Bound-to-extended state absorption in quantum wells confined byδ-like barriers

Within the framework of a simple envelope function and effective mass approximation, by including the spatial variation of effective mass and nonparabolicity effects, we have investigated the energy spectrum and intersubband optical absorption in a quantum well with additional thin and higher (δ -like) cladding barriers on either side of the well. The dependence of the absorption coefficient on the structure parameters, doping level, photon energy and temperature has been investigated. The absorption coefficient and spectrum strongly depend on the cladding barrier tunnel transparency. The peak absorption wavelength is shifted towards the high energies as the barrier transparency decreases. The temperature shift of the absorption peak is very small. The results are compared with experiments of Schneider et al. taking into account the broadening induced by well width fluctuations.     

一种提高生物体拉曼光谱痕量测量精度的方法

微量物质拉曼光谱测量精度的提高是拉曼分析技术的难点之一,特别是高荧光背景下生物体中微量物质的测量。根据拉曼谱峰突发、离散特点,分别给出荧光背景和噪声拟合函数,通过监测总体拟合偏差A类不确定度函数实现拉曼谱峰定位和干扰信号滤波;进一步根据谱峰位置划分光谱区间,在单调区间内弱化非谱峰信号,实现谱峰信号增强。与其他光谱处理方法比较,可以准确拆分重叠特征峰,不会降低特征峰高度,提供更加灵敏的半谱峰面积指标。实验表明,该方法在处理皮肤拉曼光谱时,可以准确得到螺旋构象的酰胺I带、神经酰胺和CO的归属拉曼谱峰;另外经过该方法处理后数据建立水溶性糖(水稻叶片)含量测量模型,其精度优于小波分解、多项式拟合和非线性最小二乘法。     

B-C-N Compound Synthesized Under High Temperature and High Pressure

Crystalline hexagonal B(N 1 m x C x ) and cubic B-C-N compounds have been synthesized from a precursor produced from melamine and boric acid by application of high temperature and high pressure. The synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction. The lattice parameters for the hexagonal crystal are a=2.506 Å, c=6.657 Å, and that for the cubic crystal is a=3.596 Å. The X-ray photoelectron spectra of the B-C-N compound indicate the presence of B-N, C-N, C-C, and B-C bonds, which suggests that boron, carbon, and nitrogen atoms all bond with one another and that the B-C-N crystal is a compound in which the three kinds of atoms are mixed atomically. The composition of the B-C-N compound is B 0.47 C 0.23 N 0.30 . A strong absorption band at 1000～1120 cm m 1 attributable to the cubic B-C-N phase is observed in the infrared spectrum. The photoluminescence spectrum of hexagonal B-C-N powder measured at room temperature features a broad peak centered at 374 nm, corresponding to the band-edge emission of h-B-C-N, and is similar to that of w-GaN.     

Wavelet-modified fringe-adjusted joint transform correlator

In this paper, we implement a wavelet-modified fringe-adjusted joint transform correlator (JTC) for real-time target recognition applications. In real-time situation the input scene is captured using a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. The obtained joint power spectrum is multiplied by a pre-synthesized fringe-adjusted filter and the resultant function is processed with an appropriately scaled wavelet filter. Three performance measure parameters: correlation peak intensity, peak-to-sidelobe ratio, and signal-to-clutter ratio have been calculated for fringe-adjusted joint transform correlator (FJTC) and wavelet-modified fringe-adjusted joint transform correlator (WFJTC). The WFJTC has been found to yield better results in comparison to conventional FJTC. To suppress the undesired strong dc, the resultant function is differentiated. Differential processing wavelet-modified fringe-adjusted joint power spectrum removes the zero-order spectra and hence improves the detection efficiency. To focus the correlation terms in different planes in order to capture one of the desired autocorrelation peaks and discard the strong dc and another autocorrelation peak, chirp-encoding technique has also been applied. Targets with Gaussian and speckle noise have also been used to check the correlation outputs. Computer simulation and experimental results are presented.     

The energy spectra of secondary ions emitted during ion bombardment

Secondary ion energy spectra have been measured for singly charged ions emitted from targets irradiated with 43 keV A⁺ ions. Targets studied include the 3d transition metals (Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Ni) Cu and Zn, Zr, Al and Si and the compounds SiO₂, Al₂O₃, NaCl, KCl. Energy spectra were measured in the energy range 1–600 eV. In several cases a peak in the energy spectrum in the region around 200 eV has been found. This is in addition to the usual low energy peaks in the region of 5–10 eV. In many cases the low energy peak was observed to decay steadily with irradiation time or to increase with oxygen pressure. In the case of the cleanest Zn spectrum, only the high energy peak can be detected. The data are discussed in relation to current models of secondary ion emission. We conclude that, in general, elemental metal targets which are clean are characterised by the high energy peak in the secondary ion energy spectrum. The slower ions emitted have been neutralised by electron exchange processes. The low energy peaks in unclean, partially clean, oxide coated or compound targets (NaCl, KCl) arise because the neutralisation of the slower ions is either not as efficient or is not possible. The secondary ion emission model of Blaise and Slodzian could account for the emission of ions from most targets.     

The properties of liquid nitrogen

The light-scattering ‘anisotropy’ spectrum of liquid nitrogen has been measured for the liquid along the liquid-vapour coexistence line from 69·4 K (almost the triple point) to near the critical point at 125 K and for the gas under pressure at 128 K. The spectrum is very broad (HWHH～50 cm^-1) due to rapid molecular reorientation. The molecular anisotropy spectrum is approximately gaussian, corresponding to a correlation time for molecular reorientation of order 2 × 10^-13 s at 80 K which is comparable with that obtained from nuclear magnetic resonance. A gaussian rather than a lorentzian form arises because molecular reorientation is not a ‘slow’ variable.

Above the critical temperature the molecular anisotropy spectrum can be roughly described as a collision-broadened rotational line spectrum.

The spectrum and its time Fourier Transform are analysed in terms of the dynamical correlation of orientation of the molecules.

A component of the spectrum due to induced polarization is separated from the anisotropy contribution by a study of the far wing of the spectrum and is observed on the Stokes side out to about 250 cm^-1. This depends exponentially on frequency shift and is interpreted in terms of molecular collision dynamics. The correlation time for this motion is about a factor three shorter than that for molecular reorientation.

The spectra are markedly asymmetric after all experimental corrections for asymmetry have been made. The asymmetry is shown to correspond to the detailed balance factor. It is pointed out that this factor should be allowed for in the case of induced scattering, in particular.

A theoretical analysis is given of the effect of correlation of molecular orientation on the light-scattering spectrum for centrosymmetric linear molecules. In particular it is shown that the normalized second moment of the spectrum is unaffected by correlation of orientation.     

动量为6.8BeV/cπ-介子与核子的非弹性作用

本工作共积累了317个非弹性作用事例。作用中的次级带电粒子在(π^--N)质心系中的角分布与动量分布等和前人结果一致,并且基本上可以用边缘碰撞机制来说明。对带有次级质子的事例作了如下分析:(1)计算全部次级粒子(质子除外)在它们自己系统中的总能量ω。作ω分布,并与边缘碰撞1π交换近似计算的理论曲线比较,在ω=1.5BeV附近观察到有突出于理论曲线之外的高峯,并对峯区内事例进行了初步分析。(2)综合我们的和联合原子核研究所的数据,计算了次级质子在镜象系的非弹性系数K_з,并使K_з值的分布与根据Барашенков等人理论计算的K_з分布曲线作了比较。此外,还试从靶质量观点出发,利用Duller-Walker的F图方法,对不同K_з值的各类事例进行了分析和讨论。     

Turnable Second Harmonic Generation from an Organic Dye Laser

Abstract

Ultraviolet light has been generated from a Rhodamine 60 organic dye laser by frequency doubling with a KDP crystal. The second harmonic was tuned from 2900Å to 3000Å with peak powers of 40 watts.

Organic dye lasers have now been reported with output wave-lengths extending throughout the visible and near infrared^1-12. The tunability^4,6,13 and output energies now available in the visible protion of the spectrum suggest frequency doubling as a means of obtaining a tunable source of ultraviolet light. We wish to report the observation of tunable second harmonic radiation centered at 2950Å generated from the laser output of a 10^?4 molar solution of Rhodamine 6G dissolved in ethyl alcohol.     

Discovery of the First 2- State in 16C via Neutron Knockout Reaction

The ¹⁶C nucleus has been investigated by the neutron knockout reaction of ¹⁷C on a liquid hydrogen target. Applying the invariant mass method in inverse kinematics and γ-ray spectroscopy, the energy spectrum was reconstructed by triple-coincidence measurement, in which neutrons, charged fragments, and γ rays from the decay of the reaction residue (¹⁶C*) were detected. A peak at 0.47 MeV was observed in the invariant mass spectrum in coincidence with a peak at 0.74 MeV in the γ-ray spectrum, which indicates the presence of an unbound state with an excitation energy of 5.46 MeV. Comparison of the experimental cross section with the value derived by a theoretical calculation provided evidence that the spin-parity of this state is 2^?.     

Chemical effects on Al and Cu Auger electron spectra for the intermetallic compound CuAl2

This paper describes an experimental study of the intermetallic compound CuAl₂ using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Chemical effects in the CuAl₂ spectrum are observed corresponding to energy shifts of the Cu and Al peaks and the appearance of a new peak for the compound. These results are found to be in good agreement with those obtained using the technique of soft X-ray emission spectroscopy (SXES). The origin of the new peak appears to be a transition from a hybridised s-d band localized at the Cu site in the compound to an Al core state. This gives a band-like contribution to the CuAl₂ AES spectrum.     

Electronic Structure of GdCuGe Intermetallic Compound

The electronic structure of GdCuGe intermetallic compound has been studied. Spin-polarized energy spectrum calculations have been performed by the band method with allowance for strong electron correlations in the 4f-shell of gadolinium ions. Antiferromagnetic ordering of GdCuGe at low temperatures has been obtained in a theoretical calculation, with the value of the effective magnetic moment of gadolinium ions reproduced in fair agreement with experimental data. The electronic density of states has been analyzed. An optical conductivity spectrum has been calculated for GdCuGe; it reveals specific features that are analogous to the ones discovered previously in the GdCuSi compound with a similar hexagonal structure.     

Specific features of praseodymium-doping induced changes in the critical temperature and energy spectrum parameters of YBa<Subscript>2</Subscript>Cu<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">y</Emphasis></Subscript> in the presence of calcium ions in the lattice

The results of the experimental study of the specific features of changes in the temperature and concentration dependences of the thermopower coefficient and the critical temperature in the Y_{0.85 − x} Ca_0.15Pr _x Ba₂Cu₃O _y system as the praseodymium content increases are presented. The results obtained have been analyzed based on the narrow band model, the energy spectrum and charge carrier system parameters have been determined, and their behavior with an increase in the doping level has been analyzed. It has been found that both superconducting properties and parameters of the normal state of Y_{0.85 − x} Ca_0.15Pr _x Ba₂Cu₃O _y vary differently in various doping ranges. Based on a comparison of the results obtained with the available data for the case of single doping of YBa₂Cu₃O _y with praseodymium, conclusions have been drawn regarding the mechanism of the energy spectrum modification in the studied compound. The Fermi-level pinning effect has been revealed in the region of a local peak of the density-of-states function, and the energy position of this peak has been determined. It has been shown that the consideration of the Fermi level dynamics caused by the specific features of the structure and transformation of the Y_{0.85 − x} Ca_0.15Pr _x Ba₂Cu₃O _y energy spectrum upon doping makes it possible to explain the observed dependence of the critical temperature on the praseodymium content.     

Influence of Anisotropic Wind Waves on the Efficiency of Spatial Processing of Acoustic Signals in Shallow Water

The authors investigate the effect of anisotropy of the frequency-angular spectrum of wind waves on the efficiency of spatial processing signals received by a horizontal array in a shallow water waveguide with a rough surface. The array gain is analyzed for three array signal processors: conventional beamformer, optimal linear processor, and optimal quadratic processor. The numerical simulation results for the hydrological conditions typical of the Barents Sea in winter are presented. The main focus is on the dependence of the array gain on the distance to the source and wind direction with respect to the acoustic path. Simulation results for the anisotropic wind wave spectrum and a simplified model with an isotropic spectrum are also compared.

     

A study on the Fresnel diffraction of 6He by means of different microscopic density distributions

The elastic scattering of the halo nucleus ⁶He from heavy targets such as ¹⁹⁷Au and ²⁰⁸Pb has been investigated in order to explain the Coulomb rainbow peak due to the Fresnel-type diffraction observed in the experimental data. In order to examine the role of nuclear potential to describe ⁶He + ¹⁹⁷Au and ⁶He + ²⁰⁸Pb systems, we have used the no-core shell model, few-body and Gaussian-shaped density distributions at various energies. The microscopic real parts of the complex nuclear potential have been obtained by using the double-folding model for each of the density distribution and the phenomenological imaginary potentials have been taken as the standard Woods-Saxon shape. We have observed that fewbody and Gaussian-shaped density distributions have given standard Fresnel-type diffraction results, a classical scattering pattern with Coulomb rainbow peak whereas the nuclear potential obtained by using the no-core shell-model density distribution has provided the reduction at Fresnel peak and has given more consistent results with the experimental data.     

Electronic structure of the TbMn<Subscript>0.33</Subscript>Ge<Subscript>2</Subscript> compound: Band calculation and optical experiment

The results of the investigation of the electronic structure and optical properties of the TbMn_0.33Ge₂ compound have been presented. The spin-polarized calculations of the band spectrum have been performed within the framework of the local spin density approximation (LSDA) with a correction for strong correlations in the 4f shell of the rare-earth ion (the LSDA + U method). The optical constants have been measured using the ellipsometric method and a number of spectral and electronic characteristics of the compound under investigation have been determined over a wide range of wavelengths. The interband part of the experimental dependence of the optical conductivity has been interpreted using the results of the calculation of the electron density of states.     

FAB of peptides study: Deuterated glycerol matrix and selectively deuterated peptides. Part II

Abstract

Two peptides, H-Gly-Lys-Thr-Gly-Pro-Gly-OH (1) and Leu-enkephalin (2) FAB-PI spectra in normal and deuterated glycerol have been studied. Two C-deuterated and D₂O exchanged analogs have been used to compare their fragmentation to unlabelled peptides.

The mass spectrometry of peptides has become a particularly interesting field with the wide spread adoption of the FAB technique. This technique enables one to record the quasi-molecular ion (in both positive and negative modes as M+1 or M?1 respectively) and to extract from the spectrum valuable information on the peptide sequence.     

Spectra of Decaying Two-Dimensional Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence on a β-Plane

The formation of the Iroshnikov-Kraichnan spectrum in the inertial interval has been shown for two-dimensional β-plane decaying homogeneous magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. An expression for the wavenum-ber that characterizes the boundary between the inertial interval of the Iroshnikov-Kraichnan spectrum and the region of existence of Rossby waves has been obtained. The self-similar decay of the Iroshnikov- Kraichnan spectrum in time has been investigated. The violation of the self-similar decay of the total energy spectrum and the formation of the Kolmogorov spectrum in the inertial range of the kinetic energy have been found at large time intervals. The inverse cascade of the kinetic energy characteristic of the detected Kolm-ogorov spectrum provides the origin of zonal flows.

     

双光子吸收光谱

本文报道以皮秒脉冲激光抽运的光参量放大器为宽带可调谐激发光源，直接测量非线性光学材料的双光子吸收谱的方法。光参量放大器不但可调谐谱带很宽，而且可用一对尼科尔棱镜很容易地实现全波段功率足够强和相等，使此方法的测量结果准确可靠。用此方法研究了一个新有机化合物的双光子吸收谱。实验结果表明所测的新有机化合物在很宽的波长范围内呈现出很大的双光子吸收截面。     

5-(2-芳氧甲基苯并咪唑-1-亚甲基)-1,3,4噁二唑-2-硫酮的结构,光谱与热力学性质的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法对标题化合物分子进行几何构型优化和频率计算,得到红外光谱和拉曼光谱及不同温度下的热力学性质.计算模拟分子在气相和不同溶剂下的电子吸收光谱.结果显示,分子内氢键的形成有利于分子稳定,并与实验晶体结构一致.气相中最大吸收峰出现在236nm处,属于近紫外区,溶剂作用使其蓝移(减小)20nm左右,且与溶剂极性无关.     

The IR absorption spectrum of 2 - aminothiazolid - 4 - one

A mechanical model has been used to calculate the frequencies in the vibrational spectrum of the imine and amine tautomeric structures for this compound; the IR spectrum for the crystalline state has been deduced for the range 80–3500 cm^–1, and a discussion is given for the effect of the tautomeric prototropic forms on the vibrational spectrum.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii Fizika, No. 9, pp. 76–82, September, 1971.