First electrochemical evidence of existence of an oxomanganese(V) porphyrin intermediate in the reaction of manganese(III) porphyrin and hydrogen peroxide as a model of enzyme mimetics

We report in this study on the first electrochemical evidence of existence of an oxomanganese(V) porphyrin complex, formed upon the reaction of the manganese meso-tetrakis-(2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-N,N,N-trimethyl-4-aniliniumyl) porphyrin (noted Mn(TF₄TMPA) with hydrogen peroxide in 50 mM borate buffer aqueous solution (pH 10.5) at 0 °C. The obtained results bring a clear insight into the previously reported and suggested formation of such an intermediate during the electroassisted reaction of manganese porphyrins or Schiff bases and molecular oxygen in various conditions, as enzyme mimetic.     

Biomimetic Electroreduction of O2 by Hemoglobin in a Surfactant Film: Preliminary Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Insight

We report in this study on the direct electron transfer for hemoglobin (Hb) entrapped in cationic didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) surfactant films cast on vitreous‐carbon electrodes, in neutral aqueous solution. This was achieved by using for the first time the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. This allows providing further insights in the electrical properties of these biofilms. The electroassisted catalytic reduction of molecular oxygen by the entrapped Hb, in neutral aqueous solution was also investigated. A catalytic current was observed close to the Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox potential of the immobilized Hb, and the intensity of the voltammetric cathodic peak (measured by cyclic voltammetry) is directly proportional to oxygen partial pressure. The influence of oxygen partial pressure on the impedance response of the films was also analyzed. The obtained results emphasizes the fact that the total charge transfer resistance of the modified electrode decreases with increasing oxygen partial pressure. A preliminary explanation of such an observation is discussed.     

选择性刻蚀制备铜锰复合氧化物及其CO催化氧化性能

由于在工业、环保和能源等诸多领域的潜在应用,低温CO催化氧化催化剂的研发引起了广泛关注.尽管贵金属表现出优越的CO氧化活性和稳定性,但是其有限储量和高昂价格一直限制着它们的实际应用.铜锰氧化物是著名的霍加拉特催化剂的主组分,价格低廉,催化氧化CO活性高,可高效替代贵金属催化剂.大量研究已证实, CO在铜锰氧化物上的氧化遵循氧化-还原机理,因此调变铜锰氧化物催化剂的氧化-还原性能对于改善其CO氧化活性至关重要.本文报道了一种简单的选择性刻蚀技术,即在铜、锰前驱物共沉淀过程中引入氨水作为刻蚀剂,利用氨水与铜离子的强络合作用选择性刻蚀铜组分,调变铜锰氧化物的铜锰比,有效改善了铜锰氧化物的氧化-还原特性,从而提高了其CO氧化性能. X射线粉末衍射(XRD)测试结果表明,初始制备的样品结晶弱,主要物相包含铜锰复合氧化物和氧化锰,此外还存在少量碳酸锰.不同浓度氨水刻蚀几乎未改变铜锰氧化物的物相组成.透射电子显微(TEM)照片中几乎没有发现晶格相,进一步证实这些铜锰氧化物的弱结晶本质.扫描电子显微(SEM)照片显示初始制备的铜锰复合氧化物主要由1.5?m左右的球形颗粒堆积而成,氨水刻蚀后颗粒形状变得不规则,表面更加粗糙,样品比表面积也从刻蚀前的85 m2/g增加到139 m2/g.理论上,氨水与铜的络合作用更强,样品主体和表面组成分析结果显示,随着氨刻蚀量增加,铜含量逐步降低,这清晰证实了氨有效地选择性刻蚀了铜组分. 进一步运用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、氢程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、CO程序升温还原(CO-TPR)和氧程序升温脱附(O2-TPD)等测试手段表征了铜锰氧化物的氧化和还原特性,特别是氨刻蚀后催化剂氧化-还原性能. XPS分析显示铜锰氧化物中铜和锰物种的氧化态分别为+2和+3,氨刻蚀并没有改变两物种的氧化态. H2-TPR和CO-TPR证实氨刻蚀有效促进了铜锰氧化物中晶格氧从锰到铜物种的迁移,氨刻蚀同时还增强了与铜和锰键合的晶格氧物种的反应活性. O2-TPD结果进一步表明,氨刻蚀显著改善了铜锰氧化物中与铜键合晶格氧的释放.综合来看,氨刻蚀可有效促进铜锰氧化物的晶格氧迁移、释放和反应等氧化-还原特性. CO氧化反应研究显示,氨刻蚀大幅度促进了铜锰氧化物的催化活性.当反应温度在30?C时,相比于初始制备的铜锰氧化物催化剂,氨水刻蚀的样品上CO转化率提高了30%,达到90%转化率时的温度降低了20?C.关联催化剂结构表征和CO氧化性能数据发现,以表面Cu量归一化的CO氧化反应速率与催化剂的氧化-还原性能正相关.这一结果清晰证实氨刻蚀能显著改善铜锰氧化物的氧化-还原特性,进而有效促进其CO氧化活性.     

乙二醛缩双(邻氨基苯酚)合锰(II)配合物的合成及其催化行为研究

合成了乙二醛缩双(邻氨基苯酚)合锰(II)配合物, 讨论了其在DMF中的载氧行为、氧合动力学; 设计正交试验考察了以分子氧为氧源, 该配合物催化氧化醋酸去氢表雄酮生成7-酮基醋酸去氢表雄酮的性能, 最高收率达78.4%.     

Synthesis and Electrochemical and In Situ Spectroelectrochemical Characterization of Chloroindium(III) and Chloromanganese(III) Phthalocyanines Bearing 4‐((4′‐Trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)phenoxy Substituents

The synthesis of novel tetra‐substituted manganese and indium phthalocyanines was achieved by cyclotetramerization of corresponding phthalonitrile derivative. The new compounds have been characterized by using UV‐vis, IR, ¹H NMR and mass spectroscopic data. Spectroelectrochemical characterization of an indium phthalocyanine complex was performed for the first time in this paper and its electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical responses were compared with manganese phthalocyanine, bearing a redox active metal center. Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical measurements exhibit that incorporation of redox active metal ion, Mn^III, instead of In^III into the phthalocyanine core extends the redox capabilities of the complex including the metal‐based reduction couples of the metal center and affect the aggregation behavior of the complexes. Presence of molecular oxygen in the electrolyte system affects the voltammetric and spectroelectrochemical responses of the phthalocyanines due to the interaction between the complexes and molecular oxygen. MnPc and InPc formed µ‐oxo species and this reaction changed the electrochemical and optic responses of the complexes, which are desired properties for sensor and electrocatalytic applications of a material. An in situ electrocolorimetric method has been applied to investigate the color of the electro‐generated anionic and cationic forms of the complexes for possible electrochromatic applications and for clarify the interaction mechanism of the MnPc with molecular oxygen.     

Photoelectro‐Synergistic Catalysis at Ti/TiO2/PbO2 Electrode and Its Application on Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand

In this paper, photoelectro‐synergistic catalysis oxidation of organics in water on Ti/TiO₂/PbO₂ electrode was investigated by the method of electrochemistry. Furthermore, the results were compared with those obtained from photocatalysis and electrocatalysis. The method proposed was applied to determine the chemical oxygen demand (COD) value, Ti/TiO₂/PbO₂ electrode functioning as the work electrode during the process. It was shown that the method of photoelectro‐synergistic catalysis had lower detection limit and wider linear range than the methods of electroassisted photocatalysis and electrocatalysis. The results obtained by the proposed method and conventional one were compared by carrying out the experiment on 8 wastewater samples. The correlation of the results using different methods was satisfactory and the relative bias was below ±6.0%.     

Site‐ and Enantioselective C−H Oxygenation Catalyzed by a Chiral Manganese Porphyrin Complex with a Remote Binding Site

A chiral manganese porphyrin complex with a two‐point hydrogen‐bonding site was prepared and probed in catalytic C?H oxygenation reactions of 3,4‐dihydroquinolones. The desired oxygenation occurred with perfect site selectivity at the C4 methylene group and with high enantioselectivity in favor of the respective 4S‐configured secondary alcohols (12 examples, 29–97 % conversion, 19–68 % yield, 87–99 % ee). Mechanistic studies support the hypothesis that the reaction proceeds through a rate‐ and selectivity‐determining attack of the reactive manganese oxo complex at the hydrogen‐bound substrate and an oxygen transfer by a rebound mechanism.     

MOF‐Derived Double‐Layer Hollow Nanoparticles with Oxygen Generation Ability for Multimodal Imaging‐Guided Sonodynamic Therapy

The high reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation ability and simple construction of sonosensitizer systems remain challenging in sonodynamic therapy against the hypoxic tumor. In this work, we rationally prepared MOF‐derived double‐layer hollow manganese silicate nanoparticle (DHMS) with highly effective ROS yield under ultrasound irradiation for multimodal imaging‐guided sonodynamic therapy (SDT). The presence of Mn in DHMS increased ROS generation efficiency because it could be oxidized by holes to improve the electron–hole separation. Moreover, DHMS could produce oxygen in the tumor microenvironment, which helps overcome the hypoxia of the solid tumor and thus enhance the treatment efficiency. In vivo experiments demonstrated efficient tumor inhibition in DHMS‐mediated SDT guided by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. This work presents a MOF‐derived nanoparticle with sonosensitive and oxygen generating ability, which provides a promising strategy for tumor hypoxia in SDT.     

Visible‐Light‐Driven Water Oxidation by a Molecular Manganese Vanadium Oxide Cluster

Photosynthetic water oxidation in plants occurs at an inorganic calcium manganese oxo cluster, which is known as the oxygen evolving complex (OEC), in photosystem II. Herein, we report a synthetic OEC model based on a molecular manganese vanadium oxide cluster, [Mn₄V₄O₁₇(OAc)₃]^3?. The compound is based on a [Mn₄O₄]⁶⁺ cubane core, which catalyzes the homogeneous, visible‐light‐driven oxidation of water to molecular oxygen and is stabilized by a tripodal [V₄O₁₃]^6? polyoxovanadate and three acetate ligands. When combined with the photosensitizer [Ru(bpy)₃]²⁺ and the oxidant persulfate, visible‐light‐driven water oxidation with turnover numbers of approximately 1150 and turnover frequencies of about 1.75 s^?1 is observed. Electrochemical, mass‐spectrometric, and spectroscopic studies provide insight into the cluster stability and reactivity. This compound could serve as a model for the molecular structure and reactivity of the OEC and for heterogeneous metal oxide water‐oxidation catalysts.     

Synthesis and Photophysical and Electrochemical Study of Tyrosine Covalently Linked to High‐Valent Copper(III) and Manganese(IV) Complexes

As bio‐inspired chemical model of the oxygen‐evolving complex (OEC) in photosystem II, a new tyrosine‐modified corrole ligand 3 and its high‐valent copper and manganese complexes 3a and 3b were synthesized and characterized. The copper complexes 1a and 2a of corrole 1 and 2 were also prepared for comparison. The emission property indicates that the emission of ligands 2 and 3 is located at 670 nm, but no emission is observed for their metal complexes due to its suppression by the metal center. The electrochemical study shows that 3a might dimerize at the first two reversible oxidations, a behavior which was not observed in the case of 1a and 2a . The corrolato manganese(IV) complex 3b shows one reversible reduction and one quasireversible oxidation at ?0.17 and 0.77 V vs. Ag/Ag⁺, respectively.     

Preparation and Catalytic Properties of Polymer-Bound Schiff Base Ternary Complexes

The polymer-bound Schiff base ternary manganese complexes [PS-SalPhe-Mn-L (L = Phen, Bipy and 8HQ)] have been prepared from the polymer-bound Schiff base ligand, a manganese salt and the second ligand, such as 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), 2,2‘-bipyridyl (bipy) and 8-quinolinol (8HQ). The polymer-bound Schiff base ternary manganese complexes were characterized by means of infrared spectrometry and ICPAES. The catalytic activities of the complexes have been studied in the aerobic epoxidation of long-chain linear aliphatic olefins. It is shown that 1-octene or 1-decene can be directly oxidized by molecular oxygen when catalyzed by PS-SalPhe-Mn-L(L=Phen, Bipy and 8HQ), and 1,2-epoxy alkane can be afforded in these reactions.     

Na-W-Mn/SiO2催化剂活化甲烷的研究Ⅱ.活性氧物种

制备了不同Ｎａ、Ｗ、Ｍｎ组分的Ｎａ－Ｗ－Ｍｎ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂,并进行了Ｏ２程序升温脱附（Ｏ２－ＴＰＤ）和不同温度下Ｎａ－Ｗ－Ｍｎ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂的ＣＨ４脉冲反应（ＣＨ４－ＰＲ）。研究结果表明,Ｎａ－Ｗ－Ｍｎ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂活化甲烷的活笥氧物种是Ｗ和Ｍｎ提供的、高温下易于流动的表面晶格氧（Ｏ＾２－）。Ｎａ和Ｏ＾２－的活泼性具有重要的促进作用,它可以极化Ｗ、Ｍn的金属一氧键,促进Ｏ＾２－的流动性。Ｎａ     

Highly Selective Hydroboration of Alkenes,Ketones and Aldehydes Catalyzed by a Well‐Defined Manganese Complex

Well‐defined manganese complexes based on inexpensive, readily available ligands, 2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine and its derivatives have been prepared and employed for the selective hydroboration of alkenes, ketones and aldehydes. Highly Markovnikov regioselective hydroboration of styrenes as well as excellent chemoselective hydroboration of ketones over alkenes were achieved, for the first time, by an earth‐abundant manganese catalyst.     

Highly Selective Hydroboration of Alkenes,Ketones and Aldehydes Catalyzed by a Well‐Defined Manganese Complex

Well‐defined manganese complexes based on inexpensive, readily available ligands, 2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine and its derivatives have been prepared and employed for the selective hydroboration of alkenes, ketones and aldehydes. Highly Markovnikov regioselective hydroboration of styrenes as well as excellent chemoselective hydroboration of ketones over alkenes were achieved, for the first time, by an earth‐abundant manganese catalyst.     

Kinetics of Lab Prepared Manganese Oxide Catalyzed Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol in the Liquid Phase

The oxidation of benzyl alcohol in the liquid phase was studied over manganese oxide catalyst using molecular oxygen as an oxidant. Manganese oxide was prepared by a mechanochemical process in solid state and was characterized by chemical and physical techniques. The catalytic performance of manganese oxide was explored by carrying out the oxidation of benzyl alcohol at 323–373 K temperature and 34–101 kPa partial pressure of oxygen. Benzaldehyde and benzoic acid were identified as the reaction products. Typical batch reactor kinetic data were obtained and fitted to the Langmuir–Hinshelwood, Eley–Rideal, and Mars–van Krevelene models of heterogeneously catalyzed reactions. The Langmuir–Hinshelwood model was found to give a better fit. Adsorption of benzyl alcohol at the surface of the catalyst followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The heat of adsorption for benzyl alcohol was determined as –18.14 kJ mol^?1. The adsorption of oxygen followed the Temkin adsorption isotherm. The maximum heat of adsorption for oxygen was –31.12 kJ mol^?1. The value of activation energy was 71.18 kJ mol^?1, which was apparently free from the influence of the heat of adsorption of both benzyl alcohol and oxygen.     

Cyclic Voltammetrically Prepared MnO2‐Polyaniline Composite and Its Electrocatalysis for Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR)

The composite of manganese dioxide‐polyaniline (MnO₂‐PANI) was successfully prepared by cyclic voltammetry (CV) from a 0.5 M H₂SO₄ solution containing 0.2 M aniline and 0.5 M MnSO₄. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that cauliflower like manganese dioxides entangled with PANI were generated. The spectra obtained from UV‐vis spectrophotometry (UV‐vis) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) strongly demonstrated that this novel composite was composed by MnO₂ and PANI, and also there was an interaction between MnO₂ and PANI. Then, for the first time, this resultant composite was modified on a graphite electrode and employed in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), subsequently, the obtained cyclic voltammograms (CVs) verified that ORR could proceed on this resultant composite of MnO₂‐PANI. Lastly, the possible catalysis mechanism of MnO₂‐PANI towards ORR was proposed based on the results we acquired. Developing a novel substrate on which ORR could proceed is the main contribution of this work.     

Synthesis of highly reactive polyisobutylenes using solvent‐ligated manganese(II) complexes as catalysts

Manganese complexes with benzonitrile ligands were synthesized, characterized, and applied for the preparation of the isobutylene polymerization. Low and medium molecular weight polyisobutylenes containing high amount of exo‐type double bond end groups (70–80%) were successfully prepared using these manganese(II) complexes as catalysts at room temperature. The influence of monomer and catalyst concentration was intensively analyzed for achieving high monomer conversion and high exo double bond content of the products. Details on end group distribution in the products and development of the exo‐type end group content with reaction time were evaluated by ¹H NMR. The catalysts are also active for the homopolymerization of styrene and the copolymerization of isobutylene and styrene. The highly reactive polyisobutylene products obtained by these manganese complexes show features similar to products obtained by conventional cationic polymerization, but the polymerization characteristics clearly deviate. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5636–5648, 2007     

SYNTHESIS AND CATALYTIC PROPERTY OF POLYSTYRENE SUPPORTED PHENYLALANINE SCHIFF BASE COMPLEX OF Mn（Ⅱ） IN AEROBIC OXIDATION OF CYCLOHEXENE

The polystyrene supported phenylalanine Schiff base complex of Mn(Ⅱ)(PS-Sal-Phe-Mn)was prepared with chloromethylated styrene polymer beads, 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde,L-phenylalanine and manganese(Ⅱ)acetate tetrahyrate., The polymeric ligand and the complex were characterized by FT-IR,, small area X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), and ICP-AES. In the presence of the manganese complex, cyclohexene(1)was effectively oxidized by molecular oxygen without reductant. The major products of the reaction were 2-cyclohexen-1-ol(2),2-cyclohexen-1-one(3)and 2-cyclohexen-1- hydroperoxide(4), which was different with typical oxidation of cyclohexene. The influence of reaction temperature and additive for oxidation had been studied. The selectivity of 2-cyclohexen-l-hydroperoxide varied with reaction time and different additives. The mechanism of cyclohexene oxidation had also been discussed.     

Nitrogen‐Rich Manganese Oxynitrides with Enhanced Catalytic Activity in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

The catalytic activity of manganese oxynitrides in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was investigated in alkaline solutions to clarify the effect of the incorporated nitrogen atoms on the ORR activity. These oxynitrides, with rock‐salt‐like structures with different nitrogen contents, were synthesized by reacting MnO, Mn₂O₃, or MnO₂ with molten NaNH₂ at 240–280 °C. The anion contents and the Mn valence states were determined by combustion analysis, powder X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure analysis. An increase in the nitrogen content of rock‐salt‐based manganese oxynitrides increases the valence of the manganese ions and reinforces the catalytic activity for the ORR in 1 m KOH solution. Nearly single‐electron occupancy of the antibonding e_g states and highly covalent Mn?N bonding thus enhance the ORR activity of nitrogen‐rich manganese oxynitrides.     

SYNTHESIS AND CATALYTIC PROPERTY OF POLYSTYRENE SUPPORTED GLUTAMIC ACID SCHIFF BASE COMPLEX OF Mn(Ⅱ)IN AEROBIC OXIDATION OF CYCLOHEXENE

The polystyrene supported glutamic acid Schiff base complex of Mn (Ⅱ) (PS-Sal-Glue-Mn) was prepared with chloromethylated styrene polymer beads,2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, L-glutamic acid and manganese (Ⅱ) acetate tetrahyrate. The polymeric ligand and the complex were characterized by FT-IR, small area X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ICP-AES. In the presence of the manganese complex, cyclohexene (1) was effectively oxidized by molecular oxygen without reductant. The major products of the reaction were 2-cyclohexen-1-ol (2), 2-cyclohexen-1-one (3) and 2-cyclohexen-1- hydroperoxide (4), which was different with typical oxidation of cyclohexene. The influence of reaction temperature and additive for oxidation had been studied. The selectivity of 2-cyclohexen-1-hydroperoxide varied with reaction time and different additives. The mechanism of cyclohexene oxidation had also been discussed.