共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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用V/r~3-F表确定滴体积测定管的末端半径方奕文,王镜和(汕头大学化学系,汕头,515063)关键词滴体积法,表面张力,滴体积测定管,末端半径表面张力是液体或溶液所具有的非常重要的性质。借测定表面活性剂溶液的表面张力可确定表面活性剂的表面活性,计算?.. 相似文献
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测量液体表面张力的滴重法是使用设备简单、操作方便、温度易于控制、实验精确度较高的方法。钠易氧化,微量的沾污使其润湿特性产生很大变化,通常的滴重法难以获得钠的 相似文献
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滴体积法测定了十六烷基溴化吡啶溶液的动态表面张力。考察了浓度、温度对动态表面张力的影响。讨论了十六烷基溴化吡啶分子在气/液界面上的吸附动力学,发现吸附遵从扩散-动力学控制机理.从表观扩散系数计算了吸附能垒,分析了吸附能垒存在的原因。 相似文献
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最大气泡压力法测表面张力实验数据处理的改进 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
最大气泡压力法测溶液表面张力的实验是许多高校开设的物理化学经典实验。实验的操作并不复杂,但教材或讲义所用的数据处理方法有些却比较复杂,而且人为引入的误差较大。本文运用MATLAB软件,用两种拟合方法对实验数据的处理方法进行了改进。 相似文献
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回顾了国内最大气泡压力法测定溶液表面张力等温线教学实验历年的设计与改进。比较了乙酸、丙酸、正丁酸、2-甲基丁酸、3-甲基丁酸、正戊酸、正己酸、甲醇、丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、乙二醇、1, 2-丙二醇、吐温20、吐温80、十二烷基硫酸钠等17种常用试剂在25 ℃下的表面张力等温线,及部分试剂在15,20,25,35 ℃下的表面张力等温线,指出正丁醇、异丙醇、丙醇是较为理想的教学实验备选试剂。 相似文献
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高温熔体表面张力测量方法的进展 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
高温熔体表面现象在冶金、化工、熔盐和材料科学等领域十分普遍。测量高温熔体表面张力有着重要的意义。本文评述了高温熔体表面张力的测量原理和方法。并简述了当前关于高温熔体表面现象以及相关的微重力科学的研究进展。 相似文献
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The conditions of mechanical equilibrium were considered, and the generalized notion of the surface tension at an arbitrarily curved surface layer was analyzed on the basis of the total nondiagonal pressure tensor including the external fields and anisotropic even in the bulk phases. It was shown that the transverse surface tension can be eliminated using the selection of a dividing surface; however, in the general case, this surface does not exhibit the properties of the tension surface. On the whole, three-dimensional and nondiagonal character of the tensors of excess surface stresses determined by the integration over the volume and the cross section of the surface layer is retained at any selection of the dividing surface. 相似文献
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表面张力是液体的重要物性数据,在科学研究、工业生产和日常生活中皆有广泛应用。介绍了采用吊片法测量液体表面张力的实验设计,该实验过程简单,准确度高,实验内容和时间易于调节,对于培养学生认真细致的科研作风有很大帮助。 相似文献
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《Physics and Chemistry of Liquids》2012,50(3):243-272
Abstract We present a class of models for the surface of a liquid metal, which may be part of an electrochemical interface. The particles of the system, for the purpose of derivation of thermodynamic properties, are the charged ion cores, while the energy of the electrons is evaluated using the electron density functional formalism, previously principally applied to solids. An expression for the surface energy Us , defined as the energy required to create unit area of surface by separation of a volume of homogeneous metal into two parts, is derived (Eqs. 18–20). The surface tension γ is obtained by differentiating the Helmholtz free energy with respect to the area of the system, keeping volume and particle number constant (Eqs. 27–37). The surface tension is also equal to the difference between the free energy of the system containing a surface and the free energy of a reference system. It thus defines a surface energy through the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation, and this surface energy is shown to be identical to Us . The expressions for Us and γ are made explicit (Eqs. 45–57) by insertion of particular assumptions for the ion-density profile, the electron-density profile, the interionic interaction and pair distribution function, and the electronic energy. Only information about bulk liquid metal is used. The parameter in the electron-density profile is obtained by minimizing the surface energy. The simplest assumption for the interionic interaction, hard-sphere and Coulombic repulsions, requires a choice for the hard-sphere diameter, which is made such that the pressure of bulk metals is given correctly (52–55). For the alkali metals, the surface tension calculated from this model is about half the experimental value in each case, while calculated surface energies are too high (1/5 too high for Cs, but three times too high for Li). For the electrical potential difference between the inside and the outside of a metal, and for the electrochemical potential, agreement with experiment is good. The main reason for the disagreements in the other properties is traced to the simple form used for the ion pair distribution function. 相似文献
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WANGFeng-kun WUJiang-tao LIUZhi-gang 《高等学校化学研究》2005,21(2):205-208
A generalized corresponding-state model based on two reference fluids was developed for the prediction of surface tensions for non-polar and weakly polar pure fluids and their binary mixtures. Four parameters,po, Tc, Vc and ω, were used in this model, and the acentric factor ω was used as a scaling parameter. This model has been tested for 69 pure substances and 20 binary mixtures; the average absolute deviations are 0. 28 and 0. 20 mN/m, respectively. The results indicate that the predictions by means of this model were in good agreement with experimental data. In addition, the calculated deviation would increase with the excess surface tension rising, and if the excess surface tension is less than 3 mN/m, the prediction will be good and credible. 相似文献
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