the solvent contents of the resin have been investigated.     

INTERACTION OF AMINO ACID WITH ION EXCHANGE RESIN Ⅲ.FURTHER INVESTIGA TION OF SUPEREQUIVALENT ADSORPTION MECHANISM OF AMINO ACID ON ION EXCHANGE RESIN

The adsorption isotherms of glycine,alanine and oxidized glutathion on strong acid cation and strong base anion exchange resins from aqueous solutions were measured and the superequivalent adsorptions of glycine and alanine observed.The infrared spectra of glycine adsorbed on the cation and the anion exchange resins,001×7 and 201×7,were measured.From these results,it is concluded that the amino acid adsorption on the ion exchange resin proceeds not only through ion exchange and proton transfer mechanisms,but also through aminecarboxylate interaction between the adsorbed amino acid molecules,and the formation of second layer of amino acid molecules is the mechanism of superequivalent adsorption of amino acid,the carboxylate or amine groups of the first layer of amino acid molecules on the ion exchange resin act as the exchange sites for the second layer of amino acid molecules.     

POTENTIOMETRIC BEHAVIOR OF CHELATING ION EXCHANGE RESIN IN WATER AND IN ETHANOL—WATER MIXTURES

The potentiometric behavior of the chelating ion exchange resin D751 containing iminodiacetic acid groups has been studied at 25℃ by batch titration with alkali and acid in water and in ethanol-water mixture solvent.The titrtion curves,the amount of chemically bound counter-ions and invasive electrolytes in the resin phase,and the solvent contents the resin have been investigated.     

THE SIMULATION OF CONTINUOUS COUNTER—CURRENT ION EXCHANGE PROCESS

A backflow model of PSS process describing the continuous counter-current ion exchange column is proposed in this paper.The results of simulation are in agreement with experimental data considerably.     

A NEW METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF PHENOLS AND ITS DERIVATIVES

a-Oxo ketene dithioacetals 2 via 1,2-nucleophilie addition by methallyl magnesius chloride afforded corresponding alcohols (3). Treated with water or methanol and catalyzed by Lewis acid, the alcohols 3 were converted regiospecifical ly to substituted phenols 5' or related phenol methyl ethers 5 respectively. This reaction is a novel approach to the synthesis of phenols and their derivatives starting from non-aromatic precursors.     

A MODEL OF CAPILLARY NETWORKS FOR THE EXCHANGE OF SUBSTANCES

A mathematical model of substantial exchange between three capillaries and the surrounding tissue is presented.We suppose that three capillaries, which are parallel to each other and have the same radius and circular section, are arranged in equilateral triangle.Fluid movement across the capillary walls is assumed to be governed by the generalized Starling's law.The motion of the interstitial fluid obeys Darcy's law.The calculated result obtained in this paper shows that in order to study the effect of capillary networks on the tissue space, as a whole, we have found a concept of equivalent pressure, concentration and source strength for the networks.     

SYNTHESIS OF POLYSILOXANE-SUPPORTED SELENAETHER PLATINUM COMPLEX AND ITS CATALYTIC PROPERTY FOR HYDROSILYLATION OF OLEFINS

A new type of selenious polymer, silica-bound polybispropoxyethyl-selenidesilsesquioxane,and its platinum complex were synthesized from bis-allyloxyethyl selenide via hydrosily-lation with triethoxysilane, followed by immobilized on fumed silica, and then reactingwith potassium chloroplatinite under nitrogen atmosphere in acetone. It was found thatthe platinum complex can catalyze the hydrosilylation of olefins with triethoxysilane effec-tively The effects of the nature of the substrate, the amount of complex used, and thereaction temperature on the catalytic activity were investigated.     

THE SEPARATION OF BASE METALS FROM PLATINUM METALS BY ION EXCHANGE

In this paper the separation of base metals Fe, Co, Ni and Cu from the platinum metalson a cation exchanger column was studied. The convenient separation conditions are 0.5 mol·dm-3 NaCl, pH=2. The recovery efficiency of Rh is     

STUDY ON THE PHYSICAL CHEMICALPROPERTIES OF FFA-1 ION EXCHANGE FIBER

1.INTRODUCTIONComparedwiththetraditionalionexchangeresin,theionexchangefiber(IEF)hasmanyexcellentproperties,suchasthelargeefficientsurfaceare4rapidsorptionrate,differentfabricformsforvarioususes,andcanberegeneratedeasily.Sincethelateof70's,thiskindofnewfunctionalfiberhasbeenpreparedandappliedwithapilotscaleinalotofcountries,especiallyinthepre-USSRandJapan,andsuccessfulusedinthepurifyingofwastegasandwatercontainingtoxicimpurities,andthebeneficiationofsomepreciousmetalionsif-31.FFA--1IE…     

STUDY OF ENDOSPERM PLANTS OF Lycium barbarum L. AND ITS POTENTIALITY FOR PRACTICAL USE

This paper reports morphological differences between diploid, triploid, tetraploid, mixploid endosperm plants and the original diploid plants. In comparison with original diploids, the triploid, tetraploid and mixploid endosperm plants have larger stomas, greater variability in flowor organs, decreased fertility, decreased seed set per fruit, and a lot of abnormalities in chromosome behaviour in meiosis. The propagation of endosperm triploid seedless plants is in progress.     

INTERACTION OF AMINO ACID WITH ION EXCHANGERESIN Ⅲ．FURTHER INVESTIGATION OF SUPEREQUIVALENT ADSORPTION MECHANISM OF AMINO ACID ON ION EXCHANGE RESIN

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