On rotation of the image of sphere under mapping by a meromorphic function

The paper studies the rotation of the image of the sphere |z| = r under mappings by functions of the form w(z) − p(z), where w(z) is an entire meromorphic function, while p(z) is a polynomial. In terms of rotations, some analogs of the Nevanlinna Second Fundamental Theorem are established.     

The transcendental meromorphic solutions of a certain type of nonlinear differential equations

In this paper, we study the differential equations of the following form w²+R(z)²(w(k))=Q(z), where R(z), Q(z) are nonzero rational functions. We proved the following three conclusions: (1) If either P(z) or Q(z) is a nonconstant polynomial or k is an even integer, then the differential equation w²+P²(z)²(w(k))=Q(z) has no transcendental meromorphic solution; if P(z), Q(z) are constants and k is an odd integer, then the differential equation has only transcendental meromorphic solutions of the form f(z)=acos(bz+c). (2) If either P(z) or Q(z) is a nonconstant polynomial or k>1, then the differential equation w²+(z−z₀)P²(z)²(w(k))=Q(z) has no transcendental meromorphic solution, furthermore the differential equation w²+A(z−z₀)²(w^′)=B, where A, B are nonzero constants, has only transcendental meromorphic solutions of the form , where a, b are constants such that Ab²=1, a²=B. (3) If the differential equation , where P is a nonconstant polynomial and Q is a nonzero rational function, has a transcendental meromorphic solution, then k is an odd integer and Q is a polynomial. Furthermore, if k=1, then Q(z)≡C (constant) and the solution is of the form f(z)=Bcosq(z), where B is a constant such that B²=C and q^′(z)=±P(z).     

Transcendence measures and algebraic growth of entire functions

In this paper we obtain estimates for certain transcendence measures of an entire function f. Using these estimates, we prove Bernstein, doubling and Markov inequalities for a polynomial P(z,w) in ℂ² along the graph of f. These inequalities provide, in turn, estimates for the number of zeros of the function P(z,f(z)) in the disk of radius r, in terms of the degree of P and of r. Our estimates hold for arbitrary entire functions f of finite order, and for a subsequence {n _j } of degrees of polynomials. But for special classes of functions, including the Riemann ζ-function, they hold for all degrees and are asymptotically best possible. From this theory we derive lower estimates for a certain algebraic measure of a set of values f(E), in terms of the size of the set E.     

Borel and Julia directions of meromorphic Schröder functions II

Let R(w) be a non-inear rational function and s be a complex constant with | s | > 1. It is showed that for any solution f (z) of the Schr?der equation f (sz) = R(f (z)), Julia directions of f (z) are also Borel directions of f (z). Received: 2 May 2005; revised: 22 December 2005     

Finite Rank Hankel Operators over the Complex Wiener Space

This work studies finite rank Hankel operators H _b on a Hilbert space of holomorphic, square integrable Wiener functionals. The main tool to investigate these operators is their unitary equivalent representation on the Hilbert space of skeletons. The finite rank property is characterized in terms of a functional equation for the symbol b, which generalizes the well known equation b(z+w)=b(z)b(w). Also finite rank symbols of polynomial type are characterized in terms of their chaos expansions.     

Exponential polynomials as solutions of certain nonlinear difference equations

Recently, C.-C. Yang and I. Laine have investigated finite order entire solutions f of nonlinear differential-difference equations of the form fn + L(z, f ) = h, where n ≥ 2 is an integer. In particular, it is known that the equation f(z)2 + q(z)f (z + 1) = p(z), where p(z), q(z) are polynomials, has no transcendental entire solutions of finite order. Assuming that Q(z) is also a polynomial and c ∈ C, equations of the form f(z)n + q(z)e Q(z) f(z + c) = p(z) do posses finite order entire solutions. A classification of these solutions in terms of growth and zero distribution will be given. In particular, it is shown that any exponential polynomial solution must reduce to a rather specific form. This reasoning relies on an earlier paper due to N. Steinmetz.     

Distance between a Maximum Modulus Point and Zero Set of an Entire Function

Let f be an entire function of finite positive order. A maximum modulus point is a point w such that |f(w)|= max {|f(z)|:|z=|w|}. We obtain lower bounds for the distance between a maximum modulus point w and the zero set of f. These bounds are valid for all sufficiently large values of |w|.     

Value distribution of the Painlevé Transcendents

We consider the solutions of the First Painlevé Differential Equationω″=z+6w ², commonly known as First Painlevé Transcendents. Our main results are the sharp order estimate λ(w)≤5/2, actually an equality, and sharp estimates for the spherical derivatives ofw andf(z)=z ⁻¹ w(z ²), respectively:w#(z)=O(|z|^3/4) andf#(z)=O(|z|^3/2). We also determine in some detail the local asymptotic distribution of poles, zeros anda-points. The methods also apply to Painlevé’s Equations II and IV.     

On a Class of Integer-Valued Functions

The paper deals with the class of entire functions that increase not faster than exp{γ∣z∣^6/5(ln∣z∣)^?1} and that, together with their first derivatives, take values from a fixed field of algebraic numbers at the points of a two-dimensional lattice of general form (in this case, the values increase not too fast). It is shown that any such functions is either a polynomial or can be represented in the form e^?mαzP(e^αz), where m is a nonnegative integer, P is a polynomial, and α is an algebraic number.

     

All traveling wave exact solutions of three kinds of nonlinear evolution equations

In this article, we employ the complex method to obtain all meromorphic exact solutions of complex Klein–Gordon (KG) equation, modified Korteweg‐de Vries (mKdV) equation, and the generalized Boussinesq (gB) equation at first, then find all exact solutions of the Equations KG, mKdV, and gB. The idea introduced in this paper can be applied to other nonlinear evolution equations. Our results show that all rational and simply periodic solutions are solitary wave solutions, the complex method is simpler than other methods, and there exist some rational solutions w_2r,2(z) and simply periodic solutions w_1s,2(z),w_2s,1(z) in these equations such that they are not only new but also not degenerated successively by the elliptic function solutions. We have also given some computer simulations to illustrate our main results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Hyers–Ulam stability of linear differential operator with constant coefficients

Let P(z) be a polynomial of degree n with complex coefficients and consider the n–th order linear differential operator P(D). We show that the equation P(D)f = 0 has the Hyers–Ulam stability, if and only if the equation P(z) = 0 has no pure imaginary solution. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Entire functions that share a polynomial with their derivatives

Let f be a nonconstant entire function, k and q be positive integers satisfying k>q, and let Q be a polynomial of degree q. This paper studies the uniqueness problem on entire functions that share a polynomial with their derivatives and proves that if the polynomial Q is shared by f and f^′ CM, and if f^(k)(z)−Q(z)=0 whenever f(z)−Q(z)=0, then f≡f^′. We give two examples to show that the hypothesis k>q is necessary.     

All meromorphic solutions of an ordinary differential equation and its applications

Dedicated to Professor Yuzan He on the Occasion of his 80th Birthday In this paper, we employ the complex method to obtain all meromorphic solutions of an auxiliary ordinary differential equation at first and then find out all meromorphic exact solutions of the combined KdV–mKdV equation and variant Boussinesq equations. Our result shows that all rational and simply periodic exact solutions of the combined KdV–mKdV equation and variant Boussinesq equations are solitary wave solutions, the method is more simple than other methods, and there exist some rational solutions w_r,2(z) and simply periodic solutions w_s,2(z) that are not only new but also not degenerated successively by the elliptic function solutions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A stability criterion

An important technique for determining the stability of a system of ordinary differential equations is to determine whether there are any roots in the positive half-plane of a certain polynomial P(z). Cesari has given a criterion for this in terms of the topological degree of the mapping described by P(z). It is shown here that Cesari's criterion can be reformulated as the problem of approximating the real roots of polynomials which are the real and imaginary parts of the P(z) on certain lines in the z-plane. The roots need only be approxi¬mated closely enough so that their magnitudes can be compared. The derivation of this criterion uses the notion of topological degree but the criterion itself is stated entirely in elementary terms     

Polynomial Solutions to the Hele–Shaw Problem

We introduce a new class H _n of univalent polynomials and establish that for every polynomial in H _n the Hele–Shaw problem has a polynomial solution w(z;t) for all values t>0. We also demonstrate that the members of H _n are starlike.     

An ergodic result for the limit of a sequence of substochastic products xA 1…Ak

Let P and Q be n × n nonnegativc matrices with PQ. Let w be an n-dimensional nonnegaiive vector and set S_k (u) = {uA ₁ … A_k over all substochastic A ₁ with P  A ₁  Q for all i} This paper gives conditions under which the sequence S ₁(w)S ₂(w), has a limit set S. Further, these same conditions are sufficient to guarantee that if u and z are stochastic n-dimensional vectors then the sequences S ₁(w)S ₂(w),… and S ₁(z)S ₂(z),… have the same limit set. Hence, an ergodic type result is obtained for this limit.     

On the lemniscate components containing no critical points of a polynomial except for its zeros

Let P be a complex polynomial of degree n and let E be a connected component of the set {z : |P(z)| ≤ 1} containing no critical points of P different from its zeros. We prove the inequality |(z − a)P′(z)/P(z)| ≤ n for all z ∈ E \ {a}, where a is the zero of the polynomial P lying in E. Equality is attained for P(z) = cz ⁿ and any z, c ≠ 0. Bibliography: 4 titles.     

Superharmonic Perturbations of a Gaussian Measure, Equilibrium Measures and Orthogonal Polynomials

This work concerns superharmonic perturbations of a Gaussian measure given by a special class of positive weights in the complex plane of the form w(z) = exp(−|z|² + U^μ(z)), where U^μ(z) is the logarithmic potential of a compactly supported positive measure μ. The equilibrium measure of the corresponding weighted energy problem is shown to be supported on subharmonic generalized quadrature domains for a large class of perturbing potentials U^μ(z). It is also shown that the 2 × 2 matrix d-bar problem for orthogonal polynomials with respect to such weights is well-defined and has a unique solution given explicitly by Cauchy transforms. Numerical evidence is presented supporting a conjectured relation between the asymptotic distribution of the zeroes of the orthogonal polynomials in a semi-classical scaling limit and the Schwarz function of the curve bounding the support of the equilibrium measure, extending the previously studied case of harmonic polynomial perturbations with weights w(z) supported on a compact domain. Submitted: July 25, 2008. Accepted: October 1, 2008. Work supported in part by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Fonds de recherche sur la nature et les technologies du Québec (FQRNT).     

Differential polynomials generated by linear differential equations

This article is devoted to considering value distribution theory of differential polynomials generated by solutions of linear differential equations in the complex plane. In particular, we consider normalized second-order differential equations f″+A(z)f=0, where A(z) is entire. Most of our results are treating the growth of such differential polynomials and the frequency of their fixed points, in the sense of iterated order.