经典Kerr黑洞和量子Kerr黑洞系统的微正则系综理论描述与统计“自举”条件

分别从Kerr黑洞的经典谱和量子谱出发，建立了一个居于微正则系综理论描述的系统态密度 的不等式，并由此证明了Kerr黑洞满足统计“自举(bootstrap)”条件.其主要结论是对于由 大量Kerr黑洞组成的体系，在高能极限下，最可能的构型是一个黑洞将获得系统所有的质量 和全部的角动量，而且转动不会破坏黑洞的“自举”性质. 关键词： Kerr黑洞 统计“自举”问题     

Kerr解的新形式及其隧穿辐射

Parikh最近将黑洞辐射视为半经典的隧穿过程,在考虑了自引力相互作用后,得出静态球对称Schwarzschild和Reissner-Nordstrm黑洞的辐射谱不是纯热谱.采用Doran给出的Kerr黑洞解的新形式,将Parikh的工作推广到Kerr黑洞,研究转动黑洞的隧穿辐射,得到了修正的辐射谱,它与黑洞的Bekenstein-Hawking熵变有关,不是纯热谱,但满足量子力学中的幺正性原理. 关键词： Kerr黑洞 隧穿辐射 自引力修正 Bekenstein-Hawking熵     

引力彩虹时空中Kerr黑洞的熵谱和面积谱

利用黑洞的绝热不变性,研究了引力彩虹时空中Kerr黑洞的熵谱和面积谱.首先,在引力彩虹时空背景下,计算了Kerr黑洞的绝热不变作用量,并将其与玻尔-索末菲量子化条件相结合,给出了黑洞的熵谱.得到的熵谱没有引力彩虹时空本身具有的粒子能量依赖性,且是与经典Kerr黑洞中原始贝肯斯坦熵谱相同的等间距熵谱.然后,根据黑洞热力学第一定律和黑洞熵谱,给出了与原始贝肯斯坦谱不同的面积谱.该面积谱是非等间距的,而且有对黑洞面积的依赖性,但不依赖于探测粒子的能量.面积谱表明,随着黑洞面积的减少,面积间隔逐步变小;当黑洞达到普朗克尺度时,面积量子可降为零.这表示黑洞面积不再减少,黑洞出现辐射剩余.而在忽略色散关系的修正效应或在大黑洞极限下,面积谱的修正项可以忽略,引力彩虹Kerr黑洞面积谱可以回归到原始贝肯斯坦谱.此外,对引力彩虹时空Kerr黑洞的熵进行了讨论,得到了带有面积倒数修正项的黑洞熵,分析了黑洞熵的量子修正与面积谱量子修正的一致性.     

高维Kerr度规中Boson的束缚态

本文利用分离变量方法得到了在高维Kerr度规中玻色子径向波函数方程,由此讨论了在高维Kerr黑洞周围玻色子的束缚态.结果表明,高维Kerr黑洞与玻色子不能形成量子束缚态,这一结论与玻色子有无质量无关.     

Kerr黑洞的量子面积谱及微黑洞的最小质量

Kerr黑洞仅含有两个参量M和J.把M和J视为广义坐标,并将M,J和它们的共轭量构成四维相空 间，通过规范变换得到了Kerr黑洞的量子面积谱.由此给出了Schwarzschild黑洞的 最小质量. 关键词： 黑洞 量子面积谱 共轭 规范变换     

Kerr度规中的Bose子束缚态

本文讨论在Kerr度规中带质量和无质量Bose子的束缚态,结果指出:1)无质量Bose子不能形成Kerr黑洞束缚态,在极端黑洞情形和角量子数l很大的条件下,这与deFelic的结论相符,但我们将他的结论推广到任意l及非极端Kerr黑洞的情形。2)对于有质量Bose子,若满足束缚态条件,则可能和极端Kerr黑洞组成束缚态。本文给出了束缚态的能量模式,波函数和束缚态条件。 关键词：     

Dirac粒子的Hawking蒸发

在Kerr背景时空中求解Dirac方程是一个长期没有解决的问题。1976年Chandrasekhar成功地找到了Kerr背景时空中静止质量不为零的Dirac方程的退耦和分离变量的量子方程。本文在此基础上,在近似极端Kerr黑洞的事件视界附近找到了静止质量不为零的Dirac方程的解,并成功地导出了Hawking热谱公式,从而解决了Dirac粒子在Kerr黑洞的Hawking蒸发问题。 关键词：     

能斯特定理与黑洞的普朗克绝对熵

考虑Kerr黑洞内视界处的热性质后,给出了Bekenstein-Smarr公式的新形式,重新定义了黑洞熵.黑洞温度趋于绝对零度时,新定义的黑洞熵一定趋于零.它满足能斯特定理,可视为黑洞的普朗克绝对熵. 关键词：     

用新乌龟坐标变换研究动态Kerr黑洞的Hawking辐射

本文用一种新的乌龟坐标变换和改进的Damour-Ruffini方法研究了动态Kerr黑洞的Hawking辐射,得到了随时间和纬度角而变化的局域温度和具有准黑体谱形式的Hawking辐射谱.其结果与采用通常的乌龟坐标变换所得结果有所不同,而通常的乌龟坐标变换在量纲上存在一定的问题,本文的结果也许更为合理. 关键词： Hawking辐射 动态Kerr黑洞 改进的Damour-Ruffini方法 新乌龟坐标变换     

匀加速直线运动的Kerr黑洞的特征曲面

研究了作匀加速直线运动的变质量Kerr黑洞的三类特征曲面，即事件视界、表观视界和类时极限面(无限红移面).指出在变质量(存在吸积或蒸发)情况下，这类黑洞的三类特征曲面不再重合. 关键词：     

Thermal radiation and nonthermal radiation of the slowly changing dynamic Kerr--Newman black hole

Using the related formula of dynamic black hole, we have calculated the instantaneous radiation energy density of the slowly changing dynamic Kerr-Newman black hole. It is found that the instantaneous radiation energy density of a black hole is always proportional to the quartic of the temperature of the event horizon in the same direction. By using the Hamilton-Jacobin equation of scalar particles in the curved spacetime, the spontaneous radiation of the slowly changing dynamic Kerr-Newman black hole is studied. The energy condition for the occurrence of the spontaneous radiation is obtained.     

Letter: Quantum Nonthermal Radiation of Nonstationary Kerr-Newman-de Sitter Black Holes

Quantum nonthermal radiation of a nonstationary Kerr-Newman-de Sitter black hole is investigated. A crossing of the positive and negative Dirac energy levels occurs in a region near the event horizon of the hole, and spontaneous quantum nonthermal radiation takes place in the overlap region.     

探讨黑洞Hawking辐射的新方法——量子统计法

将黑洞看作由裸黑洞和二维热力学面(黑洞的视界)组成的正则系综,利用量子统计方法给出黑洞Hawking 辐射的能量谱.找到黑洞辐射温度与熵的关系. 关键词： Hawking辐射 正则系统 量子统计     

The Thermal Radiation from Static Spherically Symmetric Black Holes

By use of the radiant emittance near the event horizon of static spherically symmetric black hole, the radiation field around the black hole was studied and found the generalized Stefan Boltzmann coefficient σ of thermal radiation near the event horizon is much greater than the flat space-time blackbody radiation. For Schwarzschild black hole, σ will increased as the black hole mass increases. For Reissner-Nordström black hole, σ has some relation with the quality and the charges of the black hole. Thermal particle model was proposed creatively to study the radiation power and radiant energy flux of static spherically symmetric black hole, found when η take the inherent thickness, for all Schwarzschild black hole the radiation power are the same and the radiant energy flux is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from observer to the black hole, for Reissner-Nordström black hole the radiation power is associated with the quality and the charge of the black hole. When given the mass and charges of the black hole, the radiant energy flux is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from observer to the black hole.     

Entropy is conserved in Hawking radiation as tunneling: A revisit of the black hole information loss paradox

We revisit in detail the paradox of black hole information loss due to Hawking radiation as tunneling. We compute the amount of information encoded in correlations among Hawking radiations for a variety of black holes, including the Schwarzchild black hole, the Reissner–Nordström black hole, the Kerr black hole, and the Kerr–Newman black hole. The special case of tunneling through a quantum horizon is also considered. Within a phenomenological treatment based on the accepted emission probability spectrum from a black hole, we find that information is leaked out hidden in the correlations of Hawking radiation. The recovery of this previously unaccounted for information helps to conserve the total entropy of a system composed of a black hole plus its radiations. We thus conclude, irrespective of the microscopic picture for black hole collapsing, the associated radiation process: Hawking radiation as tunneling, is consistent with unitarity as required by quantum mechanics.     

静态球对称黑洞的热质点模型及辐射功率

利用静态球对称黑洞的热质点模型,研究了黑洞的热辐射规律,得到了当η取固有厚度时,对所有Schwarzschild黑洞,其辐射功率都相同,其视界处的辐射能通量与黑洞的质量的平方成反比,而距黑洞遥远的观察者所接收到的辐射能通量与观测者到黑洞的距离的平方成反比; Reissner-Nordstrm黑洞视界处的辐射能通量和辐射功率不仅与黑洞的质量有关,还与黑洞的电荷有关,而距黑洞遥远的观察者所接收到的辐射能通量,当截断的固有厚度η、黑洞的质量m和电荷Q取定后与观测者到黑洞之间的距离的 关键词： 静态球对称黑洞 热质点模型 辐射功率 辐射能通量     

Quantum Nonthermal Radiation of the Nonstationary Kerr-Newman Black Hole

Quantum nonthermal radiation of a nonstationaryKerr-Newman black hole is studied by using theHamilton-Jacobi equation and generalized tortoisecoordinates. It is shown that the positive energy stateinterlaces with the negative state in a region near theevent horizon, and spontaneous quantum nonthermalradiation takes place in the overlap region.     

Information Conservation in a Noncommutative Quantum Black Hole Based on Canonical Typicality*

A method for calculating the radiation spectrum of an arbitrary black holes was recently proposed by Ma et al., [Europhys. Lett. 122 (2018) 30001] in which a non-thermal spectrum of a black hole can be obtained from its entropy using an approach based on canonical typicality. The non-thermal spectrum of a black hole enables a nonzero correlation between the black hole and its radiation, which can ensure that information is conserved during black hole evaporation. In this paper, by using the Kantowski-Sachs metric and Feynman-Hibbs procedure, the entropy of a noncommutative quantum black hole is calculated based on the Wheeler-DeWitt equation. Then, the radiation spectrum of the noncommutative quantum black hole is studied based on canonical typicality method. At last, the correlation between the radiation spectra is calculated. It is shown that the noncommutative effect increases the correlation among radiation and the information remains conserved for noncommutative quantum black holes.     

Measurement of stimulated Hawking emission in an analogue system

Hawking argued that black holes emit thermal radiation via a quantum spontaneous emission. To address this issue experimentally, we utilize the analogy between the propagation of fields around black holes and surface waves on moving water. By placing a streamlined obstacle into an open channel flow we create a region of high velocity over the obstacle that can include surface wave horizons. Long waves propagating upstream towards this region are blocked and converted into short (deep-water) waves. This is the analogue of the stimulated emission by a white hole (the time inverse of a black hole), and our measurements of the amplitudes of the converted waves demonstrate the thermal nature of the conversion process for this system. Given the close relationship between stimulated and spontaneous emission, our findings attest to the generality of the Hawking process.     

Barriola-Vilenkin黑洞Dirac场的广义Stefan-Boltzmann定律

利用薄膜模型研究Barriola-Vilenkin黑洞的热辐射,得到了黑洞的热辐射满足广义Stefan-Boltzmann定律的结论,导出的广义Stefan-Boltzmann系数不再是一个恒量,当截断距离以及薄膜厚度取定后,它是一个与黑洞视界附近的时空度规以及辐射粒子的径向平均泻流速率有关的比例系数.得到的Barriola-Vilenkin黑洞视界附近Dirac场的辐射能通量与薄层膜内辐射粒子的径向平均泻流速率成正比,与黑洞的质量平方成反比。